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on Urban and Real Estate Economics |
| By: | Raoul van Maarseveen (University of Cologne) |
| Abstract: | Place shapes the educational attainment of children, yet the underlying reasons remain poorly understood. In this paper, I investigate the role of spatial differences in educational signals received by students. Using Dutch administrative data combined with high-stakes national exam scores, I show that students receive less ambitious track recommendations in rural areas conditional on ability. The spatial difference is comparable to the impact of having a university-educated parent and explains around half of the spatial difference in academic track enrollment. Key mechanisms are spillovers from high SES peers and stronger beliefs in the importance of education among urban teachers. |
| Keywords: | Spatial Inequality, Educational attainment, Teacher Bias, Human Capital |
| JEL: | I24 O18 R11 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkdps:366 |
| By: | Rahai, Rouzbeh; Evans, Gary W.; Wells, Nancy M.; Xu, Wenfei |
| Abstract: | U.S. schools are increasingly threatened by climate-related events such as extreme heat and air pollution, which adversely affect children’s health and learning. Climate risks do not occur in isolation. Adverse exposures intersect with local school socioeconomic and physical conditions that shape susceptibility to risks. Yet, research on how climate risks intersect with school social and physical factors influencing susceptibility remains limited. This study assesses relationships between climate risk and school susceptibility factors across major U.S. Cities and pinpoints school clusters within cities most in need of climate intervention. We analyzed 4, 754 public school parcels in 20 major U.S. cities using climate risk and susceptibility indices. Climate risk was defined by PM2.5, ozone levels, and extreme heat days (Heat Index>102°F). School susceptibility included poverty rates (free/reduced lunch), impervious surface cover, and inverse greenspace availability (trees, grass, shrub) based on 1m land-use classifications. Spatial lag regression assessed risk–susceptibility associations, and HDBSCAN clustering identified school clusters with convergence of high risk and high susceptibility within cities. Risk–susceptibility relationships varied by city. Significant positive associations were found in Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Phoenix, New York, and Riverside (.007 < β < .105). These school districts serve nearly 5% of U.S. public-school students. HDBSCAN identified 582 schools with both high climate risk and high susceptibility. Climate vulnerability among U.S. urban schools is spatially uneven. Identifying schools with the highest combined risk and susceptibility provides a foundation for targeted interventions such as greening and HVAC upgrades to support resilience and protect student wellbeing. |
| Date: | 2025–07–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:5ebtn_v1 |
| By: | Carmelo Rodríguez à lvarez (Instituto Complutense de Análisis Económico (ICAE), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain).) |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to the housing bubble literature by analysing rental and sales price dynamics in Spain’s two largest urban centres—Madrid and Barcelona—between May 2007 and December 2024. Using monthly data from Idealista.com, Spain’s leading real estate platform, we detect the presence of price bubbles in both markets, assess their key determinants, and explore contagion effects across cities and segments. Our results show that while only a few bubbles emerged, they were of substantial duration. We also find evidence of contagion, with rental bubbles consistently preceding sales bubbles, underscoring the pivotal role of rental markets in driving price surges. Among the key determinants, higher hotel stays are associated with a reduced probability of housing bubbles, suggesting that more hotel-based tourists may help stabilise real estate markets in both urban centres. Rising interest rates and the availability of housing certificates are also linked to lower bubble risk. Conversely, increasing resident numbers significantly raise the likelihood of positive bubbles, whereas higher unemployment dampens it. These findings offer critical insights for housing policy in major urban areas. |
| Keywords: | Bubbles; Local Projections; Contagion; Real Estate Markets. |
| JEL: | R31 G12 E44 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucm:doicae:2504 |
| By: | Gu, Helena; Mu, David |
| Abstract: | In 2018, Minneapolis became the first U.S. city to eliminate single-family zoning through the Minneapolis 2040 Plan, with a central focus on improving housing affordability. Using a synthetic control approach, this paper finds that the reform reduced the growth of housing costs over the subsequent five years: home prices were 16-34% lower and rents 17.5-34% lower than a counterfactual Minneapolis. Placebo tests show these declines were the steepest among 83 donor cities (p=0.012). The effects are consistent across multiple robustness exercises and are not the result of new housing supply, but are likely due to weakened housing demand. |
| Keywords: | zoning reform, land use regulation, house prices, rental prices, synthetic control |
| JEL: | R52 R30 R58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1629 |
| By: | Cho, Rachel; Farag, Hisham; Görtz, Christoph; McGowan, Danny; Nguyen, Huyen; Schroeder, Max |
| Abstract: | Is there a multicultural neighborhood price premium? We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in British colonization patterns in Northern Ireland during the early 1600s which created neighborhoods of varying religious composition that persists until today. These religious groups are culturally distinct, but are observationally equivalent ethnically and socioeconomically. A standard deviation increase neighborhood-level multiculturalism raises house prices by 9.6%. Multiculturalism raises property prices by increasing asset liquidity and housing demand as a wider spectrum of society demand houses in these areas. The findings and mechanism contrast sharply with prior evidence showing negative relationships due to homophily, social networks, and identification challenges. |
| Keywords: | homophily, house prices, multiculturalism, segregation |
| JEL: | D1 G5 R21 R31 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:319914 |
| By: | Noame Khaldi; Mehdi Guelmamen |
| Abstract: | The question of social mobility, particularly in deindustrialized regions, is a central issue in understanding contemporary economic and social dynamics. This article examines how regional contexts influence the social trajectories of workers. Using intergenerational mobility tables and an econometric strategy mobilizing a control function, we assess the impact of geographic and social origins on workers’ opportunities for upward social mobility. A combination of economic, geographic and social factors influences their upward social mobility. Geographic and crossborder mobility is a key factor in the upward social mobility of working-class people. These findings help to shed the light on the role of regional disparities and border mobility in structuring socioeconomic inequalities. |
| Keywords: | Social mobility, geographic mobility, social classes, cross-border work. |
| JEL: | A14 J21 J61 P51 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2025-17 |
| By: | Tom Broekel |
| Abstract: | Timely and spatially detailed indicators of regional economic activity are limited. This paper introduces the Regional Economic News Sentiments (REGENS) index, a high-frequency measure based on geocoded news headlines from 300+ German-language outlets since 2019. REGENS captures local economic sentiment, aligns with national indicators, and significantly leads regional unemployment by up to four months. While its link to GDP growth is weaker, it consistently reflects regional economic patterns. The study highlights how media signals contribute to understanding economic development and illustrates the potential of text-based indicators to sharpen the spatial and temporal resolution of regional monitoring. |
| Keywords: | news, media, sentiments, regions, regional development |
| JEL: | R11 C55 O33 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2519 |
| By: | João Pereira dos Santos (Queen Mary University of London, ISEG – University of Lisbon, and IZA); Kristina Strohmaier (University Duisburg-Essen) |
| Abstract: | Residency by Investment programs have become integral to contemporary migration policies, providing a distinct pathway for individuals to acquire a new legal status through financial investments. In this paper, we study the extent to which “golden visas†impact real estate housing markets. Using the population of transactions records from 2007 to 2019, we analyse the introduction of the Golden Visa Program in Portugal in 2012. We first present descriptive bunching evidence around the €500, 000 threshold, revealing potential price distortions. Merging the transaction data to property tax records, we then conduct a difference-in-differences analysis assessing the golden visa impact on the discrepancy between transaction prices and fiscal values. This analysis uncovers a “Golden Visa Premium, †where transaction prices exceed fiscal values by an average of around €38, 000 at the investment threshold, indicating a more than 10% price increase in high-end housing prices. Finally, survey data from the Portuguese population indicates widespread support for ending the program, particularly among the elderly, educated residents in Lisbon. |
| Keywords: | Residency by Investment, Housing, Portugal |
| JEL: | R21 R38 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbp:wpaper:023 |
| By: | AJ Golio |
| Abstract: | The researcher assessed consistency and patterns in non-response for the 21 Neighborhood Social Capital variables that appeared in the 2013 wave of the American Housing Survey. |
| Keywords: | AHS |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:tnotes:25-15 |
| By: | Daman-Guilé Diawara (Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako - USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako); Amidou Ballo (Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako - USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako) |
