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on Discrete Choice Models |
| By: | Naveen Singhal |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates discrete choice models as tools for analyzing the effects of tax and transfer policies on labor supply. An advantage of discrete choice models is that they distinguish changes in labor force participation from changes in the hours of work. Such models can also capture the heterogeneity in labor supply response among and within demographic subpopulations. In this paper, two types of discrete choice models are estimated using cross-sectional data from the Current Population Survey: quadratic models and quasi-linear models. The models |
| JEL: | C35 H31 J22 |
| Date: | 2021–04–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbo:wpaper:57027&r= |
| By: | Dang Vu, Hoai Nam (University of Copenhagen); Nielsen, Martin Reinhardt; Jacobsen, Jette Bredahl |
| Abstract: | A legal rhino horn trade is suggested to reduce poaching. To examine this proposition we conducted a choice experiment with 345 rhino horn consumers in Vietnam investigating their preferences for legality, source, price and peer experience of medicinal efficacy as attributes in their decision to purchase rhino horn. We calculated consumers’ willingness to pay for each attribute level. Consumers preferred and were willing to pay more for wild than semi-wild and farmed rhino horn but showed the strongest preference for legal horn although higher-income consumers were less concerned about legality. The number of peers having used rhino horn without positive effect reduced preference for wild-sourced horn and increased preference for legality. Hence, a legal trade in rhino horn would likely not eliminate a parallel black market. Whether poaching would be reduced depends on the price difference in the two markets, campaigns ability to change consumer preferences, and regulation efforts. |
| Date: | 2021–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:ecoevo:y6pzk&r= |
| By: | Duval Hernández, Robert (University of Cyprus) |
| Abstract: | Using a special module of the 2015 Mexican Labour Force Survey with information on workers' preferences for jobs with social security coverage, I estimate that 80 per cent of informal workers in large urban areas would prefer to work in a job that provides them with such coverage. The estimation of a discrete choice econometric model which distinguishes between wanting a formal job and the probability of getting one shows that schooling increases the chances of being hired in formal employment and of having higher earnings in it. Women with greater responsibilities at home are less likely to want formal employment, and they also face a lower probability of being hired in such jobs. The findings indicate the segmentation of Mexican labour markets and the rationing of formal jobs, together with the existence of workers who voluntarily participate in informal employment. However, the estimated fraction of involuntary informal workers is quite high. |
| Keywords: | informal employment, labour markets, segmentation, rationing |
| JEL: | O17 |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14278&r=all |
| By: | Markus Dertwinkel-Kalt; Holger Gerhardt; Gerhard Riener; Frederik Schwerter; Louis Strang |
| Abstract: | Many intertemporal trade-offs are unbalanced: while the advantages of options are concentrated in a few periods, the disadvantages are dispersed over numerous periods. We provide novel experimental evidence for “concentration bias”, the tendency to overweight advantages that are concentrated in time. Subjects commit to too much overtime work that is dispersed over multiple days in exchange for a bonus that is concentrated in time: concentration bias increases subjects’ willingness to work by 22.4% beyond what standard discounting models could account for. In additional conditions and a complementary experiment involving monetary payments, we study the mechanisms behind concentration bias and demonstrate the robustness of our findings. |
| Keywords: | attention, focusing, bounded rationality, intertemporal choice, future bias, present bias, framing |
| JEL: | D01 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9011&r= |
| By: | Geoffrey L. Cueto; Francis Aldrine A. Uy; Keith Anshilo Diaz |
| Abstract: | General Santos City, as the tuna capital of the Philippines, relies with the presence of tricycles in moving people and goods. Considered as a highly-urbanized city, General Santos City serves as vital link of the entire SOCKSARGEN region's economic activities. With the current thrust of the city in providing a sustainable transport service, several options were identified to adopt in the entire city, that includes cleaner and better transport mode. Electric tricycle is an after sought alternative that offers better choice in terms of identified factors of sustainable transport: reliability, safety, comfort, environment, affordability, and facility. A literature review was conducted to provide a comparison of cost and emission between a motorized tricycle and an e-tricycle. The study identified the existing tricycle industry of the city and reviewed the modal share with the city's travel pattern. The survey revealed a number of hazards were with the current motorized tricycle that needs to address for the welfare of the passengers and drivers. The study favors the shift to adopting E-tricycle. The model derived from binary logistics regression provided a 72.72% model accuracy. Based from the results and findings, electric tricycle can be an alternative mode of public transport in the city that highly support sustainable option that provides local populace to improve their quality of life through mobility and economic activity. Further recommendation to local policy makers in the transport sector of the city include the clustering of barangays for better traffic management and franchise regulation, the inclusion of transport-related infrastructure related to tricycle service with their investment planning and programming, the roll out and implementation of tricycle code of the city, and the piloting activity of introducing e-tricycle in the city. |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2104.08182&r= |
| By: | Marta Serra-Garcia; Nora Szech |
| Abstract: | Willingness to vaccinate and test are critical in the COVID-19 pandemic. We study the effects of two measures to increase vaccination and testing: “choice architecture” and monetary compensations. Choice architecture has the goal of “nudging” people into a socially desired direction without affecting their choice options. Compensations reward vaccine takers and are already in use by some organizations. Yet there is the concern that compensations may decrease vaccination if compensations erode intrinsic motivation to vaccinate. We show that both approaches, compensations and choice architecture, significantly increase COVID-19 test and vaccine demand. Yet, for vaccines, low compensations can backfire. |
| Keywords: | choice architecture, incentives, Covid-19, vaccine hesitancy, test avoidance |
| JEL: | D01 D04 I12 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9003&r= |
| By: | Serra-Garcia, Marta; Szech, Nora |
| Abstract: | Willingness to vaccinate and test are critical in the COVID-19 pandemic. We study the effects of two measures to increase vaccination and testing: "choice architecture" and monetary compensations. Choice architecture has the goal of "nudging" people into a socially desired direction without affecting their choice options. Compensations reward vaccine takers and are already in use by some organizations. Yet there is the concern that compensations may decrease vaccination if compensations erode intrinsic motivation to vaccinate. We show that both approaches, compensations and choice architecture, significantly increase COVID-19 test and vaccine demand. Yet, for vaccines, low compensations can backfire. |
| Keywords: | choice architecture,incentives,COVID-19,vaccine hesitancy,test avoidance |
| JEL: | D01 D04 I12 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kitwps:150&r= |
| By: | Marta Serra-Garcia (University of California, San Diego); Nora Szech (Karlsruher Institut für Technologie) |
| Abstract: | Willingness to vaccinate and test are critical in the COVID-19 pandemic. We study the effects of two measures to increase vaccination and testing: "choice architecture" and monetary compensations. Choice architecture has the goal of "nudging" people into a socially desired direction without affecting their choice options. Compensations reward vaccine takers and are already in use by some organizations. Yet there is the concern that compensations may decrease vaccination if compensations erode intrinsic motivation to vaccinate. We show that both approaches, compensations and choice architecture, significantly increase COVID-19 test and vaccine demand. Yet, for vaccines, low compensations can backfire. |
| Keywords: | choice architecture, incentives, COVID-19, vaccine hesitancy, test avoidance |
| JEL: | D01 D04 I12 |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hka:wpaper:2021-020&r= |