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on Urban and Real Estate Economics |
| By: | Janine Boshoff; Stephen Machin; Matteo Sandi (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) |
| Abstract: | This paper combines ten years of idiosyncratic variation in school closure dates for all secondary schools in England with administrative records of educational and criminal trajectories linked at the individual level to study the impact of the school schedule on the dynamics of youth crime. When school is not in session, students commit more property offences, more serious violent offences and fewer minor violent offences. Thefts, robberies and violent assaults drive these effects. This is novel evidence of strong incapacitation effects from the protective factor of schooling which affects not only the incidence of violence, but also its severity. |
| Keywords: | Crime; School Attendance; Exclusion. |
| JEL: | I2 K14 K42 H44 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctc:serie1:def141 |
| By: | Tomoya Mori; Daisuke Murakami |
| Abstract: | This study develops a statistical model that integrates economic agglomeration theory and power-law distributions of city sizes to project future population distribution on 1-km grid cells. We focus on Japan -- a country at the forefront of rapid population decline. Drawing on official population projections and empirical patterns from past urban evolution in response to the development of high-speed rail and highway networks, we examine how ongoing demographic contraction and expected reductions in distance frictions may reshape urban geography. Our analysis suggests that urban economies will consolidate around fewer and larger cities, each of which will experience a flattening of population density as the decentralization of urban populations accelerates, while rural areas are expected to experience further depopulation as a result of these spatial and economic shifts. By identifying sustainable urban cores capable of anchoring regional economies, our model provides a framework for policymakers to manage population decline while maintaining resilience through optimized infrastructure and resource allocation focused on these key urban centers. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.08333 |
| By: | Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés; Bartalucci, Federico; Rau, Genadiy |
| Abstract: | This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the growing regional divide in Kazakhstan, examining the dimensions and implications of spatial inequality in a country that has experienced robust economic growth in recent decades. We employ convergence analysis, a Regional Development Trap Index, and a Regional Competitiveness Index to measure territorial inequalities across Kazakhstan. Our findings reveal that whilst the country has achieved relatively rapid aggregate economic growth, this has been accompanied by a widening territorial divide. Wealth and economic activities are becoming increasingly concentrated in major urban centres such as Almaty and Astana, whilst other regions —particularly those in the south— continue to lag significantly behind. These results highlight an increasingly polarised nation, where certain regions benefit from economic dynamism and Kazakhstan's international integration, whilst others remain trapped in low-growth equilibria. The article concludes by offering targeted policy recommendations aimed at promoting inclusive growth, enhancing regional competitiveness, and reducing spatial disparities throughout Kazakhstan. |
| Keywords: | regional inequalities; Kazakhstan; agglomeration economies; globalisation; convergence; development traps; regional competitiveness; spatial disparities; institutional quality; inclusive growth |
| JEL: | R11 O18 R58 P25 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128410 |
| By: | Martin, Chris; Aminpour, Fatemeh; Duff, Cameron; Stone, Wendy; valentine, kylie |
| Abstract: | What this research is about: this research Inquiry looked at how to change Australia's housing assistance system into one that supports 'housing pathways'. Housing policy makers often see 'pathways' as how households move between different tenancies and tenures, including social housing and emergency housing. However, it is useful to think of pathways as the different experiences households have with their housing and their housing aspirations. This helps us think about how housing assistance can support housing pathways and how the social housing system can better support households. Why this research is important: a better system for socially supported housing pathways could focus on supporting each person and household's needs and goals, rather than being constricted by access to a small number of social housing homes. With social housing getting much-needed extra funding, it is important to also improve how the system works with households that need help. |
| Date: | 2025–06–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:d4asg_v1 |
| By: | Amal, Nair; Sabyasachi, Tripathi |
| Abstract: | Rapid urbanization has catalyzed economic growth, especially for developing nations, and their urban populations have seen a dramatic rise, hence requiring an understanding of and policymaking on socioeconomic issues. The paper presents important factors that determine the population growth in major urban agglomerations around the world with over 5 million inhabitants. The determinants of urban population size in 2020 and population growth rates from 2010-2020 were analyzed using OLS and quantile regression models based on data with geographical, environmental, demographic, political, and infrastructural variables. The main results show that proximity to transportation infrastructure, annual temperature, initial population size, population density, and the number of educational institutions are essential facilitating factors for urban populations. In contrast, port city status, annual precipitation, and CO2 emissions show negative impacts. Many of these same factors are also significant in population growth rates, though state capital status and congestion in traffic flow negatively relate to growth. The results indicate a complex variety of factors that shape global urban growth and imply some policy directions for sustainable urban development investments in education, environmental protection, and transport infrastructure. This research contributes to understanding the dynamics of global urbanization. |
| Keywords: | Urban population growth, Demographic factors, Environmental variables, Infrastructure, Sustainable urban development. |
| JEL: | O18 R11 R12 |
| Date: | 2025–05–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124672 |
| By: | Barabasch, Anton (Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany); Cygan-Rehm, Kamila (Dresden University of Technology); Heineck, Guido (University of Bamberg); Vogler, Sebastian (Dresden University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines internal migration from a lifetime perspective using unique data on detailed residential biographies of individuals born in Germany between 1944 and 1986. We first describe life-cycle patterns of internal mobility and potential differences across space, time, and socio-demographic groups. We find substantial differences across the life course, with major location changes around important educational decisions and striking differences across groups, especially by educational attainment. We then investigate causality in the substantial education-mobility gradient. For identification, we exploit two policy-induced sources of variation, each shifting towards better education at a different margin of the ability distribution. Using a difference-in-differences and a regression discontinuity design, we find no effect of these policies on internal mobility. |
| Keywords: | compulsory schooling, education, Germany, internal migration, regional mobility, enrollment cutoffs |
| JEL: | I26 J61 R23 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17948 |
| By: | Moritz Breul; Miguel Atienza; Markus Grillitsch; Rhiannon Pugh |
| Abstract: | A major reason for the great interest in regional industrial path development (RIPD) is the associated hopes for positive regional development outcomes. However, up to now we know surprisingly little about the often mixed economic, social, and ecological effects of RIPD for regions. Existing studies on RIPD tend not to link to these outcomes. This special issue aims to improve our understanding of the conditions under which RIPD contributes to determining what kind of regional development and for whom. The introductory paper provides impulses how future research can link RIPD-dynamics to its broader developmental outcomes and poses urgent open questions. |
| Keywords: | regional industrial path development; path creation; sustainable development; regional development; Evolutionary Economic Geography |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2518 |