| Abstract: | Center for Expertise in Economic and Social Development (laboratory). The District of Bamako, the capital of Mali, is experiencing rapid urban expansion and significant demographic changes. This growth has led to an increasing interest in the local real estate market, a complex field influenced by various economic, social, and political factors. Thus, the analysis of the housing market in the District of Bamako aims to thoroughly explore the dynamics of the housing market, focusing on supply and demand, characteristics, recent trends, and challenges. Moreover, Bamako's population has experienced rapid growth over the past few decades, rising from approximately 1 million inhabitants in the 1990s to over 2.3 million today. This demographic growth has created a strong demand for housing, particularly for low- and middle-income households. Consequently, the supply of affordable housing has not kept pace with this increasing demand. The methodological approach emphasizes the use of economic analysis tools, descriptive statistics, mathematical tools, and environmental analysis. The results reveal an imbalance between the supply and demand for housing in Bamako. Thus, the housing market in Bamako faces major challenges related to rapid demographic growth and high costs. Efforts are underway to address the demand for affordable housing, but substantial progress remains to be made |
| Keywords: | growth demography housing market population urbanization, growth, demography, housing market, population, urbanization |
| Date: | 2025–04–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05053386 |
| By: | Jaller, Miguel; Valencia-Cardenas, Maria C. |
| Abstract: | This report develops an equitable and sustainable freight-oriented land use (LU) methodology to support future planning activities, enabling the integration of freight activity across urban, suburban, and rural areas and facilitating the transition of heavy- and medium-duty vehicles toward zero-emission. The methods include a literature review to identify freight sustainable strategies, policy analysis at different scales, characterization of local context, and demand/supply patterns. The latter examines the spatial distribution and land use characteristics of freight facilities and retail/service sectors in the Sacramento region to inform sustainable and equitable planning strategies. This analysis identifies co-location patterns, accessibility gaps, and sectoral interactions using a multi-dimensional approach integrating spatial clustering, distance analysis, population-employment dynamics, and environmental burdens. Data sources include Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES), American Community Survey (ACS), CalEnviroScreen, and OpenStreetMap, alongside geospatial tools in R. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to address potential conflicts, service deserts, and environmental justice concerns. The study proposes actionable strategies for planners to support balanced economic development and improve access to essential services. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Land Use, Sustainable Freight Strategies, Transportation Policy, Transportation Planning, Spatial equity, Demand-Supply interaction |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt2x20p4fg |
| By: | Grodecka-Messi, Anna (Research Department, Central Bank of Sweden); Li, Jieying (Financial Stability Department, Central Bank of Sweden); Zhang, Xin (Research Department, Central Bank of Sweden) |
| Abstract: | Using a monthly panel dataset of individuals’ debt, we show that house price changes can ex plain a significant fraction of personal debt composition dynamics. We exploit the variation in local house price growth as shocks to homeowners’ housing wealth to study the consequential adjustment of debt portfolio. We present direct evidence that homeowners re-optimize their debt structure by using parts of withdrawn home equity to pay down comparatively expensive non-mortgage debt during a housing boom. The effect is strongest for homeowners that have a high debt-to-income ratio and live in a municipality with a high literacy level. We find evidence that macroprudential policy and interest rates are important for consumer debt decisions. |
| Keywords: | Personal Debt Management; Home Equity Extraction; Household Debt; Housing; Financial Literacy; Macroprudential Policy. |
| JEL: | D14 G21 G51 G53 R31 |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:rbnkwp:0452 |
| By: | Aaron Hedlund; Kieran Larkin; Kurt Mitman; Serdar Ozkan |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of mortgage market structures on shaping economic responses to the unprecedented interest rate and inflation dynamics of 2021-2024. We first empirically document that economies with a larger share of variable-rate mortgages exhibit stronger responses in house prices to monetary policy shocks. We then develop and calibrate a structural model of the housing market to demonstrate that these mortgage structures can account for a substantial portion of the divergent house price paths observed across the U.S., Canada, Sweden, and the U.K. during the Great Inflation. Our analysis reveals that early pandemic mortgage rate cuts drove 45% of the U.S. house price boom. Economies dominated by adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) show greater price sensitivity to monetary tightening, while fixed-rate mortgage (FRM) regimes exhibit more pronounced path dependence due to a lock-in effect. These dynamics have significant distributional consequences, with low-income homeowners benefiting most from the initial low-rate environment, especially in FRM regimes. Finally, we show that the preferred monetary tightening path is regime-dependent, as a policy counterfactual reveals that FRM-dominant economies benefit more from a shorter and sharper tightening schedule. |
| Keywords: | housing; mortgages; monetary policy; heterogeneous agents; inflation |
| JEL: | D31 E21 E52 |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedlwp:101282 |
| By: | Cai, Zhengyu; Yan, Yu |
| Abstract: | This paper empirically examines the causal effects of population concentration on household consumption in China and explores the underlying mechanisms. After addressing endogeneity concerns from various sources, our results show that a 1% increase in urban population density leads to a 0.43 percentage point increase in household average propensity to consume and a 59.73 yuan increase in per capita consumption expenditure. Mechanism analysis reveals that, beyond the effects of urban income premiums, population density reduces consumption transaction costs and enhances social interactions, both of which encourage higher consumption. Additionally, population density raises non-housing consumption among some households by driving up housing prices. |
| Keywords: | population density, household consumption, transaction costs, social interactions, housing prices |
| JEL: | R12 R23 D12 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1631 |
| By: | Souhaila Hachmi (MADEO Laboratory - Higher School of Technology-Oujda, Mohammed I University); Hajar El Makhad (MADEO Laboratory - Higher School of Technology-Oujda, Mohammed I University); Rahhal Lahrach (MADEO Laboratory - Higher School of Technology-Oujda, Mohammed I University); Nadia Tamouh (MADEO Laboratory - Higher School of Technology-Oujda, Mohammed I University) |
| Abstract: | In conclusion, we add that a better performance of the regions needs to reduce disparities, especially those of an economic, social and educational nature, a reduction in the effects of disparities requires, among other things, the promotion of public policies and public actions that arise from the regions in the context of a participatory approach that includes all stakeholders (institutions, local authorities, researchers, experts, etc.), local authorities, researchers, experts, etc.) and bearing in mind the specific characteristics and challenges of these regions, rather than adopting policies that are ready to be adopted and applied to all the regions and that are far from taking into account the realities and challenges of each of them. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05078268 |
| By: | Claudia Godbout; Yang Xu; Adam Su |
| Abstract: | We update an assessment of potential changes in payments that mortgage holders could face at renewal in 2025 and 2026. We use an enhanced dataset (RESL2) that provides a more accurate starting point for mortgage balances. |
| Keywords: | Credit and credit aggregates; Financial institutions; Financial stability; Housing; Interest rates; Recent economic and financial developments |
| JEL: | D12 D14 G21 G28 R20 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocsan:25-21 |
| By: | Alejandro Bayas; Nicolas Grau; Esteban Puentes |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes a substantial decline in juvenile delinquency in Chile over a short period. Using administrative data linking educational and criminal justice records, we compare the outcomes of male cohorts born in 1996 and 2001. We find that the probability of being prosecuted by age 17 fell by approximately 31% between these cohorts. Employing a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, we show that about 24% of the decline is associated with compositional changes in variables such as peer academic performance and maternal education. The explained share is larger for violent crimes (35%) than for non violent crimes (19%). Our findings suggest that improvements in the educational and social environments played an important role in the decline of youth criminal behavior. These results highlight the relevance of early educational investments in shaping long-term crime outcomes and suggest that schools can serve as critical platforms for crime prevention efforts. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:udc:wpaper:wp565 |
| By: | Baron, Juan; Mola, José; Pineda, Astrid Camille; Polanco Santos, Paola Patricia |
| Abstract: | This paper quantifies learning losses between 2020 and 2022 in the Dominican Republic, an upper-middle-income country. The paper uses data from a sample of ninth-grade students who benefited from computer adaptive learning software during this period. This study is among a few to measure actual losses among secondary school students, and it is the first to use detailed data on students’ mastery of individual math topics to do so. The findings show no evidence of learning losses in our analysis sample. However, the paper documents concerningly low learning levels, with the average student mastering only 45 percent of pre-requisite topics for their grade. These results should be interpreted with caution, as they are based on a select sample of urban schools and may not fully reflect broader educational trends across the country. |
| Date: | 2025–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11144 |
| By: | Marinucci, Marco; Schaefer, Christoph Daniel (Kiel University); Dupont, Pier-Luc; Manley, David; Taylor, Laura K.; McKeown, Shelley (University of Bristol) |
