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on International Finance |
| By: | Kerstin Bernoth; Helmut Herwartz; Lasse Trienens |
| Abstract: | Using a data-driven approach to identify structural vector autoregressive models, we examine key factors influencing the US dollar exchange rate across eight advanced economies from 1980 to 2022. We find that shocks to inflation expectations, which are closely tied to unfunded government transfer payments, have a pronounced effect on the US dollar’s value. This underscores the fiscal dimension of exchange rates. External shocks, related to the convenience yield investors forgo to hold US dollar assets, have emerged over time as the most powerful driver of US dollar exchange rate fluctuations. These findings provide new insights into the complex interplay of monetary policy, fiscal dynamics, and global market forces in shaping US dollar exchange rates. |
| Keywords: | Exchange rates, convenience yield, inflation expectations, monetary policy, fiscal policy, unfunded government transfer payment, monetary-fiscal policy mix |
| JEL: | E52 C32 E43 F31 G15 F41 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2100 |
| By: | Karau, Sören |
| Abstract: | I show that the majority of short-term nominal exchange rate fluctuations among large economies can be explained by changes in the relative stance of their monetary policies. Adapting recently developed instrumental variable techniques for shock identification, I find that monetary policy shocks of the US relative to the euro area account for 76 percent of the short-term fluctuations of the USD-EUR exchange rate over a one-month horizon - substantially more than previously documented. Similar results are obtained for exchange rates involving the British pound and Japanese yen. Relative monetary policy shocks explain a larger fraction of variability of the exchange rate than of interest rate differentials throughout the yield curve, and small changes in risk-free rates are associated with sizable jumps in the exchange rate. Identifying US and euro area shocks separately reveals that both are important for the USD-EUR rate. Taken together, these findings speak to the significance of (not only US) monetary policy in driving frictions in interest parity relations that have recently been found to be crucial for understanding exchange rate behavior from a theoretical perspective. |
| Keywords: | Monetary Policy, Exchange Rates, Proxy VAR |
| JEL: | E44 E52 F31 F41 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bubdps:305278 |
| By: | Juan Jose Battaglia |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the relationship between sovereign spreads and external assets and liabilities. To address potential endogeneity concerns, we employ a panel VAR model within a generalized method of moments (GMM) framework on a sample of 59 countries, encompassing 18 advanced economies and 41 emerging markets, over the period from 1996 to 2021. The findings reveal that a positive shock to international reserves (IIRR) assets (measured as a ratio to GDP) leads to a significant decrease in sovereign spreads. Conversely, a positive shock to the external debt to GDP ratio leads to a significant increase in sovereign spreads. Both effects are stronger in emerging markets. The responses of spreads to shocks in foreign direct investment (FDI) liabilities are less clear, highlighting that not all foreign liabilities have the same effect on the cost of international credit. We corroborate the robustness of the results using the local projection method and a variety of additional tests. |
| Keywords: | Sovereign spread; External asset and liabilities; Panel VAR. |
| JEL: | E44 G15 H63 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp03552024 |
| By: | Carol C. Bertaut; Stephanie E. Curcuru; Ester Faia; Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas |
| Abstract: | We provide new estimates of the return on US external claims and liabilities using confidential, high-quality, security-level data. The excess return is positive on average, since claims are tilted toward higher-return equities. The excess return is large and positive in normal times but large and negative during global crises, reflecting the global insurance role of the US external balance sheet. Controlling for issuer's nationality, we find that US investors have a larger exposure to equity issued by Asia-headquartered corporations than reported in the aggregate statistics. Finally, equity portfolios are concentrated in 'superstar' firms, but for US liabilities foreign holdings are less concentrated than the overall market. |
| Keywords: | Capital flows; Cross-border investment; Exorbitant privilege |
| JEL: | F30 F21 F32 |
| Date: | 2024–11–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgif:1398 |