| By: | Lövgren, Linda (Department of Real Estate and Construction Management, Royal Institute of Technology); Söderberg, Inga-Lill (Department of Real Estate and Construction Management, Royal Institute of Technology); Vigren, Olli (Stanford University) |
| Abstract: | The lack of affordable housing is a longstanding global challenge. Addressing this issue requires not only technical solutions but also new social practices – social innovation. This article explores the role of social innovation in increasing access to affordable housing through a theory-focused literature review. We find that the concepts often lack clarity and theoretical grounding, making it difficult to measure innovation outcomes or guide practical implementation. We adopt the social innovation ecosystem framework developed by Audretsch et al. (2022) and discuss policy, finance, culture, supports, human capital, and market perspectives. We propose an expanded version of the framework, adapted specifically for affordable housing. It introduces two key additions: explicit identification of the social innovator and the integration of spatial concepts—space and place—to capture the inherently local nature of housing initiatives. This contribution aims to advance both social innovation theory and housing research, while also informing policy and practice. |
| Keywords: | social innovation; innovation; affordable housing; social housing |
| JEL: | O35 R21 R31 R38 R58 |
| Date: | 2025–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:kthrec:2025_006 |
| By: | Richard Disney; John Gathergood; Stephen Machin; Matteo Sandi (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) |
| Abstract: | “Right to Buy” (RTB) was a large-scale UK housing policy whereby incumbent tenants in public housing could buy their properties at heavily subsidised prices. The policy increased the national homeownership rate by over 10 percentage points between 1980 and the late 1990s. A key feature of RTB is that housing tenure changes did not involve residential mobility, as the policy bestowed homeownership on households in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in the public housing where they were already resident. This paper shows that exposure to RTB at birth significantly improved pupil performance in high-stakes exams and the likelihood to obtain a degree, while also improving labour earnings in young adulthood. The key drivers of these human capital gains are the wealth gains arising from the subsidy and the crime reduction generated by RTB. This is evidence of a novel means by which homeownership, and the resulting societal change and neighbourhood gentrification that accompanies it, contribute to increase human capital accumulation and improve educational and work outcomes for individuals in disadvantaged, low-income childhood settings. |
| Keywords: | medical staff; Human capital; Homeownership; Public housing. |
| JEL: | I21 I28 K14 R31 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctc:serie1:def140 |
| By: | Ivan Olszak |
| Abstract: | This paper uses a structural, two-sided model of the education system to study the interactions between parents’ school choices and teachers’ labour supply decisions in the context of secondary education in England. I find that more affluent households put more weight on school performance when applying for school places, and teachers tend to prefer working for schools with children from more affluent families. These preferences generate sorting effects where children from more disadvantaged households tend to be taught by less experienced and less effective teachers, which increases inequality in learning outcomes. The simulation of policy counterfactuals sows that funding for schools serving disadvantaged communities would have to increase very substantially to counter these sorting effects and reduce inequality. |
| Date: | 2025–06–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:azt:cemmap:11/25 |
| By: | Renate Lorenz |
| Abstract: | How does the arrival of a new immigrant group affect earlier generations of immigrants? Do group relations and self-identification change? Previous research on ethnic boundaries is usually restricted to a two-group paradigm and primarily focuses on the majority group’s perspective. In contrast, this study analyzes how the arrival of refugees in Germany influenced previous immigrants of Turkish and Polish origin by exploiting regional and temporal variation in refugee immigration. I combine macro data about refugees with individual longitudinal data of a large-scale German panel survey (SOEP) from 2012 to 2018 based on a random sample. Using fixed effects estimations, this study finds that an increasing proportion of refugees in a county increased concerns about immigration and decreased self-reported discrimination among Turkish (N = 676 respondents, n = 2, 914 person-years) and Polish (N = 513 respondents, n = 2, 141 person-years) respondents. Moreover, Turkish immigrants showed a tendency to feel more German and felt closer to Turkey at the same time. Poles also felt more German but not closer to Poland. These results are in line with the theoretical assumptions that minority groups tend to distance themselves from new immigrants, and use the opportunity to improve their own social position by strengthening their identification with the majority and/or with their own ethnic group. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp1225 |
| By: | Batsaikhan, mongoljin; Kamei, Kenju |
| Abstract: | Team-based collaboration is integral to education, work, and daily life, fostering ability-driven peer effects through discussions, social comparisons, and knowledge sharing. Despite extensive evidence of peer effects in specific contexts, their broader impacts on comparable but different activities remain underexplored. Our study addresses this gap using a novel dataset from Mongolia that combines a natural field experiment in classrooms, university entrance examination scores, and grade point averages in the university. First-year undergraduate students were randomly paired to collaboratively complete weekly assignments throughout a course. Low-ability students (based on their entrance exam scores) paired with high-ability peers significantly improved their academic performance not only in the specific course but also in other concurrent courses, showing strong spillover effects. The magnitude of the spill-over relative to the direct effect was 0.723. These pairings had no adverse effects on high-ability students. The findings highlight the Pareto efficiency of peer interactions in groups with large ability differences and offer insights into improving productivity and learning through ability-based spillovers. |
| Keywords: | peer effects, spillover effects, a natural field experiment, teamwork |
| JEL: | C93 I23 M53 M54 |
| Date: | 2025–05–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124793 |
| By: | Kichanova, Vera |
| Abstract: | The Freeports strategy announced by the previous government attempted to address today's challenges with yesterday's recipes, lacked the necessary deregulatory framework and failed to address key issues such as the housing crisis. This paper proposes an alternative: a new generation of 'Hong Kong-style' self-governing cities with broad autonomy to experiment with diverse planning regimes, governance models and investment strategies. From the City of London to Canary Wharf, Britain is the cradle of urban self-governance. Across the globe, British institutions continue to create urban miracles - consider Hong Kong or the financial hubs in Dubai and Qatar, which adopted English common law and became magnets for investment. The paper explores historical and contemporary examples of such regions, from the Hanseatic League to emerging charter cities, demonstrating how these models contribute to prosperity and economic revitalisation. Self-governing regions are on the rise in emerging economies, where they often struggle with the very institutional instability they seek to overcome. The UK, with its strong institutions of democracy, property rights and rule of law, is well-positioned to lead a new era of self-governing urban development, potentially creating multiple new 'Hong Kongs' within its borders. Healthy competition between such cities would help identify the most effective solutions, which could then be scaled and replicated nationwide. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ieadps:314032 |
| By: | Niemietz, Kristian |