| Abstract: | Recent advances in intergroup contact research have drawn on methods from human geography to investigate how segregation shapes, and is shaped by, everyday intergroup experiences. Emerging findings suggest that the phenomena might be reciprocally intertwined, but empirical evidence is limited and mixed. This research tested the reciprocal relationship between everyday intergroup contact and segregation using ecological momentary assessment and GPS-GIS tracking in two segregated UK cities with youth aged 15–17. Study 1 (Belfast; nparticipants=15; ninteractions=115; nGPS-point=633) focused on Catholics-Protestants divisions, and Study 2 (Bradford; nparticipants=30; ninteractions=334; nGPS-point=2868) addressed ethnic segregation among Asian, White, and Black communities. In both studies, youths reported on social interactions throughout six days, while their urban mobility in outgroup spaces was tracked. In Belfast, more mixed districts predicted higher anxiety during intergroup interactions, yet positive intergroup contact was followed by increased visits to outgroup spaces. In Bradford, mixed districts increased the likelihood (but not the quality) of intergroup contact, while the link between positive contact and subsequent outgroup space use was replicated. The findings highlight a virtuous cycle depending on contextual norms by which positive contact and desegregation practices might reinforce each other, arguably demonstrating the potential of intergroup contact for levelling urban divisions. |
| Date: | 2025–07–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3tnrz_v1 |
| By: | Giunti, Sara (University of Milan); Guariso, Andrea (University of Milan Bicocca); Mendola, Mariapia (University of Milan Bicocca); Solmone, Irene (Bocconi University) |
| Abstract: | In advanced economies, increasing population diversity often fuels hostile attitudes toward immigrants and political polarization. We study a short educational program for high-school students aimed at promoting cultural diversity and improving attitudes toward immigration through active learning. To identify the impact of the program, we designed a randomized controlled trial involving 4, 500 students from 252 classes across 40 schools in northern Italy. The program led to more positive attitudes and behaviors toward immigrants, especially in more mixed classes. In terms of mechanisms, the intervention reduced students’ misperception and changed their perceived norms toward immigration, while it had no impact on implicit bias, empathy, or social contacts. Our findings suggest that anti-immigrant attitudes are primarily driven by sociotropic concerns rather than individual intergroup experience, and that educational programs combining critical thinking with cross-group discussion can correct them. |
| Keywords: | social inclusion policy, ethnic stereotypes, immigration attitudes, impact evaluation |
| JEL: | F22 J15 F68 H53 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17978 |
| By: | Karen Clay; Grant Miller; Margarita Portnykh; Ethan J. Schmick |
| Abstract: | Early twentieth century efforts to overhaul the quality of medical education in the United States (principally between 1905 and 1915 – the “Flexner Report Era”) led to a steep decline in the number of medical schools and medical school graduates. In this paper, we examine the consequences of these medical school closures be- tween 1900 and 1930 for county-level physicians, nurses, and midwives per capita as well as for infant, non-infant, and total mortality. To do so, we construct a school closure intensity measure for all counties in the United States, combining variation in (i) distance from closures, (ii) the historical number of graduates from closing schools, and (iii) the timing of closures. Nearby medical school closures (within 300 miles) led to a 4% reduction in physicians per capita, even after physician market adjustment through physician migration and postponed retirement. Strikingly, we find that medical school closures led infant mortality rates to decline by 8% and non- infant mortality rates to decline by 4%, suggesting that reducing the supply of poorly trained physicians may have reduced mortality. |
| JEL: | I11 I18 N31 N32 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33937 |
| By: | Anjali Adukia; Emileigh Harrison |
| Abstract: | Curricula impart knowledge, instill values, and shape collective memory. Despite growing public funding for religious schools through U.S. school choice programs, little is known about what they teach. We examine textbooks from public schools, religious private schools, and home schools, applying computational methods -- including the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools -- to measure the presence and portrayal of people, topics, and values over time. Despite narratives of political polarization, our findings reveal few meaningful differences between public school textbooks from Texas and California. However, religious school textbooks have less female representation, feature lighter-skinned individuals, and portray topics like evolution and religion differently. Over one-third of pages in each collection convey character values, with a higher proportion in religious school textbooks. Important similarities also emerge: all textbook collections rarely include LGBTQIA+ discussion, portray females in more positive but less active or powerful contexts than males, and depict the U.S. founding era and slavery in similar contexts. |
| Keywords: | curricula, education policy, religious education, public school education, diversity and inclusion in education, artificial intelligence tools, computational social science, content analysis |
| JEL: | I20 I21 I28 J15 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11965 |
| By: | Mark Borgschulte; Heepyung Cho; Darren Lubotsky; Jonathan L. Rothbaum |
| Abstract: | We estimate the causal impacts of immigration to U.S. cities on the intergenerational economic mobility of children of U.S.-born parents. Immigration raises the educational attainment and earnings among individuals who grew up in poorer households and reduces the earnings, educational attainment, and employment among those who grew up in more affluent households. On net, immigration diminishes the link between parents' and their children's economic outcomes in the receiving population, and thus increases intergenerational mobility. The increase in mobility is strikingly similar in models estimated across cities and in within-city models that control for the trajectories of immigrant destinations. |
| JEL: | J15 J31 J62 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33961 |
| By: | Backes, Annika; Kovač, Dejan |
| Abstract: | Using the universe of high school and college admissions data in Croatia, we geocoded nearly half a million students' residential addresses to investigate how their college and major choices are influenced by older neighbors and peers. Using an RDD to exploit time and program variation in admission cutoffs, we find that having an older neighbor who was admitted to and enrolled in a program increases a student's probability of applying to the program by about 20%. We find that this effect consistently holds only for the closest neighbors, both in terms of distance and age difference. Female students are more likely to be influenced by older neighbors' choices, and male older neighbors' admission has a larger impact on both male and female students compared to female older neighbors. The effect is stronger if the student-neighbor pair lives in a region that does not have its own university, implying that the value of information in rural areas is higher. We find evidence that students don't follow their older neighbors to less competitive programs; instead, they are more likely to apply for the same programs their older neighbors were admitted to when the program is more prestigious. Next, we utilize the variation in weight scheme of Croatia's college study programs to show evidence, beyond college choices, of how older neighbors affect the human capital formation of their younger peers. The main channel through which we observe this effect is during high school, through specialization in the subjects needed to gain admittance to older neighbors' college programs. These findings shed light on the intricate dynamics shaping educational decisions and underscores the significant role older neighbors play in guiding younger peers toward specific academic pathways. |
| Keywords: | college-major choice, human capital accumulation, neighbors, peer effects |
| JEL: | D83 I23 I24 O15 R23 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:319913 |
| By: | Samantha dup Shampine |
| Abstract: | The rate at which older households changed residences dropped 11.1% from 2019 to 2023, while the decline among younger households was 7.8%. On average, older households have 2.4 bedroom per person in the home. The number of households in which adult children have moved in with their parents is increasing rapidly. |
| Keywords: | household mobility; multigenerational living; housing market; multifamily housing; accessory dwelling units |
| JEL: | R21 R31 |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedbcq:101207 |
| By: | Lukas Hofmann (University of Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute); Martijn Dröes (University of Amsterdam); Marc Francke (University of Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of land subsidence -- the gradual sinking of the Earth's surface -- on property values. Subsidence can negatively affect real estate by damaging building foundations and increasing vulnerability to flooding. Using detailed property transaction data from the Netherlands, combined with high-resolution geospatial data on both current and projected subsidence and flood risk, we find that properties currently experiencing subsidence sell at a 0.8% discount when built on foundations susceptible to damage. Additionally, flood-prone properties projected to experience future subsidence sell for 1.5% less. Compared to the actual costs and occurrence of these risks, our findings suggest that homeowners tend to underestimate the risks associated with foundation damage while overestimating the threat of future flooding. |
| Keywords: | Land subsidence, property prices, climate risk, risk perception |
| JEL: | G10 Q54 R30 |
| Date: | 2025–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20250040 |
| By: | Engelbert Stockhammer; Ben Tippet; Karsten Kohler |
| Abstract: | Since the Global Financial Crisis, there is a growing literature on the Comparative Political Economy (CPE) of housing, but it has not systematically incorporated boom-bust cycles in house prices. This matters as cycles in house prices are large relative to their trend and the intensity of house price cycles differs across countries. Bringing Minskyan and behavioural theories of endogenous financial cycles to CPE, this paper argues that the intensity of house price booms and busts is shaped by institutions that encourage speculative behaviour. In an empirical analysis for 23 OECD countries, the paper explores the role of speculation-encouraging institutions, credit permissiveness, welfare state regimes and macroeconomic policy as potential factors. We find that low capital gains taxes and strong landlord-protection policies that may push households onto the property ladder are linked to more intense house price booms and busts. |
| Keywords: | Comparative Political Economy, growth models, financial cycles, housing, house price cycles |
