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on Central and South America |
|
Issue of 2018‒06‒25
three papers chosen by |
| By: | Pedro Herculano Guimarães Ferreira de Souza (IPC-IG); Marcelo Medeiros (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "For most of the past decade, Brazil seemed to be on track to reduce its hitherto extreme level of income inequality. All survey estimates pointed in the same direction: the country was finally experiencing pro-poor growth. However, household surveys have some well-known limitations, especially when it comes to assessing the incomes of the rich. Consequently, data from personal income tax declarations are invaluable to assess the concentration of income at the top. Indeed, estimates based on publicly available income tax tabulations published over the past few years shed new light on the level and evolution of income inequality in Brazil". (...) |
| Keywords: | concentration, income, top, Brazil, 2006, 2014 |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opager:370&r=lam |
| By: | Rodrigo Octávio Orair (IPC-IG); Sergio Wulff Gobetti (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Brazil, in the period after the great financial crisis of 2007?2008, presents a compelling case study of the interactions between fiscal policy and business cycles. The country is noteworthy not only for being one of the very few that dealt relatively well with the most acute stage of the crisis, maintaining its dynamism throughout most of the 2007?2010 period, but also for the speed of its economic and fiscal deterioration during the 2011?2014 economic slowdown, and the subsequent 2015?2016 recession. The contrast in performance is stark when one observes the decrease in growth of the country's gross domestic product (GDP), which halved from 4.6 per cent per year during 2007?2010?which placed Brazil close to the top third of countries with the best global performance?to 2.3 per cent per year during 2011?2014, which placed the country among the bottom third of countries, and finally culminating in an accumulated collapse of -7.2 per cent of GDP during 2015?2016, the worst recession in the country's history". (...) |
| Keywords: | Expansion, austerity, challenges, risks, radical, fiscal policy, Brazil |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opager:360&r=lam |
| By: | Roque B. Fernández |
| Abstract: | Desde mediados del siglo XX Argentina ha enfrentado diversos ciclos con inflación y desempleo. La persistencia de estos ciclos induce a pensar en factores estructurales basados en una puja política no resuelta por la distribución del ingreso. Un modelo que se presta para este tipo de análisis es el modelo presa - predador, originalmente construido para estudios biológicos, que Goodwin extiende a ciclos económicos generados por conflictos de clases. Este trabajo explora la existencia de soluciones dinámicas que tengan un comportamiento orbital similar al modelo presa-predador. Primero, se presenta una aplicación para estudiar el fenómeno del populismo en Argentina. Segundo, se aplica al estudio de la reforma monetaria que se identificó como “Plan Austral”. Y tercero, se aplica a la evaluación de un modelo de Metas de Inflación. Todos los modelos tienen formas reducidas extremas que sacrifican una presentación más amplia y comprensiva de estos fenómenos. El objetivo principal es servir como una introducción muy simplificada a la evaluación de soluciones dinámicas más complejas. |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cem:doctra:631&r=lam |