| Abstract: | This paper is written in the style of a report from the future (the year 2035), or more precisely, from a possible future, in which Britain has successfully solved its housing crisis. Looking 'back', it tells the story of how this happened, and what the consequences were. It starts with a 'recap' of the 'bad old days' before Britain's housing revolution (describing what is, from our perspective, the present). This is a situation of a severe housing shortage. Britain has a much lower level of housing supply than comparable countries. Catching up with the EU average in terms of the number of housing units per 100, 000 inhabitants would require the construction of 3.4 million additional homes in England alone. Britain does not just have fewer housing units than comparable countries, but also has unusually small ones. The average British house has only two thirds of the floorspace of the average Dutch, German, Belgian or French house, and less than half of the floorspace of the average North American, Australian or New Zealand house. Median house prices in England stand at more than eight times the median annual full-time salary before taxes. Private sector rents in UK cities are far higher than in comparable cities elsewhere, and even though the social housing sector accounts for almost 17% of the UK housing stock (more than double the EU average and the OECD average), more than a million households are stuck on social housing waiting lists. Britain's housing crisis is not just a problem for those directly affected by it; it makes the country as a whole poorer, in multiple ways. It leads to higher consumer prices across the board, it reduces labour mobility and productivity, it undermines work incentives, it comes at a high fiscal cost, and it introduces macroeconomic instability. Last but not least, it drives political polarisation, especially along generational lines. It has not always been this way. From the mid-19th century until the outbreak of World War II, the British housing stock used to grow by 1% to 2% per year, and housing affordability used to improve steadily. It was the adoption of a new, more restrictive planning system in 1947, and the subsequent formation of organised resistance to development (NIMBYism), which slowed down housebuilding, eventually leading to declining housing affordability. This paper describes how, after 2024, a future 'YIMBY' government decides to grasp the nettle, take on the NIMBYs, and accelerate housebuilding. It does so by, for example, selectively releasing greenbelt land around commuter stations, granting planning permission on golf courses, introducing Street Votes, building New Towns, and localising the tax system, so that communities benefit from development, and start competing for taxpayers. While the description of what happens afterwards is necessarily somewhat speculative (it is, after all, a hypothetical scenario), it is not plucked out of thin air. It is based on a range of empirical literature which analyses housing and planning around the world. On the basis of that literature, it is safe to say that this hypothetical future 'YIMBY Britain' would be a much richer country than the Britain we currently live in, or, for that matter, the Britain we will live in if we remain on the present policy trajectory. It will be a country with far higher housebuilding rates, lower house prices, lower rents, shorter waiting times for social housing, less poverty, less homelessness, lower consumer prices, greater labour mobility, better work incentives, lower fiscal costs, higher rates of business investment, greater macroeconomic stability, and higher productivity. It is also safe to say that a post-housing-crisis Britain would still be a largely 'green and pleasant land'. Even in the South East of England (outside of London), only about 10% of the landmass is developed. Even if we had a complete housing free-for-all (which is not what this paper advocates), there is no chance whatsoever of the English countryside being 'concreted over'. |
| Keywords: | Housing market, Housing policy, Deregulation, Real estate market, Real estate price, United Kingdom |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ieadps:314023 |
| By: | Kulshreshtha, Shobhit |
| Abstract: | Characteristics of a place, such as healthcare access and the local environment, influence healthcare utilization. Refugees resettled in developed countries are often assigned locations based on the host country's assignment policies, yet the impact of initial placement on their healthcare usage remains understudied. I use Dutch administrative data to examine the effect of conditions in the initial municipality on healthcare utilization of refugees, leveraging the random assignment of refugees. Being assigned to a municipality with a higher healthcare utilization as measured by depression medication usage, hospital visits, and general practitioner costs among non-refugees increases healthcare utilization of refugees. I provide suggestive evidence on possible mechanisms and find that local healthcare access and socio-economic status of the municipality play an important role in healthcare utilization of refugees. This study contributes to the ongoing policy debates on providing separate and more targeted healthcare services for the refugee population. |
| Keywords: | refugees, healthcare utilization, place effects, quasi-experiment |
| JEL: | J15 I15 I18 R23 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1622 |
| By: | Zivin, Joshua Graff; Singer, Gregor |
| Abstract: | We examine how exogenous changes in exposure to air pollution over the past two decades have altered the disparities in home values between Black and White homeowners. We find that air quality capitalization rates are significantly lower for Black homeowners. In fact, they are so much lower that, despite secular reductions in the Black-White pollution exposure gap, disparities in housing values have increased during this period. An exploration of mechanisms suggests that roughly two-thirds of this difference is the result of direct discrimination while the remaining one-third can be attributed to systemic discrimination. |
| Keywords: | house prices; environmental justice; air pollution; race; discrimination |
| JEL: | Q51 R30 J15 |
| Date: | 2024–12–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128520 |
| By: | Iftikhar Hussain; Vincenzo Scrutinio; Shqiponja Telhaj |
| Abstract: | Public sector organizations around the world are held to account on the basis of objective measures of performance. This paper investigates, for the first time, the impact of subjective school inspection ratings on labor market and career outcomes for school principals, senior managers and teachers. Employing unique school inspection data and the population of teachers in secondary schools in England, we compare personnel in schools experiencing a rating change with those in schools with no change in inspection rating, in a difference-in-differences framework. A change in the overall school inspection rating has substantial impact on principals' wages and their rate of exit from public sector schooling, but the impact on teachers is much more muted. Our findings suggest that competition is a key mechanism through which changes in school inspection ratings affect school personnel labor market outcomes. Importantly, exploiting novel inspection sub-grade data on school leadership and management quality enables us to assess the impact on principals arising from this direct channel, over and above the response to overall school ratings. It reveals that the rating for this specific dimension of quality is an important channel driving principals' outcomes. These results shed new light on the impact of subjective quality assessments on the careers of public sector managers and employees. |
| Keywords: | Schools, school principals, teacher labour market, quality disclosure, inspections, labor, labour |
| Date: | 2025–06–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2107 |
| By: | Jinkins, David Carson (Copenhagen Business School); Kuka, Elira (George Washington University); Labanca, Claudio (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | Research on the social safety net examines its effects on recipients and their families. We show that these effects extend beyond recipients’ families. Using a regression discontinuity design and administrative data, we study a Danish policy that cut welfare benefits for refugees, increasing crime among affected individuals. Linking refugees to neighbors, we find increased crime among non-Danish neighbors, with spillovers persisting even after direct effects stabilize. Accounting for these spillovers raises the marginal value of public funds by 20%. We explore several mechanisms and find evidence consistent with peer effects among young individuals from the same country of origin. |
| Keywords: | welfare programs, crime, spillovers |
| JEL: | I38 K42 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17958 |
| By: | Pedro Afonso Fernandes |
| Abstract: | The main goal of this article is to introduce an economic perspective in the social logic of space. Firstly, we describe the economic model of a linear city to show how depth can generate value by creating local monopolies in less integrated spaces. Then, a new syntactic measure, the d-value, is proposed to capture the relation between the depth of some space from outside and the mean depth of all spaces from outside. An application to a public housing estate suggests that economic activities and services may be located in spaces with a d-value close to one. The article is complemented by a Prolog programme with a special predicate to compute the d-value. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2506.15354 |
