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on Central and South America |
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Issue of 2018‒07‒09
three papers chosen by |
| By: | Santiago Acerenza; Néstor Gandelman |
| Abstract: | This paper characterizes household spending in education using microdata from income and expenditure surveys for 12 Latin American and Caribbean countries and the United States. Bahamas, Chile and Mexico have the highest household spending in education while Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay have the lowest. Tertiary education is the most important form of spending, and most educational spending is performed for individuals 18-23 years old. More educated and richer household heads spend more in the education of household members. Households with both parents present and those with a female main income provider spend more than their counterparts. Urban households also spend more than rural households. On average, education in Latin America and the Caribbean is a luxury good, while it may be a necessity in the United States. No gender bias is found in primary education, but households invest more in females of secondary age and up than same-age males. |
| Keywords: | Household Expenditure, Household Income, Education Expenditure, Primary & Secondary Education, Children, School Attendance, gender bias, Educational Level, Household Education Spending, Household Income, Household Expenditure |
| JEL: | D12 I2 E21 |
| Date: | 2017–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:8212&r=lam |
| By: | Escudero, Verónica.; Kluve, Jochen.; López Mourelo, Elva.; Pignatti, Clemente. |
| Abstract: | We present a systematic collection and assessment of impact evaluations of active labour market programmes (ALMP) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The paper delineates the strategy to compile a novel meta database and provides a narrative review of 51 studies. Based on these studies, the quantitative analysis extracts a sample of 296 impact estimates, and uses meta regression models to analyse systematic patterns in the data. In addition to analysing earnings and employment outcomes as in previous meta analyses, we also code and investigate measures of job quality, such as the effects on hours worked and formality. We find that ALMPs in LAC are particularly effective in increasing the probability of having a formal job, compared to other outcomes. Our results also show that training programmes are slightly more effective than other types of interventions. Moreover, when looking at the sample of training programmes alone, we observe that formal employment is also the outcome category that is most likely to be impacted positively by these programmes. In terms of targeting, we find that ALMPs in the region work better for women than for men, and for youth compared to prime age workers. Finally, medium-run estimates are not more likely to be positive than short-run estimates, while programmes of short duration (4 months or less) are significantly less likely to produce positive effects compared to longer interventions. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:994987491702676&r=lam |
| By: | Nicolás Grau; Jorge Miranda; Esteban Puentes |
| Abstract: | The effect of the minimum wage on labor market outcomes is controversial. There are several studies for developed countries with mixed results, but there is a lack of evidence for developing countries. We have access to a panel of workers from the unemployment insurance system in Chile, which allow us to study the effect of four consecutive increases in minimum wages using administrative data. We use several definitions of treatment and control groups, finding consistently a small and positive effect of the minimum wage on formal wages, and non-significant effects on formal employment. |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:udc:wpaper:wp466&r=lam |