| JEL: | E32 N10 P50 R30 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pke:wpaper:pkwp2516 |
| By: | Jonathan Schroeder |
| Abstract: | OSCILAT (Optimized Spatial Census Information Linked Across Time) is a data set that provides high-quality georefence information for 1990, 2000, and 2010 U.S. decennial census microdata for both persons and housing units, including Puerto Rico in 2000 and 2010. The data set includes two types of georeference information: (1) optimized geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) and (2) census block identifiers. Each of these types of information is “linked across time†in a different way. First, the optimized geographic coordinates are derived, wherever possible, from the most recent corresponding source of census spatial information, e.g., by “linking†a 1990 microdata record to coordinates for the corresponding address in the 2020 Master Address File Extract (MAFX). Second, OSCILAT “links†every microdata record to multiple census years’ geographic units by identifying not only a contemporary block ID (e.g., the 2000 block where a 2000 census respondent resided) but also 2010 and 2020 block IDs (e.g., the 2010 and 2020 blocks where a 2000 census respondent resided). These block IDs can be used to associate 1990, 2000 or 2010 census responses with any higher level of 2010 or 2020 census geography (census tracts, counties, etc.), thereby facilitating longitudinal comparison with consistent spatial units. |
| Keywords: | Decennial, MAFX |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:tnotes:25-16 |
| By: | Mills, Jackson |
| Abstract: | This report details the process of geospatially mapping every heavy rail, light rail, and bus rapid transit expansion in the United States from the years 2000 to 2024. We outline the protocol that was developed for this project and explain the steps that were taken to produce route and stop shapefiles for 148 transit openings and extensions. We address some of the challenges we encountered. We also produce a series of visualizations to illustrate trends in the geographic and modal distribution of transit projects in the United States over the last 25 years. In mapping these expansions, we hope to provide researchers with the requisite information to be able to conduct a wide range of studies that examine multiple types of effects associated with public transit on a wider scale. Such analysis could be conducted on a transit line- or stop-based level, which are the two shapefiles produced for each transit extension in this project. The shapefiles could be modified with catchment areas to examine a transit system’s impact within a specified geographic area around the transit line or stop(s). Temporally, researchers could analyze the effects of transit expansion on various co-benefits by comparing outcomes before and after the extension opened. By providing the geospatial data, sourcing, and explanations for research practices used in this project, our work serves as a foundation for many types of studies that examine public transit-related outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Digital mapping, GIS, Public transit, Fixed routes, Transit stops, Transit schedules, Transit data |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt1xz8s32t |
| By: | Knetsch, Thomas A.; Micheli, Martin; Kafke, Phil; Schimmelpfennig, Mario |
| Abstract: | We develop a statistical-methodological framework for a set of core commercial real estate market indicators, which consists of a market price index, a gross rent index, and a net rental yield index as well a vacancy rate. We argue that the indicators should be (macro-)consistent, meaning that the asset valuation relation between the market price, rental income, yield and vacant space of an individual property carries over to the macro indicators. In case of a bottom-up compilation of all indicators, macro-consistency is met if (1) target universes are common, (2) the granular data source is complete and (3) price and rental yield indices are weighted with capital value shares while the rent index and the aggregate vacancy rate are weighted by rental income shares. We exemplify the established statistical-methodological framework by compiling a consistent set of annual indicators of the German office market using appraisal data from a real estate consulting company. |
| Keywords: | price index, rent index, rental yield index, vacancy rate |
| JEL: | C43 R33 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bubdps:319619 |
| By: | Jensen, Mathias Fjællegaard; Manning, Alan |
| Abstract: | In Europe, the children of migrants often have worse economic outcomes than those with local-born parents. This paper shows that children born in Denmark with immigrant parents (first-generation locals) have lower earnings, higher unemployment, less education, more welfare transfers, and more criminal convictions than children with local-born parents. However, when we condition on parental socioeconomic characteristics, first-generation locals generally perform as well or slightly better than the children of locals. While children of immigrants are more likely to come from deprived backgrounds, they do not experience substantially different outcomes conditional on parental background. |
| JEL: | I38 J13 J15 J31 J82 |
| Date: | 2025–07–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126521 |
| By: | Dion, Francois PhD; Yang, Mingyuan; Patire, Anthony PhD |
| Abstract: | Determining where trucks are traveling is crucial for planning and maintaining transportation networks. In California, information about truck movements is primarily derived from a network of fixed monitoring stations. These include weigh-in-motion stations (truck scales) and traffic count stations. Information from these locations can be used to classify passing trucks (light, medium, or heavy-duty), determine their travel direction, and estimate their proportion of the general traffic; however, the data provides limited information about trip origins and destinations and the routes taken in between stations. Estimating truck movements within a region thus largely depends on extrapolating data between known collection points. While this can be done with relative ease in simple networks containing few alternate routes, it can be a difficult task in complex networks without significantly increasing the number of fixed monitoring stations. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2025–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt7891z02q |
| By: | Shyamal Chowdhury (Australian National University); Manuela Puente Beccar (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn); Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch (Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn); Sebastian O. Schneider (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn); Matthias Sutter (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn) |
| Abstract: | We investigate how strongly the local environment beyond the family can contribute to understanding the formation of children’s economic preferences. Building on precise geolocation data for around 6000 children, we use fixed effects, spatial autoregressive models and Kriging to capture the relation between the local environment and children’s preferences. The spatial models explain a considerable part of so far unexplained variation in preferences. Moreover, the “spatial stability†of preferences exceeds the village level. Our results highlight the importance of the local environment for the formation of children’s preferences, which we quantify to be as large as that of parental preferences. |
| Keywords: | skill formation, spatial models, kriging, local environment, patience, risk attitudes, prosociality, experiments with children, Bangladesh |
| JEL: | D01 C21 C99 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpg:wpaper:2025_10 |
| By: | Sigurd Galaasen; Andreas R. Kostøl; Joan Monras; Jonathan Vogel |
| Abstract: | What is the effect of immigration on native labor-market outcomes? An extensive literature identifies the differential impact of immigration on natives employed in jobs that are more exposed to immigrant labor (supply exposure). But immigrants consume in addition to producing output. Despite this, no literature identifies the impact on natives employed in jobs that are more exposed to immigrant consumption (demand exposure). We study native labor-market effects of supply and demand exposures to immigration. Theoretically, we formalize both measures of exposure and solve for their effects on native wages. Empirically, we combine employer-employee data with a newly collected dataset covering electronic payments for the universe of residents in Norway to measure supply and demand exposures of all native workers to immigration induced by EU expansions in 2004 and 2007. We find large, positive, and persistent effects of demand exposure to EU expansion on native worker income. |
| JEL: | F0 J0 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33930 |
| By: | Clément Nedoncelle; Léa Marchal; Amandine Aubry; Jérôme Héricourt |
| Abstract: | The impact of immigration on native workers’ wages has been a long-standing debate in labour and international economics. This meta-analysis synthesises findings from 88 studies published between 1985 and 2023, providing a comprehensive assessment of reduced-form estimates of the wage effect of immigration. Our results align with the existing literature, showing that the average wage effect is centred around zero, with substantial heterogeneity across studies. We highlight the critical role of contexts and methodological choices in shaping wage estimates. In particular, we find that shift-share instrumental variables correct for an upward bias of the OLS. Our findings emphasise the need for replication studies and greater transparency in methodological choices. |
| Keywords: | Immigration;Labour Market;Meta-Analysis;Wage |
| JEL: | C80 J61 J15 J31 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cii:cepidt:2025-07 |
| By: | Julien Senn; Jan Schmitz; Christian Zehnder |
| Abstract: | Using a large-scale real effort experiment, we explore whether and how different peer assignment mechanisms affect worker performance and stress. Letting individuals choose whom to compare to increases productivity to the same extent as a targeted exogenous matching policy designed to maximize motivational spillovers. These effects are significantly larger than those obtained through random assignment and their magnitude is comparable to the impact of an increase in pay of about 10 percent. A downside of targeted peer assignment is that, unlike endogenous peer selection, it leads to a large increase in stress. The key advantage of letting workers choose whom to compare to is that it allows those workers who want to be motivated to compare to a motivating peer while also permitting those for whom social comparisons have little benefits or are too stressful to avoid them. Finally, we show that social comparisons yield stronger motivational effects than comparable non-social goals. |