| By: | David Jinkins; Elira Kuka; Claudio Labanca |
| Abstract: | Research on the social safety net examines its effects on recipients and their families. We show that these effects extend beyond recipients’ families. Using a regression discontinuity design and administrative data, we study a Danish policy that cut welfare benefits for refugees, increasing crime among affected individuals. Linking refugees to neighbors, we find increased crime among non-Danish neighbors, with spillovers persisting even after direct effects stabilize. Accounting for these spillovers raises the marginal value of public funds by 20%. We explore several mechanisms and find evidence consistent with peer effects among young individuals from the same country of origin. |
| JEL: | I38 K42 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33926 |
| By: | Yuting BAI; Jun Hyung KIM; Anqi LI; Shiko MARUYAMA; Zhe YANG |
| Abstract: | Homeownership and childbearing decisions are closely linked for many couples. As buying a home often requires substantial loan amounts, consumer credit conditions may influence fertility. We examine how down payment rate (DPR) policies affect marriage and fertility, exploiting city-by-year variation in DPRs across China from 2008 to 2020. The results show that, while housing prices show no direct effect, higher DPRs significantly reduce the likelihood of first births, particularly among those who are likely to be credit-constrained. We find no effect on first marriage. These findings highlight how housing market policies can shape demographic behavior, especially in the context of high housing prices. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:25056 |
| By: | Alban de Gmeline (University of Cambridge); Alexis Litvine (University of Cambridge) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the closures of railway lines in France between 1910 and 1938 when France experienced rapid network shrinkage. Multiple hypotheses have been put forward, ranging from the financial troubles of railway companies, the competition of automobiles and interurban coach services, and the rationalisation of the network leading to its nationalisation and the creation of the SNCF in 1938. We provide a quantitative assessment of these factors using newly assembled data on road and rail networks and the first historical metric for passenger traffic at the station level. Finally, we analyse the impact in terms of spatial inequality. |
| JEL: | L92 N74 |
| Date: | 2025–03–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cmh:wpaper:43 |
| By: | Goodspeed, Robert |
| Abstract: | Urban life is mediated by a growing number of urban platforms, who therefore are playing a growing influence in cities worldwide. This article presents preliminary thoughts about how they represent cities through data, and how they may be influencing social relations. It concludes with a call for urban planners and other professionals to get engaged in the design of urban plat-forms. |
| Date: | 2023–06–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:3cs6v_v1 |
| By: | Heng Chen; Hongyu Xiao |
| Abstract: | Household mobility data can improve our measurement of access to cash. The existing literature typically assumes that households visit their nearest ABMs or financial institution branches from their homes, without combining cash withdrawals with other activities (i.e., on their way to shopping). However, the typical approach neglects two realistic features: The first is that, due to spatial agglomeration, cash access points could be co-located with popular points of interest, such as retail service centers; and, second, households could combine multiple trips, via trip-chaining, to reduce travel costs. Our paper employs smartphone data to construct an improved cash access metric by accounting for both spatial agglomeration and households’ travel patterns. We find that incorporating trip-chaining into the travel metric could show that travel costs are from 15% to 25% less than not incorporating trip-chaining and that the biggest decrease is driven by rural residents. |
| Keywords: | Bank notes; Financial services; Regional economic development |
| JEL: | D12 O18 R22 R41 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocawp:25-16 |
| By: | Mustika, S. |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of an education policy in Indonesia intended to promote the assimilation of ethnic Chinese minorities into the broader society. The policy involved the closure of Chinese-medium schools and the imposition of Indonesian as the language of instruction, alongside a standardised national curriculum for Chinese students. Using a difference-in-differences approach that exploits variation in the presence of Chinese schools across districts and difference in policy exposure across birth cohorts, I assess both the policy’s direct effect on Chinese students and its spillover effects on non-Chinese students. The results show that the policy disrupted the educational trajectories of Chinese students who were already enrolled in school at the time of implementation, though it had no significant impact on their subsequent labor market outcomes. The policy did, however, coincide with a widespread linguistic shift toward the use of the national language among Chinese individuals, although this does not differ across location. The policy’s impact on linguistic switch only becomes substantial for cohorts fully subjected to Indonesian education. Despite signs of linguistic assimilation, inter-ethnic marriage rates declined in districts that underwent forced educational transitions. Among non-Chinese individuals, the policy had mixed spillover effects: educational outcomes became more polarised, while labor market outcomes showed improvement. |
| Date: | 2025–06–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2539 |
| By: | Emily Chung (University of Cambridge) |
| Abstract: | Spatial studies of British Victorian cities have been historically limited either in scope or specificity due to the unwieldiness of census data. However, recent developments in geographic information systems (GIS) and the digitization of historical source material have created new possibilities for the exploration of geodemographic patterns. For the case of Manchester, the ‘shock city’ of the British industrial revolution, these advancements are especially pertinent in order to settle long-standing debates as to the extent of segregation in the city. This article presents a method for the highly granular georeferencing of census data for the Manchester township for the second half of the nineteenth century by drawing on historical material including geographic and commercial surveys. In linking households to specific buildings, we present new possibilities for studies of heterogeneity and neighbourhood patterns at a range of scales. This approach ultimately lays the groundwork for future revisitations of nineteenth-century cities and the traditional claims which have been made around their urban dynamics. |
| JEL: | N93 R14 |
| Date: | 2025–04–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cmh:wpaper:45 |
| By: | Shota FUJISHIMA; Takara SAKAI; Yuki TAKAYAMA |
| Abstract: | This study estimates the structural parameters of a travel time function, which relates traffic volume to travel time, within the context of a traffic assignment model in which travelers strategically select routes to minimize their travel costs, influenced by congestion. The proposed model is formulated as a potential game, enabling the estimation of parameters using the maximum likelihood method based on a stochastic evolutionary process. The impact of congestion pricing on welfare is evaluated using the estimated parameters. Preliminary analysis using the Sioux Falls network shows that congestion pricing enhances overall welfare, even when accounting for estimation errors. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:25055 |
| By: | Josue Ortega; Gabriel Ziegler; R. Pablo Arribillaga; Geng Zhao |
| Abstract: | The Deferred Acceptance (DA) algorithm is stable and strategy-proof, but can produce outcomes that are Pareto-inefficient for students, and thus several alternative mechanisms have been proposed to correct this inefficiency. However, we show that these mechanisms cannot correct DA's rank-inefficiency and inequality, because these shortcomings can arise even in cases where DA is Pareto-efficient. We also examine students' segregation in settings with advantaged and marginalized students. We prove that the demographic composition of every school is perfectly preserved under any Pareto-efficient mechanism that dominates DA, and consequently fully segregated schools under DA maintain their extreme homogeneity. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2506.11660 |
