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on Gender |
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Issue of 2025–10–13
three papers chosen by Jan Sauermann, Institutet för Arbetsmarknads- och Utbildningspolitisk Utvärdering |
| By: | Giulia Briselli; Libertad González Luna |
| Abstract: | We propose that men’s reluctance to increase their participation in childcare and household chores is an important factor keeping both fertility and women’s employment low in Europe. We first show that, over time, European women express a stronger desire for men increasing their participation in home production. This trend is not observed for men. We propose a toy model of the household that illustrates how men’s refusal to contribute to childcare can have negative effects on both fertility and women’s labor supply. Finally, we use cross-country panel data and a two-way fixed effects specification to show that countries where the gender divergence in attitudes is more pronounced display both lower birth-rates and lower female employment rates. |
| Keywords: | fertility , gender norms , female labor force participation |
| JEL: | J13 J16 J21 |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upf:upfgen:1916 |
| By: | Enriqueta Camps |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we account for the early demographic transition of Catalonia and the impact on population ageing and levels of productivity. Female vocational training and female real-wage increased during the first third of the 20th century, with high female participation levels in the workforce and the influence of libertarian practices of fertility control seeming to be the main reasons for the low levels of fertility (below replacement) during the first third of the 20th century. This sustained trend of low fertility has resulted in a high dependency ratio during the first decades of the 21st century caused in turn by increased longevity. The high proportion of dependents in the population has resulted in GDP per capita becoming an inadequate measure of the evolution of productivity levels during the 21st century. |
| Keywords: | fertility, gender wage gap, longevity, economic growth |
| JEL: | A11 A12 I15 J11 N3 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upf:upfgen:1910 |
| By: | Manisha Shah; Lydia Barski |
| Abstract: | Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive global issue, with approximately one in three women experiencing IPV over their lifetime. IPV prevalence is higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and costs of IPV are also considerably larger as a percentage of GDP in LMICs. We present the economic theory behind IPV and highlight some important determinants such as poverty and societal norms. We then synthesize the causal evidence on the impact of a range of policies and interventions, highlighting approaches which have been effective in reducing IPV. We identify key insights from the existing literature and outline areas where further theoretical and empirical research is needed. |
| JEL: | I18 J12 O12 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34337 |