| Keywords: | social comparisons, productivity, stress, incentives, real effort |
| JEL: | C93 J24 M54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11972 |
| By: | Maxime Huré (CDED - Centre de Droit Economique et du Développement - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia); Arnaud Passalacqua (LIED (UMR_8236) - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité, LAB'URBA - LAB'URBA - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel); Philippe Poinsot (LVMT - Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Gustave Eiffel, EUP - École d'urbanisme de Paris - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel) |
| Abstract: | France is one of the countries where the phenomenon of fare-free public transport is most active, particularly in Europe. This public policy has given rise to controversy over its environmental, social and urban effects. This article offers a different way of discussing the phenomenon. It paints a picture of the phenomenon and then traces its origins back to the emergence of urban crises that began in the 1970s. Finally, it looks back at the major issues associated with this policy, showing that they reflect questions facing cities more widely today. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04791253 |
| By: | Karinna Saxby (The Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne); Thomas Buchmueller (Ross School of Business, University of Michigan); Sonja C. de New (Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, IZA, RWI); Dennis Petrie (Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University) |
| Abstract: | Poor mental health is a major global health issue, with many countries documenting high levels of unmet need and regional disparities in mental healthcare utilization. To determine how best to address these disparities, it is important to understand what drives regional variation. Using Census-linked microdata from Australia, we exploit cross-region migration to identify the extent to which patient and place factors drive regional variation in utilization of mental healthcare services and mental health prescriptions (antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics). We find that place factors account for approximately 72% and 19% of the regional variation in utilization of mental healthcare services and mental health prescriptions, respectively, with the rest reflecting patient-related demand. We also find suggestive evidence that larger place effects predict fewer mental health related ED presentations, self-harm hospitalizations, and suicides. Altogether, our findings suggest there is inadequate and inequitable supply in regions with low utilization, rather than inefficiently high utilization in high utilization regions. |
| Keywords: | healthcare supply, healthcare demand, mental health, regional variation, suicide |
| JEL: | H51 I11 I13 I14 I18 J18 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mhe:chemon:2025-11 |
| By: | María Esther Caballero; Giuseppe Ippedico; Giovanni Peri |
| Abstract: | We study how the US presidential election of 2016 affected the subsequent inflow of Mexican-born immigrants. We use the “Matricula Consular de Alta Seguridad” data to construct proxies for annual inflows and internal movements of Mexican-born individuals, including undocumented immigrants, across US commuting zones. We find that a 10-percentage point increase in the Republican vote share in a commuting zone reduced inflows by 1.8 percent after the 2016 Trump election. The internal relocation of established Mexican immigrants primarily explains this reduction, though inflows of new immigrants decreased as well. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:not:notnic:2025-10 |
| By: | Berlanda, Andrea (University of Padua); Lodigiani, Elisabetta (University of Padova); Rocco, Lorenzo (University of Padova) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we use the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), complemented with register data on the share of the foreign population in the European regions, to examine the effects of migration on the level of informal care provided by children to their senior parents. Our main results show that migration decreases informal care among daughters with a university degree, while it increases the provision of informal care among daughters with low-to-medium levels of education. Viceversa, migration has practically no effect on sons' care provision who remain little involved in care activities. These results depend on the combination of two supply effects. First, migration increases the supply of domestic and personal services, making formal care more affordable and available. Second, as immigrants compete with low-to-medium-educated native workers, while improve the labor market opportunities of the better educated, the supply of informal care can increase among the less educated daughters and decrease among the more educated. |
| Keywords: | immigration, home production, caregiving, Europe |
| JEL: | F22 J14 J22 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17984 |
| By: | Nicola Fontana |
| Abstract: | Urbanization has transformed cities into the economic hubs of high-income countries, yet concerns about declining social capital persist. This paper investigates the impact of changes in neighbourhood composition on social capital within London. I show how neighbourhoods with higher short-term renting penetration experience a reduction in charitable organizations and increased feelings of loneliness. These results cannot be attributed uniquely to a change of composition in the long-term residents, but they also reflect changes in the behaviours of residents. Moreover, I find that higher short-term renting penetration is associated with a decrease in neighbourhood quality. |
| Keywords: | civic engagement, social capital, short-term renting |
| Date: | 2025–07–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2113 |
| By: | Zhen Ni (European Commission - JRC); Testa Giuseppina; Compano Ramon (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | "Using deal-level micro data from the Dealroom database, we construct a dynamic co-investment syndication network to examine the influence of cultural proximity and geospatial proximity between investors and start-ups, as well as the network position of global VC firms on investment decisions in European-based start-ups. By applying a linear probability regression model with high-dimensional fixed effects over the period 2015-2022, we confirm that both cultural and spatial proximity significantly facilitate VC investment. Moreover, our analysis reveals that a prominent network position â characterized by how well-connected (degree centrality) and how influential (Katz centrality) within the co-investment networkâ substantially enhances VC investments on account of the facilitated sharing of information, contacts, and resources among investors. Furthermore, our findings reveal that small-world networks, characterized by high clustering coefficients, facilitate investments in distant start-ups, helping to overcome spatial constraintsâan aspect largely overlooked in the literature. Small-world syndication networks foster trust among members, complementing each other through differentiation and specialization in industrial knowledge and local markets, potentially altering risk-averse behaviour and enabling investments that transcend geographical boundaries." |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:wpaper:202502 |
| By: | Jan Carlo B. PunongbayanD (School of Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman); Jefferson A. Arapoc (Department of Economics, University of the Philippines Los Baños) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the consequences of college students pursuing degree programs that do not align with the tracks and strands they selected in senior high school. We utilize a unique dataset that links admissions and enrollment records from the University of the Philippines Diliman to investigate whether this mismatch affects students’ academic performance. Using propensity score matching, we do not find evidence of a grade penalty for most degree programs. However, we estimate a significant grade penalty specifically for mismatch in science and engineering programs, where a strong background in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) strand is expected and in fact necessary for academic performance; i.e., students who did not come from the STEM strand tend to perform worse. These findings suggest that the choice of a SHS strand may maLer in some fields more than others, raising important questions about how SHS tracks are offered and how college admissions policies take high school backgrounds into account. |
| Keywords: | college performance; K to 12; mismatch; grade penalty; propensity score matching |
| JEL: | I21 I23 I28 J24 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phs:dpaper:202503 |
| By: | Thomas de Graaff (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute); Elisa Panzera (Politecnico di Milano); Henri L. F. de Groot (University of Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute) |
| Abstract: | This meta-analysis summarizes and explains the variation in the deterring effect of distance on tourism flows by analyzing 870 estimates from 139 primary studies utilizing data covering the last 25 years. We find substantial heterogeneity among studies that mostly correlates with (unobserved) study characteristics, estimation methods, and locations of origin and destination. We confirm previous findings that the mean total distance-decay effect, using preferred methods and datastructures, is close to a unit elasticity in absolute value (-0.99). However, when controlling for mediator variables, we find that the direct, physical, distance-decay effect is significantly lower (-0.83). This distance-decay effect is remarkably stable over the last 25 years and reveals a positive relation between distance and the total amount of tourists. |
| Keywords: | Meta-analysis, distance-decay, tourism flows, gravity models |
| JEL: | R11 Z32 |
| Date: | 2025–04–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20250031 |
| By: | S. Shuyang You; L. Wang (Audencia Business School); K. Zheng Zhou; L. Liangding Jia |
| Abstract: | While geography-related factors are critical to determining the functioning of networks, prior studies have overlooked how they may shape the impact of structural holes on firm innovation. Building on structural hole theory and the industrial cluster literature, we propose that structural holes negatively influence firm innovation in industrial clusters. Such negative impact can be attributed to broker firms' social and political embeddedness in these clusters, and is thus moderated by social factors (i.e., local information density and intra-cluster partner ratio) and political factors (i.e., local government coordination and political connection importance). Our predictions receive support from a matched sample of on-site survey and secondary data from 221 firms in industrial clusters in China. This study contributes to structural hole theory by incorporating geographic factors and offers important implications for policymakers aiming to promote firm innovation. |