| By: | Lisa Barrow; Mitchell Isler |
| Abstract: | The Cleveland Fed’s Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE) administered in May 2025 asked respondents from across the Fourth District a set of special questions about the potential impacts of higher tariffs and changes to immigration policy on their businesses. This District Data Brief analyzes their responses. |
| Keywords: | economic policy; state economy; Local Economic Performance |
| Date: | 2025–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:c00003:101160 |
| By: | Kertesi, Gabor (Institute of Economics, Budapest); Köllő, János (Institute of Economics, Budapest); Károlyi, Róbert (HUN-REN Centre for Economic and Regional Studies); Szabó, Lajos Tamás (Central European University) |
| Abstract: | Hungary's sizeable Roma minority is hit by massive prejudice. Using 2011 Census data and supplementary sources, we study how ethnic bias translates to employment discrimination in local labor markets. The male ethnic employment gap, adjusted for a rich battery of controls, was 20-40 percent wider than average if, and only if, the local population strongly supported an openly anti-Roma far-right party and, at the same time, small firms had a substantial share in the local economy. Roma women's (very low) employment is less responsive to prejudice and the small firm share. The results for men, the sole breadwinners in most Roma families, survive robustness checks and confrontation with alternative explanations. Since small firms easily elude the anti-discrimination regulations, the results draw attention to the limits of legal instruments and call for active policy. |
| Keywords: | minorities, discrimination, regional labor markets, small firms |
| JEL: | J15 J71 R23 D22 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17901 |
| By: | Rupkatha Banerjee; Andrew D. Paciorek |
| Abstract: | In March 2024, the National Association of Realtors reached a $418 million settlement to end multiple antitrust lawsuits brought against it and other brokerages by home sellers (Delouya 2024a). By banning the longstanding practice of advertising commission rates to be paid to buyers' agents in home listings and requiring buyers and their agents to explicitly set compensation terms, the settlement has the potential to upend the traditional model of residential real estate broker compensation, in which the buyer's and seller's agent were each paid as much as 3 percent of the home value by the seller. |
| Date: | 2025–05–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgfn:2025-05-12 |
| By: | Holman, Nancy; Mace, Alan |
| Abstract: | In the UK, the new Labour government has linked the intention to deliver more homes to reform of the planning system, which is seen as a key barrier. Two assumptions inform this reform. First, the system is sound, but there are problems with its administration. Second, there are problems with how the system itself is engineered, for example, by overly constraining land supply. The first we consider a principal‐agent (P‐A) challenge, where local government must be managed to create the foundations to meet housing targets. The second, an orchestrator‐intermediary challenge, where developers are intermediaries who must be persuaded to deliver more housing while meeting a broad set of planning objectives. We look at changes already made by the government to green belt policy and argue that these are overly focussed on the P‐A challenge and are unlikely to be sufficient to change the behaviour of developers. |
| Keywords: | housing delivery; principal‐agent; planning governance; green belt |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128303 |
| By: | Morando, Greta (University of Sheffield); Sen, Sonkurt (University of Bonn) |
| Abstract: | Socio-emotional skills are recognized as key factors influencing both early and later life outcomes. However, there is limited evidence on how these skills are shaped within the classroom environment. This paper uses nationally representative survey data from England to examine the impact of teacher gender on students' socio-emotional skills. We employ a student fixed effects model. Our findings show that male teachers positively influence male students' prosocial behavior, while negatively affecting female students' peer problems. We provide support for the role model hypothesis and present novel evidence on how parents respond to teacher-student gender match by adjusting their investment strategies for daughters. |
| Keywords: | socio-emotional skills, teachers, gender, child development |
| JEL: | D91 I21 J13 J24 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17953 |
| By: | Alexis Litvine (University of Cambridge); Thomas Thévenin (Université de Bourgogne); Arthur Starzec (University of Cambridge); Patrick Mille (Université de Bourgogne); Isabelle Séguy (INED); Guillaume Proffit (University of Cambridge) |
| Abstract: | This article introduces a methodology for the creation of historical road transport networks, focussing on France and the UK between 1910 and 1930. We construct the first road networks for both countries in the early twentieth century, the key take-off period of motoring. We differentiate roads according to quality, width, and surfacing. We offer significant methodological innovation in the creation of historical speed models. To achieve an accurate calibration of car speeds, we extracted historical vehicle performance and developed a slope-dependent speed model. Our empirical validation process compares the predicted travel times with a new data set of historical observed travel times. The model demonstrates a high degree of accuracy, significantly enhancing the reliability of historical travel-time modelling. This framework not only provides a solid foundation for analysing historical accessibility and market potential, but also offers a replicable and adaptable approach applicable to other historical contexts and regions. |
| JEL: | L92 N74 |
| Date: | 2025–03–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cmh:wpaper:44 |
| By: | Goulas, Sofoklis (Brookings Institution) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the prevalence of permanent school closures before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and their association with enrollment declines. Utilizing data from the Common Core of Data between 2013-14 and 2023-24, the analysis reveals a downward trend in closure rates, with significant variation across school characteristics and states. Poisson regression results indicate a strong association between recent enrollment declines and the likelihood of permanent closures. The findings underscore the financial and operational pressures faced by schools with declining enrollments and highlight the need for tailored policy responses to address the unique challenges of different communities. |
| Keywords: | school closures, enrollment decline, COVID-19, K-12 education |
| JEL: | I21 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17902 |
| By: | Ujjwal KC (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne); Steeve Marchand (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne); A. Abigail Payne (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne) |
| Abstract: | In many economies, youth unemployment rates over the past two decades have exceeded 10 percentage points, highlighting that not all youth successfully transition successfully from schooling to employment. Equally disturbing are the high rates of young adults not observed in employment, education, or training, a rate commonly referred to as "NEET." There is not a single pathway for successful transitions. Understanding these pathways and the influences of geographic location, employment opportunities, and family and community characteristics that contribute to positive transitions is crucial. While abundant data exists to support this understanding, it is often siloed and not easily combined to inform schools, communities, and policymakers about effective strategies and necessary changes. Researchers prefer working with datasets, while many stakeholders favour results presented through storytelling and visualisations. This paper introduces YouthView, an innovative online platform designed to provide comprehensive insights into youth transition challenges and opportunities. YouthView integrates information from datasets on youth disadvantage indicators, employment, skills demand, and job vacancy at regional levels. The platform features two modes: a guided storytelling mode with selected visualisations, and an open-ended suite of exploratory dashboards for in-depth data analysis. This dual approach enables policymakers, community organisations, and education providers to gain a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced by different communities. By illuminating spatial patterns, socioeconomic disparities, and relationships between disadvantage factors and labour market dynamics, YouthView facilitates informed decisionmaking and the development of targeted interventions, ultimately contributing to improved youth economic outcomes and expanded opportunities in areas of greatest need. Classification- |
