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on Central and South America |
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Issue of 2020‒05‒25
three papers chosen by |
| By: | Lopez, Matias; Moraes Silva, Graziella; Teeger, Chana; Marques, Pedro |
| Abstract: | Previous studies have posited that elites are willing to advance the redistribution of income and social goods when the negative effects of inequality, such as crime and conflict, threaten their own interests. Although elites acknowledge these negative effects, their support for redistributive policies remains low throughout the Global South. We address this paradox using a multi-method research design. Drawing on 56 in-depth interviews with Brazilian political and economic elites, we document how, when discussing the negative effects of inequality, interviewees consistently characterized the poor as ignorant, irrational and politically incompetent. We use these findings to theorize about the negative impact of such perceptions of the poor on elite support for redistribution. We then test this relationship using survey data gathered from random samples of political and economic elites in Brazil, South Africa and Uruguay (N 1⁄4 544). We find the relationship to be robust. |
| Keywords: | elites; inequality; perceptions; social policy; redistribution |
| JEL: | D70 D62 |
| Date: | 2020–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:104273&r=all |
| By: | Sergio Firpo; Renan Pieri; Rafaela Nogueira |
| Abstract: | Through rapid urbanization, Brazil?previously a country where most workers were in the agricultural sector?went through a strong process of structural transformation that lasted almost four decades until economic liberalization at the beginning of the 1990s. During the same period, income inequality remained practically stable and at high levels, only falling at the end of the 1990s. Taking a historical point of view, this paper analyses the Brazilian experience during three periods: 1950 to 1964, 1964 to 1994, and 1994 to 2011. |
| Keywords: | Brazil, import substitution, Inclusive growth, Structural transformation |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2020-58&r=all |
| By: | Katz, Jorge |
| Abstract: | El crecimiento basado en la explotación y la industrialización de recursos naturales ha caracterizado una parte importante de las estrategias económicas de los países de América Latina y, en buena medida, sigue siendo un aspecto central en el debate regional. El presente documento constituye un aporte significativo al análisis de las especificidades que caracterizan a este tipo de modelo y que se refieren a aspectos teóricos, macro y microeconómicos, regulatorios e institucionales, así como a los procesos de aprendizaje y de desarrollo tecnológico locales que es necesario abordar. El documento analiza también la experiencia de Chile y muestra cómo en las últimas décadas el Estado chileno ha adoptado un papel de ente subsidiario y se ha dejado en manos del mercado la construcción del sendero de crecimiento y de las reglas del juego, lo que ha llevado a perder, de esta manera, importantes oportunidades para desarrollar localmente ventajas comparativas dinámicas asociadas al cambio tecnológico y a la consolidación de industrias proveedoras de servicios de ingeniería y de producción de equipos para la explotación e industrialización de recursos naturales. |
| Keywords: | RECURSOS NATURALES, CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO, ASPECTOS ECONOMICOS, ASPECTOS SOCIALES, MEDIO AMBIENTE, REGULACION ECONOMICA, POLITICA INDUSTRIAL, POLITICA AMBIENTAL, DERECHOS HUMANOS, INTEGRACION SOCIAL, NATURAL RESOURCES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC ASPECTS, SOCIAL ASPECTS, ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMIC REGULATION, INDUSTRIAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, HUMAN RIGHTS, SOCIAL INTEGRATION |
| Date: | 2020–05–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:45513&r=all |