| Keywords: | Structural holes, Innovation, Industrial clusters, Social embeddedness, Political embeddedness |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05133753 |
| By: | Ramji, Aditya |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4vk7g59h |
| By: | Magnus Neubert (Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies and Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg); Stefan Nikolić (Loughborough University) |
| Abstract: | Are railways always a harbinger of prosperity? We examine the economic effects of railways in Bosnia-Herzegovina under Habsburg colonial rule. Our novel dataset consistently tracks the non-agrarian population share of over 4, 500 settlements in Habsburg Bosnia in 1885, 1895, and 1910, based on census records. Applying the inconsequential units approach, with least cost paths as our instrumental variable, we estimate the effect of railway access on structural transformation. Normal-gauge railways deindustrialized Bosnian settlements by exposing local crafts to imperial competition. Narrow-gauge railways accelerated structural transformation temporarily, primarily by attracting foreigners. Narrow-gauge railways had a more sustained impact on structural transformation in settlements endowed with human capital and secured by law enforcement. Our findings suggest colonial railways are no silver bullet for economic development; transport infrastructure requires development prerequisites to have a lasting positive effect. |
| Keywords: | railways, occupational structure, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Habsburg Empire |
| JEL: | I25 J21 N94 O18 R11 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hes:wpaper:0280 |
| By: | Kuang, Pei; Luca, Davide; Wei, Zhiwu |
| Abstract: | Does political polarisation influence actual economic behaviours? Using British nationally representative surveys and administrative data, we document how the Brexit referendum triggered stark divergences in individual micro and macro expectations between Leave and Remain supporters. Compared to existing research, we show how these polarising effects were driven by a specific policy issue and mostly unrelated to traditional partisan identities. We also demonstrate how these diverging beliefs influenced major real financial decisions. Leavers became more likely to purchase durable goods and engage in housing transactions, and areas with higher proportions of Leave voters experienced increased housing transaction volumes and rising prices. |
| Keywords: | Political Polarisation, Brexit, Expectations, Spending Intentions, Housing Transactions |
| JEL: | E00 E03 H00 H77 R31 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125104 |
| By: | Vojtech Bartos; Urlich Glogowsky; Johannes Rincke |
| Abstract: | We demonstrate that racial biases against tutors hinder learning. In e-learning experiments, U.S. conservatives are more likely to disregard advice from Black tutors, resulting in reduced performance compared to learners taught by white tutors. We show that the bias is unconscious and, consequently, does not skew tutor selection. In line with our theory, the bias disappears when the stakes are high. In contrast, liberals favor Black tutors without experiencing learning disparities. Methodologically, we contribute by using video post-production techniques to manipulate tutor race without introducing typical confounds. Additionally, we develop a novel two-stage design that simultaneously measures tutor selection, learning, and productivity. |
| Keywords: | Discrimination; racial bias; advice-seeking; online experiment |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jku:econwp:2025-08 |
| By: | Mikula, Stepan (Masaryk University); Reggiani, Tommaso G. (Cardiff University); Sabatini, Fabio (Sapienza University of Rome) |
| Abstract: | We exploit a historical experiment that occurred in Czechoslovakia after World War Two to study the drivers of social capital accumulation in an extremely unfavorable environment. Between 1945 and 1948, the Sudetenland became the scene of ethnic cleansing, with the expulsion of nearly three million German speakers and the simultaneous influx of nearly two million resettlers. Focusing on the areas where at least 90% of the population was forced to leave, we show that the municipalities hosting a church built before 1945 developed significantly higher social capital under the communist rule, which persisted after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. The heterogeneity of effects reveals that the longer a resident pastor served in a parish, the more civic capital emerged in the municipality after the Velvet Revolution, suggesting that the social interactions facilitated by pastors were crucial in establishing the foundational layer for social capital in church-hosting communities. |
| Keywords: | social capital, forced migration, conflict, institutions, religion, transition countries |
| JEL: | D74 L31 N24 N44 N94 O15 Z12 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17981 |
| By: | Frédéric Docquier; Hillel Rapoport |
| Abstract: | We investigate the bidirectional relationship between immigration and right-wing populism, which we characterize as a self-reinforcing dynamic process where anti-immigrant rhetoric and populist policies lead to a deterioration in the average education and skill level of immigrants. The deterioration in the ratio of high-skill to low-skill immigrants in turn fuels populist support and anti-immigration attitudes, creating what we call “the vicious circle of xenophobia”. We review some historical and contemporary studies that are suggestive of such vicious circle. In particular, recent crosscountry evidence shows that low-skill immigration tends to exacerbate populism, while high-skill immigration tends to mitigate it. Conversely, populist policies and xenophobic attitudes have a strong repulsive effect on highly-skilled immigrants and result in adverse immigrant selection. We use the empirical results from those studies to inform a theoretical model of joint determination of immigrants’ skill-ratio and right-wing populism levels. The model displays multiple equilibria, with the inferior equilibrium – corresponding to our vicious circle – characterized by high levels of right-wing populism and a high proportion of low-skill workers among immigrants. In this framework, structural trends such as internet penetration, economic erosion of the middle class, demographic pressure from poor countries as well as adverse cyclical shocks make the good, efficient equilibrium less likely and the inferior equilibrium of explosive populism and deteriorated immigrants’ skill-ratio more likely. |
| Keywords: | Right-Wing Populism;Immigration;Vicious Circle |
| JEL: | D72 F22 F52 J61 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cii:cepidt:2025-06 |
| By: | Matsukura, Rikiya (Nihon University); Oshio, Takashi (Hitotsubashi University); Ueno, Yuko (Hitotsubashi University); Usui, Emiko (Hitotsubashi University) |
| Abstract: | Using original survey data from parents of children in kindergarten through junior high school in Tokyo, Japan, we find that parents exhibit stronger preferences for sons over daughters to participate in extracurricular STEM activities, with the gender gap widening as children age. Parents aspiring for their children to pursue STEM degrees prioritize science classes more, a preference more often directed toward boys. These gendered differences affect children’s early exposure to science. Since Japanese students choose between science and humanities tracks by eleventh grade, early disparities may limit girls’ opportunities. Promoting equal STEM access is crucial to reducing these gender gaps. |
| Keywords: | gender, STEM, science learning, Japan |
| JEL: | A21 I24 J13 J16 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17982 |
| By: | ANEGUE, Jean De Dieu |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of public decision-making regarding the allocation of primary education resources in the West Region. Using a Spatial Autoregressive Probit (SAR Probit) model, the results reveal two main findings. First, public decisions on the allocation of primary education resources exhibit spatial dependence. Second, these decisions are not influenced by the demand for education, but rather by political factors, the incidence of monetary poverty, and the availability of existing material educational resources. Based on these results, the main recommendation is that public authorities should consider equity-based criteria such as effective demand for education (population size or school-age population) and the socio-economic characteristics of populations in each district when designing and planning education policies. This approach would help ensure universal access to quality education, as targeted by the 2020–2030 National Development Strategy. |
| Keywords: | Public Decision of allocation, Educational Resources, Probit SAR model |
| JEL: | C21 I24 O15 |
| Date: | 2024–07–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125149 |
| By: | Tricarico, Luca; Hausemer, Pierre; Gorman, Nessa; Squillante, Francesca |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the concept of the Proximity Economy, a human-centered model focused on short value chains and social interactions within local contexts, as a strategic response to global challenges like climate change, supply chain disruptions, and the twin green and digital transitions. Amid ongoing crises, e.g., pandemic, economic, geopolitical, and environmental, reconceptualizing economic development paradigms is crucial for fostering resilient and sustainable solutions. The Proximity Economy integrates local production, distribution, and consumption, supporting sustainable innovation and the competitiveness of local enterprises. It aligns with the European Union’s industrial strategy and Sustainable Development Goals, such as climate action (SDG 13) and reducing inequalities (SDG 10). This paper reviews the socio-economic impacts of the Proximity Economy, considering its connections with the circular and social economies, and identifies relevant policies for its promotion at the European, national, and local levels. Through sectoral analysis and examples, the paper provides a framework for evaluating the economic, environmental, and social outcomes of this model, offering recommendations for its future development and implementation. |
| Keywords: | proximity; regional development; resilience; social innovation; sustainability; cohesion policy |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2025–07–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128633 |