| Keywords: | youth disadvantage, youth transitions, labour market, integrated data, evidencve-based |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iae:iaewps:wp2025n02 |
| By: | Hannes Wallimann; Widar von Arx; Ann Hesse |
| Abstract: | The opening of the Gotthard Base Tunnel in 2017, the longest railway tunnel in the world, marked a milestone in Swiss transport policy. The tunnel, a part of the New Rail Link through the Alps, serves as a key instrument of the so-called "modal shift policy, " which aims to transfer transalpine freight traffic from road to rail. The reduction in travel time by train between northern and southern Switzerland raised expectations that a substantial share of tourist-oriented passenger traffic would also shift from car to rail. In this paper, we conduct a causal analysis of the impact of the Gotthard Base Tunnel's opening at the end of 2016 on the number of cars using the parallel Gotthard motorway section in the subsequent years. To this end, we apply the synthetic control and the synthetic difference-in-differences methods to construct a synthetic Gotthard motorway section based on a weighted combination of other alpine road crossings (a so-called donor pool) that did not experience the construction of a competing rail infrastructure. Our results reveal only a modest but statistically significant decline in the number of cars between the actual and the synthetic Gotthard motorway in the short run. Given the consistently strong and increasing demand for the new rail connection through the Gotthard Base Tunnel, we infer a substantial induced short-run demand effect resulting from the rail travel time savings. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.21129 |
| By: | Bézy, Thomas; Rozer, Viktor Rozer |
| Abstract: | In many parts of the world the costs of flooding are projected to rise sharply due to climate change and urbanization in flood-prone areas. This study compares the rate of construction in high-risk zones across France and the UK, and discusses the impact of insurance and urban planning policies. In both France and the UK, the housing stock in flood-prone areas keeps growing substantially every year, and new construction in flood risk areas has not shown any sizeable sign of slowing down in recent years. In France, second homes are overrepresented in flood-risk zones, contrasting with the UK. Both countries show higher rates in low-income neighbourhoods, raising concerns about the emergence of socially deprived areas at high risk of flooding that may not have access to insurance, sometimes called “flood ghettos”. While insurance is subsidized in both countries, a key distinction is that new build homes at risk do not benefit from subsidized rates in the UK, whereas they do in France. However, this difference does not appear to substantially deter construction in risky areas in the UK compared to France. These findings highlight challenges in balancing risk reduction, affordability, and sustainable development. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 N0 |
| Date: | 2025–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128511 |
| By: | Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina (University of California, Merced); Wang, Chunbei (Virginia Tech) |
| Abstract: | Since 2012, DACA has provided deportation relief and work authorization to immigrants brought to the U.S. as children. This study examines how legal and political uncertainty, triggered by efforts to terminate the program in 2017, affected recipients’ economic and social outcomes. Using difference-in-differences and event study methods, we find that gains in education, health, and geographic mobility largely persisted, while employment and income benefits eroded, particularly in non-sanctuary and high-enforcement states. However, strong local DACA networks helped buffer these losses. The results underscore how policy instability can undermine progress in some areas while resilience emerges in others, especially within supportive local environments. |
| Keywords: | DACA, undocumented immigrants, employment, education, policy uncertainty, local enforcement |
| JEL: | J12 J15 J18 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17914 |
| By: | McGinnis, Claire; Barajas, Jesus M. PhD |
| Abstract: | The historical impacts of transportation planning and investment have adversely impacted communities of color and low-income communities. In response, state departments of transportation, metropolitan planning organizations, and local and county governments have begun to address these injustices through plans, policies, and deeper engagement with communities, though work in this area is still nascent. There are a variety of data, tools, and metrics from research and practice that measure the distributional equity of transportation planning and projects to inform equitable solutions. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt80g2m3s6 |
| By: | Demir, Banu; Javorcik, Beata; Piyush Paritosh Panigrahi |
| Abstract: | This paper explores how improved internet infrastructure impacts supply chains and economic activity, focusing on Turkiye. Using the expansion of fiber-optic networks and firm-to-firm transaction data, the paper finds that better connectivity shifts input sourcing to well-connected regions and diversifies supplier networks. Estimates from a spatial equilibrium model with endogenous network formation and rational inattention show that high-speed internet reduced information acquisition and communication costs. Enhanced connectivity increased real income by 2.2 percent in the median province. The findings underscore the importance of digital infrastructure investments in fostering economic growth by improving supply chain efficiency and broadening firms' access to suppliers. |
| Date: | 2025–05–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11122 |
| By: | Menon, Siddharth |
| Abstract: | Recently, large parts of India and the global South have witnessed widespread sand extraction from rural sites for urban infrastructure projects, causing extensive environmental damage. Critical scholarship has theorized these sites as new extractive frontiers that facilitate the needs of green energy transitions and planetary urbanization. In this article, I offer a postcolonial decentering of this narrative by examining the commodity chain of ‘m-sand’ or manufactured sand, which binds urban infrastructures in Kochi city in Kerala, India to sand extraction sites in the rural Western Ghat mountain ecologies of southwest India. I argue that sand extraction sites are better analyzed through the lens of ‘plantation urbanism’, a concept that accounts for the failure of colonial-era Western Ghat plantation economies in the free-market era and their ensuing conversion to sand extraction sites. Plantation urbanism also foregrounds how colonial plantation logics shape the production of urban space in Kochi via sand's commodity chain. |
| Keywords: | global South; green extractivism; plantation logics; rural-urban entanglements; sand; urban political ecology |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–06–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128542 |
| By: | Achard, Pascal (INSAE, CREST); Belot, Michèle (Cornell University); Chevalier, Arnaud (Royal Holloway, University of London) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the causal effect of parental right to work from home (WfH) on children’s educational attainment. Using administrative data from the Netherlands and variations in firm-specific WfH policies, which generate natural experiments, we find that children whose parents gain the right to WfH improve their scores on a high-stakes exam by 9% of a standard deviation. This results in a 4 percentage points upswing in qualifying for a general or academic track in secondary school. Additionally, using the labor force survey, we find that changes in WfH policies are associated with a 17 percentage points increase in WfH propensity, but no change in hours worked or income. These results highlight the large potential benefits of remote work in supporting families and their children. |
| Keywords: | teleworking, remote work, work-life balance, test scores, working from home, work flexibility |
| JEL: | I20 J13 J22 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17957 |
| By: | Marco Vivarelli (Dipartimento di Politica Economica, DISCE, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy – UNU-MERIT, Maastricht, The Netherlands – IZA, Bonn, Germany - Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen, Germany); Mariacristina Piva (Dipartimento di Politica Economica, DISCE, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy); Massimiliano Tani (School of Business, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia – IZA, Bonn, Germany) |
