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on Gender |
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Issue of 2026–01–05
three papers chosen by Jan Sauermann, Institutet för Arbetsmarknads- och Utbildningspolitisk Utvärdering |
| By: | Hernan Bejerano (Center for Economic Research and Teaching (CIDE) and Economic Science Institute, Chapman University); Matias Busso (Inter-American Development Bank); Juan Francisco Santos (Inter-American Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies trust, reciprocity, and bargaining using a large-scale online experiment in six Latin American countries. Participants were randomly assigned to play trust and ultimatum games under conditions in which the gender of their counterpart was either disclosed or withheld. On average, gender disclosure did not affect behavior. However, disaggregated results show systematic differences. Men displayed higher levels of trust and reciprocity, particularly when interacting with women, and offered larger shares to women in bargaining. Women, by contrast, reciprocated more when paired with men. These findings show how gendered interactions can influence economic behavior, even when counterpart information is conveyed minimally. |
| Keywords: | Trust; Reciprocity; Bargaining; Gender; Latin America |
| JEL: | C92 D91 J16 O54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chu:wpaper:25-17 |
| By: | Marianna Brunetti (CEIS & DEF, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", GLO and Cefin); Annalisa Fabretti (CEIS & DEF, University of Rome "Tor Vergata") |
| Abstract: | This study is the first modeling academic career progression using multi-state models, an approach that allows to compute additional quantities of interest never produced in this context, such as the probability of attaining specific academic positions over given time horizons and the average time required to reach them. Potential gender differences along these dimensions are assessed by comparing these metrics computed for male and female scholars separately, while accounting for productivity, individual preferences, and even seniority, which are often cited as explanations for women’s disadvantage in academic careers. Leveraging a suitably-built highly informative dataset covering the universe of professors having worked in Italian universities between 2016 and 2021, we show a gap in the probabilities of career advancement that reduces with the career horizon but never vanishes, stabilizing around 2 (3) percentage points for those starting their career as assistant (associate) professors. In addition, we find that female scholars require up to two additional years to reach the highest academic rank (full professorship) compared with otherwise equivalent male counterparts, a phenomenon we label the “pink queue”. Finally, we find a systematic misalignment in career advancement probabilities between male and female scholars with comparable productivity, whereby women achieve the same advancement chances as men only when they attain higher productivity levels, suggesting the presence of a potential “double standard”. |
| Keywords: | Gender gap, Markov chain, university, productivity, pink queue, double standard |
| JEL: | J16 J71 |
| Date: | 2025–12–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtv:ceisrp:618 |
| By: | Katrine M. Jakobsen; Thomas H. Jorgensen; Hamish W. Low |
| Abstract: | We study how fertility decisions interact with labor supply and human capital accumulation of men and women. First, we use longitudinal Danish register data and tax reforms to show that increases in wages of women decrease fertility while increases in wages of men increase fertility. Second, we estimate a life-cycle model to quantify the importance of fertility adjustments for labor supply and long-run gender inequality. Wage elasticities of women are more than 10% lower if fertility cannot be adjusted. Finally, we show that the long-term consequences of human capital depreciation around childbirth are an important driver of the long-run gender wage gap in the model. |
| Keywords: | Fertility; Labor supply; human capital accumulation; Gender inequality; Tax reform |
| JEL: | D15 H24 J13 J22 |
| Date: | 2025–12–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedhwp:102277 |