| By: | Knoll, Anna Lena; Mikuni, Jan; Specker, Eva (Leibniz Instute for Knowledge Media (IWM)) |
| Abstract: | Placing art in urban spaces can make urban public environments more attractive and colourful by offering beautiful and restorative environments; This may invite people to spend time in the area and create opportunities for social engagement, and community development. In this observational study we collaborated with "Keine Galerie" (translating to "not a gallery"), a small window gallery in the city of Vienna (Austria) to address the following questions: Does the presence of publicly available art influence people’s behaviour (in terms of type, frequency, and duration) in an urban space? Does it enhance peoples’ social interactions, such as the amount of conversations in a group? To capture the impact of presence of art, we collected data during two exhibitions by two different artists at Keine Galerie (i.e. art conditions) as well as between exhibitions when no art was visible (i.e. control condition). We used observational methods to unobtrusively assess how pedestrians who were passing through the study area interact with their environment either with or without art. Our results showed that art being present invites passers-by to interact with the space more than when no art is present (no art vs. art conditions) but also that the type of art may matter (Ex.1 vs. Ex. 2), which influenced not just the amount of interactions but also which interactions took place. We discuss these quantitative and qualitative differences, also with regard to potential confounding factors (e.g. weather), and propose avenues for further research into the impact of art in public space. |
| Date: | 2025–07–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ywmht_v1 |
| By: | Allen IV, James |
| Abstract: | Overlap between school and farming calendars—pervasive in agrarian settings—constrains children’s time for both activities, potentially forcing trade-offs between schooling and child labor. Using shift-share estimation, I study an exogenous shift to overlap between school and crop calendars in Malawi, weighted and aggregated by communities’ pre-policy crop shares, matched to panel data on school-aged children. From pre- to post-policy, a five-day (i.e., one school-week) increase in overlap during peak farming periods decreases children’s school advancement by 0.14 grades—one lost grade for every seven children—while only resulting in 3.9 percent fewer children working on the household-farm. Policy simulations show how adapting the school calendar to minimize overlap with peak farming periods can be an effective strategy to increase school participation. |
| Keywords: | education; child labour; households; crop production; Malawi; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–01–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:138825 |
| By: | Kevin J. Mumford; Richard W. Patterson; Anthony Yim |
| Abstract: | What happens when college students cannot enroll in the courses they want? Using conditional random assignment to oversubscribed courses at a large public university, we find that a course shutout reduces the probability that a student ever takes any course in the corresponding subject by 30%. Course shutouts are particularly disruptive for female students, reducing women's cumulative GPAs, probability of majoring in STEM, on-time graduation, and early-career earnings. In contrast, shutouts do not appear to be disruptive to male students' long-run outcomes, with one exception—shutouts significantly increase the probability that men choose a major from the business school. |
| JEL: | I23 J16 J24 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33800 |
| By: | Luke Rawling (Queen's University) |
| Abstract: | Immigrants tend to have substantially worse labour market outcomes than Canadian-born workers. This paper provides an overview of immigrants in the Canadian labour market, describing the key barriers that can arise when changing cultures and labour markets and that can hinder immigrants from realizing their economic potential. It then summarizes the efforts Canada has made to alleviate these barriers and highlights some persistent challenges going forward, such as the current state of foreign credential recognition (FCR) and cautioning against the rise of the two-step immigration scheme. Finally, it offers some insights for future policy, such as a more rigorous evaluation of Canada’s Settlement Program, decreasing the disconnect between federal admission decisions and the perceptions of new immigrants by firms and regulatory bodies, and optimizing the points system. |
| Keywords: | immigration, Canada, labor market integration |
| JEL: | F15 J15 |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:wpaper:1537 |
| By: | Ekoh, Susan; Martin-Shields, Charles; Kitzmann, Carolin; Küssau, Nina; Pfeffer, Mario; Platen, Merle; Reinel, Theresa; Setrana, Mary Boatemaa; Appiah Kubi, Johnson Wilson; Effa, Stella |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses an existential threat to individuals and communities across the world. Populations with existing socio-economic vulnerabilities are the most affected, with people already experiencing climate-related losses and damages. Extreme weather events and other adverse impacts of climate change lead to forced displacement of populations to, from and within cities. Hence, building and supporting social cohesion in displacement contexts will be a key activity for development cooperation actors. This research study therefore explores these questions: How do the elements of social cohesion, trust, inclusive identity and cooperation for the common good, evolve within communities and across institutions in Accra's informal settlements? Additionally, what role do climate resilience efforts play in fostering or hampering vertical and horizontal social cohesion in Accra's informal settlements?Our findings suggest that limited institutional resilience efforts contribute to weak vertical cohesion between neighbourhoods and city authorities, undermining collective responses to climate challenges. The research emphasizes the need for a more integrated approach, whereby community-led initiatives and state interventions work together to strengthen resilience and social cohesion in Accra's informal settlements. |
| Keywords: | Urban Displacement, Social Cohesion, Climate Change, Ghana, Accra |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:319872 |
| By: | John C. Whitehead; Pamela Wicker |
| Abstract: | This study examines how changes in travel time affects participants’ intention to revisit a sport event and how willingness to travel (WTT) questions and resulting willingness to pay (WTP) estimates differ depending on the question format. The analysis relied on post-race online survey data of participants of a running event in the United States (n=592). WTT questions were assessed with payment card (multiple cost levels) and dichotomous choice formats (single cost level). Hypothetical travel cost increase was framed as additional travel time rather than travel distance. Results reveal that respondents are less likely to participate as travel time rises, while higher-income respondents are more likely to return. The payment card question format generates greater travel cost sensitivity than the dichotomous choice format, while yielding higher WTP estimates. The study introduced travel time as a valid payment vehicle and offered evidence of how different question formats affect WTT and WTP. Key Words: Intention to revisit; Monetary valuation; Sport event; Sport tourism; Travel cost; Willingness to pay |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:25-04 |
| By: | Jiang-Brittan , Shanshan |
| Keywords: | Education |
| Date: | 2025–07–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:cshedu:qt220157sj |
| By: | Brandon Goldstein; Julapa Jagtiani; Catharine Lemieux |
| Abstract: | We explore whether banks could leverage data and technology to expand their customer base without taking on more credit risk. Previous studies have not explored the impact of fintech partnerships on the quality of banks’ loan portfolios. Our analysis utilizes data on relevant bank– fintech partnerships and loan-level data from Y-14M reports. For credit cards, we find that banks that had fintech partnerships extended larger lines of credit to consumers with low credit scores or missing credit scores. We also find that credit card default rates declined among nonprime borrowers with missing credit scores. For mortgages, unlike credit cards, our sampled banks did not grant larger mortgage loans to nonprime borrowers, however, the fintech tools seem to have improved the effectiveness of banks’ credit decisions, resulting in a decline in mortgage default rates. Further analysis of the interest rate spread residual shows that, after gaining access to fintech tools, banks were better able to differentiate between nonprime borrowers that were good credit risks and those that were not. This was evident in the pricing of the loans after the banks entered partnerships. This allowed banks with access to fintech tools to attract creditworthy nonprime borrowers by giving them (appropriately) discounted mortgage rates relative to the traditional risk pricing models. Those banks continued to charge risky nonprime borrowers a large risk premium on their mortgages. Overall, fintech partnerships have made it possible for banks to offer a larger credit card line and charge a lower mortgage interest rate to some nonprime borrowers while seeing nonprime defaults decline on average |
| Keywords: | Fintech partnership; alternative data; AI; mortgage default; mortgage rate; credit limits |
| JEL: | G21 G28 G18 L21 |
| Date: | 2025–07–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedpwp:101251 |
| By: | Kenneth Coriale; Daniel A. Kolliner; Ethan Kaplan |
| Abstract: | We estimate the impact of a political party’s ability to unilaterally redistrict Congressional seats upon partisan seat share allocations in the U.S. House of Representatives. Controlling for stateXdecade and year effects, we find an 8.2 percentage point increase in the Republican House seat share in the three elections following Republican control over redistricting in the past two decades. We only find significant effects for Democrats in large states. Effects are one half of the average seat gap between the parties in the 2010s. Differences across parties reflect more denied trifectas due to an opposite party governor in Democratic states and greater impacts for Republicans in small states. Differences do not reflect a rise in racial gerrymandering. |
| JEL: | D72 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33801 |
| By: | Chloe Gibbs; Jocelyn S. Wikle; Riley Wilson |