| Abstract: | Labor mobility is considered a powerful channel to acquire external knowledge and trigger complementarities in the innovation and R&D investment strategies; however, the extant literature has focused on either scientists’ mobility or migration of high-skilled workers, while virtually no attention has been devoted to the possible role of short-term business visits. Using a unique and novel database originating a country/sector unbalanced panel over the period 1998-2019 (for a total of 8, 316 longitudinal observations), this paper aims to fill this gap by testing the impact of BVs on R&D investment. Results from GMM-SYS estimates show that short-term mobility positively and significantly affects R&D investments; moreover, our findings indicate - as expected - that the beneficial impact of BVs is particularly significant in less innovative countries and in less innovative industries. These outcomes justify some form of support for BVs within the portfolio of the effective innovation policies, both at the national and local level. |
| Keywords: | Business visits; labor mobility; knowledge transfer; R&D investments |
| JEL: | O31 J61 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctc:serie5:dipe0049 |
| By: | Holford, Angus J. (University of Essex); Sen, Sonkurt (University of Bonn) |
| Abstract: | We study the impact of racial representation among academic staff on university students’ academic and labor market outcomes. We use administrative data on the universe of staff and students at all UK universities, linked to survey data on students’ post-graduation outcomes, exploiting idiosyncratic variation (conditional on a set of fixed effects and observable student, staff, and university department level characteristics) in the proportion of racial minority academic staff to whom students are exposed. We find that minority representation benefits the academic outcomes of minority groups: When minority students are exposed to 1 SD higher proportion of minority academics, they are 1.03ppt more likely to graduate with a first or upper second class honors degree and they are also 0.88ppt more likely to graduate on time. There is no beneficial impact of minority or own-race representation on the labor market outcomes of minorities. However, we do find that minority representation among academic staff significantly increases progression of minority students to graduate study, suggesting that there may be benefits of same-race representation operating through provision of role models or domain-specific advice and guidance. |
| Keywords: | returns to education, representation, minorities, labor market outcomes |
| JEL: | I23 I26 J15 J24 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17944 |
| By: | Crescenzi, Riccardo; Ganau, Roberto |
| Abstract: | Global connectivity is necessary for innovation to thrive. However, in response to external shocks, economies reduce external exposure and focus resources on internal markets. This closure is in contrast to the need for innovative solutions for recovery. We explore this paradox by looking at regional innovation in the United States in the aftermath of the Great Recession. We compare foreign direct investment (FDI) with similar domestic, inter-state investment to assess whether a ‘local innovation premium’ is associated with global connectivity vis-à-vis domestic linkages. We show that what matters for post-crisis innovation is active internationalisation through outward FDI and congruence in technological capabilities between connected territories. |
| Keywords: | innovation; foreign direct investment; domestic investment; great recession; regions; USA |
| JEL: | F21 O30 O19 O51 R12 |
| Date: | 2025–06–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128136 |
| By: | Federico Carril-Caccia (University of Granada); Jordi Paniagua (University of Valencia; Kellogg Institute, University of Notre Dame\nAuthor-Name:Â Marta Suarez-Varela; Bank of Spain; Trier University) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the effects of food crises on forced international migration (FIM) flows using a structural gravity model, thereby testing the influence of liquidity constraints in the context of heterogeneous migration costs and economic resources of potential migrants. We construct a dataset that measures food crises' severity, intensity, and causes. Our results suggest that food crises increase forced international migration. While mild food crises skew international migrants to developed and nonneighbouring countries, more severe events divert them to closer destinations. The results indicate that food crises tighten liquidity constraints on migration, and this worsens as they intensify. Under more severe food crises, migrants may lack the necessary resources to afford the higher costs of migrating internationally, particularly to a developed nation, thus choosing a closer destination or migrating internally. |
| Keywords: | Forced migration; Food crisis; Food insecurity; liquidity constraints; heterogeneous migrations costs; Gravity equation |
| JEL: | F22 O15 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drx:wpaper:202530 |
| By: | Bhatiya, Apurav (University of Birmingham, CAGE, JPAL); Kadam, Shanta (University of Birmingham) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how highly visible irregular migration influences immigration attitudes. Using high-frequency data on small boat crossings from 2018 to 2024 linked with British Election Study panel data, we exploit variation in survey timing to identify short-term effects. Recent arrivals reduce support for immigration, especially among right-leaning media consumers. Left-leaning media can offset these effects, but only among respondents with low baseline concern. Perceived increases in immigration reinforce these patterns, consistent with confirmation bias. Small but salient events can disproportionately shape public sentiment through media framing and prior beliefs, helping explain recent policy tightening, even toward legal migration routes. |
| Keywords: | irregular migration, migration attitudes, migration policy, media framing JEL Classification: F22, J15, J18, L82 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cge:wacage:757 |
| By: | Al-Naemi, Mai; Lee, Hyun-Jung; Reade, Carol |
| Abstract: | While the corporate lingua franca mandate aims to facilitate communications among linguistically diverse employees, evidence shows that it creates more problems than it solves, often negatively affecting social integration and knowledge sharing in the workplace. Our study is driven by the phenomenon of high language diversity and low lingua franca proficiency, emerging characteristics of workplaces around the globe given increasing migration. We adopt a mixed-methods, longitudinal design involving participant observations, interviews, social network surveys, and company data. Our analysis revealed the existence and prevalence of an informal language advice network (LAN) in which individuals with varying levels of English proficiency actively engage in voluntary language-related knowledge-seeking and sharing. We found more positive interpersonal interactions and consequences of LAN than typically reported in extant studies. We leverage the social networks and generalized exchange literature to explain the processes and consequences of LAN for individuals and the organization. Management recognition was found to be important for sustaining LAN in a context of high language diversity. Our integrative analytical framework offers a valuable lens for scholarship on future workplaces that are being shaped by rapidly shifting ethnic, cultural, and linguistic demography. |
| Keywords: | language diversity; corporate lingua franca; knowledge sharing; social networks; generalized exchange theory; multinational corporation |
| JEL: | J50 |
| Date: | 2025–06–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:127861 |
| By: | Zhang, Xin (Beijing Normal University); Chen, Xi (Yale University); Sun, Hong (Jiangsu Provincial CDC); Yang, Yuanjian (Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology) |
| Abstract: | This paper attempts to provide one of the first population-based causal estimates of the effect of air pollution on suicidal ideation—a key precursor to suicide attempt and completion—among school-age children. We use daily variations in the local wind direction as instruments to address endogeneity in pollution exposure. Matching a unique risk behavior survey of 55, 000 students from 273 schools with comprehensive data on air pollutants and weather conditions according to the exact date and location of schooling, our findings indicate that a 1% decline in daily PM2.5 is associated with a 0.36% reduction in the probability of suicidal ideation. Moreover, the dose-response relationship reveals that the marginal effects increase significantly and non-linearly with elevated concentration of PM2.5. The effect is particularly pronounced among younger, male, students from low-educated families, and students with lower grades. |