| Abstract: | We leverage pronounced changes in the availability of public schooling for young children—through duration expansions to the kindergarten day—to better understand how an implicit childcare subsidy affects mothers and families. Exploiting full-day kindergarten variation across place and time from 1992 through 2022 and novel data on state-level policy changes, combined with a comparison of children of typical kindergarten age to older children, we measure effects on parental labor supply and family childcare expenses. Results suggest that families are responsive to these shifts. Full-day kindergarten expansions were responsible for as much as 24 percent of the growth in employment of mothers with kindergarten-aged children in this time frame. |
| JEL: | H75 I28 J13 J22 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33948 |
| By: | Tobias Korn; Jean Lacroix |
| Abstract: | This paper documents a new consequence of market integration: local reallocation, i.e., the exit of some workers from production even though employment increases in the same area and industry. Thanks to new data on over 150, 000 personal bankruptcies combined with detailed microcensus data from 19th-century Britain, we estimate the causal impact of railway access on employment growth and personal bankruptcies. Market integration increased both employment and bankruptcy probability solely in the manufacturing sector. Studying the mechanisms of local reallocation, we show that market integration increased the number and size of manufacturing firms that employed cheap, task-differentiated labour. Our results extend existing research focused primarily on reallocation either across sectors or across locations. |
| Keywords: | bankruptcies, market integration, reallocation, structural transformation |
| JEL: | N63 L16 O33 R40 K35 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11963 |
| By: | Höcker, Martin Christian; Voll, Kyra; Pfnür, Andreas; Schlüter, Jens |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:155494 |
| By: | Mignemi, Giuseppe; Chen, Yunxiao; Moustaki, Irini |
| Abstract: | Peer grading is an educational system in which students assess each other's work. It is commonly applied under Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) and offline classroom settings. With this system, instructors receive a reduced grading workload, and students enhance their understanding of course materials by grading others' work. Peer grading data have a complex dependence structure, for which all the peer grades may be dependent. This complex dependence structure is due to a network structure of peer grading, where each student can be viewed as a vertex of the network, and each peer grade serves as an edge connecting one student as a grader to another student as an examinee. This article introduces a latent variable model framework for analyzing peer grading data and develops a fully Bayesian procedure for its statistical inference. This framework has several advantages. First, when aggregating multiple peer grades, the average score and other simple summary statistics fail to account for grader effects and, thus, can be biased. The proposed approach produces more accurate model parameter estimates and, therefore, more accurate aggregated grades by modeling the heterogeneous grading behavior with latent variables. Second, the proposed method provides a way to assess each student's performance as a grader, which may be used to identify a pool of reliable graders or generate feedback to help students improve their grading. Third, our model may further provide insights into the peer grading system by answering questions such as whether a student who performs better in coursework also tends to be a more reliable grader. Finally, thanks to the Bayesian approach, uncertainty quantification is straightforward when inferring the student-specific latent variables as well as the structural parameters of the model. The proposed method is applied to two real-world datasets. |
| Keywords: | peer grading; rating model; cross-classified model; Bayesian modeling |
| JEL: | C1 |
| Date: | 2025–06–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128146 |
| By: | Frattini, Federico Fabio |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how concurrent national and local elections affect the local political participation and competition. Leveraging a quasi-experimental framework provided by Italy’s staggered electoral timing, the paper employs a difference-in-differences design. Estimates reveal that municipalities holding concurrent elections exhibit lower levels of local participation and competition. Moreover, the concurrent election increases participation by candidates with nationally-established parties, while decreases participation with independent parties. This further translates into a higher votes share for nationally-established parties and a consequent higher probability of election. Elected mayors tend to have lower education and experience in office, while they are more likely to be from the municipality they were elected in. Further, elected mayors are able to attract more intergovernmental transfers, without substantially affecting local spending patterns. |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Political Economy |
| Date: | 2025–07–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:359333 |
| By: | Davide M. Coluccia |
| Abstract: | I examine the impact of the Progressive-era Settlement movement on immigrant assimilation in the United States between 1880 and 1940. Settlements provided services such as job training and childcare to immigrants. Using an individual-level triple difference strategy based on cross-cohort and over-time variation in settlement exposure, I find that settlements increased labor force participation and income for men but not for women. These responses persisted into the generation exposed to settlements during childhood. The gendered effects stem from increased fertility and in-group marriage that excluded women from labor markets, particularly among immigrants from countries with more conservative gender norms. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:not:notnic:2025-03 |
| By: | Peter Zhixian Lin; Giovanni Peri |
| Abstract: | In the early 1940s, Japanese American farmers represented a highly skilled segment of the agricultural workforce in the Western United States, characterized by higher education levels and more specialized farming expertise than U.S.-born farmers. During World War II, around 110, 000 Japanese Americans (and 22, 000 agricultural workers among them) were forcibly relocated from an “exclusion zone” along the West Coast to internment camps. Most never returned to farming. Using county-level panel data from historical agricultural censuses and a triple-difference (DDD) estimation approach we find that, by 1960, counties in the exclusion zone experienced 12% lower cumulative growth in assessed farm value for each percentage point reduction of their 1940 share of Japanese farm workers, relative to counties outside the exclusion zone. These counties also lagged in farm revenues, adoption of high-value crops, mechanization, and adoption of commercial fertilizer. We present suggestive evidence of broader negative spillovers to local economic growth beyond the agricultural sector. Taken together, our findings highlight the long-run economic costs of this policy, illustrating how the loss of skilled farmers can reduce agricultural growth and, in a time of fast technological adoption, may have negative effects on the whole regional development. |
| JEL: | N42 N52 O15 Q15 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33971 |
| By: | Natalie Bau; Sara Lowes; Eduardo Montero |
| Abstract: | Culture shapes how policies are made and how people react to them. This chapter explores how culture and development policy affect each other. First, we provide evidence that cultural mismatch — specifically a mismatch between project manager background and the location of project implementation — is associated with the reduced success of World Bank projects. Second, drawing on historical and ethnographic work, we show that disregarding local cultural norms can undermine well-intentioned development policies. Third, we review economic research demonstrating that cultural practices systematically shape policy effectiveness, often leading to heterogeneous or unintended effects. Fourth, we discuss evidence that policies themselves can reshape cultural norms, sometimes in unexpected ways. Finally, we discuss research on tailoring interventions to the local context and conclude with lessons for future research. |
| JEL: | N0 O10 Z1 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33947 |
| By: | Yicong Lin (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute); André Lucas (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute); Shiqi Ye (AMSS Center for Forecasting Science) |
| Abstract: | We introduce a new time-varying parameter spatial matrix autoregressive model that integrates matrix-valued time series, heterogeneous spillover effects, outlier robustness, and time-varying parameters in one unified framework. The model allows for separate dynamic spatial spillover effects across both the row and column dimensions of the matrix-valued observations. Robustness is introduced through innovations that follow a (conditionally heteroskedastic) matrix Student's $t$ distribution. In addition, the proposed model nests many existing spatial autoregressive models, yet remains easy to estimate using standard maximum likelihood methods. We establish the stationarity and invertibility of the model and the consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator. Our simulations reveal that the latent time-varying two-way spatial spillover effects can be successfully recovered, even under severe model misspecification. The model's usefulness is illustrated both in-sample and out-of-sample using two different applications: one in international trade, and the other based on global stock market data. |
| Keywords: | matrix-valued time series; spatial autoregression; time-varying parame- ters; score-driven dynamics |
| JEL: | C31 C32 C58 |
| Date: | 2025–07–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20250042 |
| By: | Isaac Sorkin |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a framework to quantify racial disparities in earnings and employment that are not plausibly due to differences in productivity. Over an employment cycle, employers learn about worker productivity and workers move to more productive and less prejudiced employers. I use implications of this behavior to match high-tenure Black and white workers on unobservables. I look at matched pairs who lose their jobs in a mass layoff. Gaps in earnings and separations between these workers in their next jobs are not plausibly due to differences in productivity. Using U.S. data, earnings differences between these matched workers are five log points, about a quarter of the racial earnings gap among high-tenure workers. Similarly, matched Black workers are more likely to separate. |
| JEL: | J30 J63 J71 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33946 |
| By: | Hwang, Roland |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0nh1c41v |