| Keywords: | suicidal ideation, air pollution, school-age children, risky behaviors, China |
| JEL: | I31 Q51 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17961 |
| By: | Dragan Savic; Barbara Hammer; Marios Polycarpou; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | Amid a perfect storm of climate emergency, runaway urban growth and crumbling pipes, it�s clear that our traditional engineering-based, technical approach to water infrastructure planning requires improvements. It is time to replace the outdated approach driven by unreliable long-term forecasts and adopt a smarter, adaptive framework that includes socio-economic considerations to build sustainable cities our communities deserve. |
| Date: | 2025–06–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2545 |
| By: | Keiti Kondi (Bureau Fédéral du Plan); Willem Sas (Hasselt University); Vincent Vandenberghe (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES)) |
| Abstract: | In this empirical paper, we propose the following hypothesis: the fate of large metropolises – especially the dynamics of the inhabitants’ income disparity between their core and periphery – may still be significantly influenced by their industrial past. Starting from the first industrial revolution, we argue that the establishment of heavy and polluting industries in the centres of these metropolises has had lasting effects on income levels and the socio-economic landscape of these neighbourhoods, often persisting for decades after these industries close. In the absence of data on the location of past factories, this study proposes using the presence or absence of a canal close to the city centre as a proxy for a significant industrial legacy. We show that such a proxy predicts the concentration of inhabitants by income level in the core vs. periphery, as evidenced by OECD and US-BEA income-per-head data. One of the key results of this paper is that an industrial past (located around a canal) amounts to a potent negative urban amenity. |
| Keywords: | Canals, Industrial past, Metropolises, Core vs. Periphery, Suburbanisation, Cliometrics, Negative Amenity |
| JEL: | N9 R1 |
| Date: | 2025–06–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctl:louvir:2025008 |
| By: | Liu, Matthew; Watkins, Kari; Pike, Susan |
| Abstract: | In response to challenges with providing fixed route transit in rural areas, many transit agencies in the United States and around the world are increasingly looking towards microtransit, a form of flexible route transit service which can be reserved on-demand, to provide transit service in rural areas. However, the immaturity of microtransit relative to conventional fixed route transit means that the benefits and challenges of microtransit in rural areas are still not fully understood. This paper aims to identify these benefits and challenges through the evaluation of a case study microtransit system—the Yolobus BeeLine. The BeeLine is a microtransit service provided by Yolobus, the transit agency operating in Yolo County, California, and is unique in that it operates in both low-density rural and medium-density suburban areas. By conducting ride-along interviews with riders of the BeeLine service, the authors investigate the benefits of the microtransit service for its riders as well as the challenges and shortcomings of the service that these riders face. These interviews found that while the BeeLine provides a useful and inexpensive travel alternative for riders, certain challenges associated with using the service—including its limited service area, limited service span, technology requirements to reserve rides, etc.—impact riders from disadvantaged communities disproportionately. These findings are consistent with existing literature studying other microtransit systems. Thus, both the study and existing literature suggest that addressing the travel needs of individual communities should be a top priority when designing microtransit systems. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Microtransit, On-demand transit, Equity |
| Date: | 2024–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1m7509g2 |
| By: | Amponsah, Senyo Obed |
| Abstract: | This study explores the strategic potential of city branding in African urban contexts through a case study of Accra, Ghana. Drawing on Hankinson’s Relational Network Model and Herstein’s Country–City–Region Branding Matrix, the research assesses how Accra can be positioned as a distinct and competitive urban brand within Ghana’s multicultural national framework. The analysis, based on secondary data, reveals significant opportunities in Accra’s cultural assets, diaspora engagement, and sustainability initiatives. However, it also highlights fragmentation in governance, limited stakeholder coordination, and the absence of a coherent brand architecture. Comparative insights from Seoul, Barcelona, and Cape Town demonstrate how city branding can be effectively institutionalized through participatory governance, strategic communication, and cultural investment. The paper concludes with policy recommendations aimed at integrating branding into Accra’s urban planning and development agenda. It argues that a stakeholder-driven, contextually grounded branding strategy could enhance Accra’s global visibility while complementing Ghana’s broader national identity goals. |
| Date: | 2025–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:sjn7e_v1 |
| By: | Andrew C. Barr; Benjamin L. Castleman |
| Abstract: | A college degree offers a pathway to economic mobility for low-income students. Using a multi-site randomized controlled trial combined with administrative and survey data, we demonstrate that intensive advising during high school and college significantly increases bachelor’s degree attainment among lower-income students. We leverage unique data on pre-advising college preferences and causal forest methods to show that these gains are primarily driven by improvements in initial enrollment quality. Our results suggest that strategies targeting college choice may be a more effective and efficient means of increasing degree attainment than those focused solely on affordability. |
| JEL: | H52 I24 J24 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33921 |
| By: | Makoto Kuroki; Shusaku Sasaki |
| Abstract: | Budget officers often assess public project proposals based on available financial support and expected outcomes. However, behavioral factors such as time discounting and psychological hesitation may lead to underinvestment in programs with delayed but significant benefits. This study investigates whether financial incentives and non-financial nudges can influence budgetary decisions in local governments. We conducted a nationwide mail-based survey experiment targeting budget officers in Japanese municipalities and received 490 valid responses. Using a 2*2 randomized design, we tested the independent and combined effects of a financial incentive (a 50% national subsidy) and a non-financial nudge (loss framing and peer information). All three treatments significantly increased assessed budget amounts compared to the control group. The largest effect appeared in the combination group (approximately 1.1 million JPY higher, p |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.08323 |
| By: | Dorkhanov, Ilia; Sokolov, Boris (HSE University) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relationship between individual religiosity and attitudes towards immigrants of different religious backgrounds in Europe. Using data from the 7th wave of the European Social Survey (2014-2015), we examine the influence of individual denomination and subjective religiosity level on hostility towards Muslim immigrants and the importance of immigrants’ Christian background. Our analysis, guided by social identity theory and religious compassion theory, reveals mixed support for these theoretical frameworks. While Christians and individuals with higher levels of subjective religiosity value a Christian immigrant background more than their non-religious counterparts, neither denomination nor subjective religiosity level significantly influence attitudes towards Muslim immigrants. We also conduct an exploratory analysis which shows that country-level average religiosity and prevalent denomination do not directly affect the dependent variables but leverage the effect of subjective religiosity on both. These findings suggest that, in the European context, religious social identity and religious compassion may operate selectively, influencing attitudes based on perceived religious closeness and potentially being shaped by broader societal factors. |
| Date: | 2025–06–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:q96fe_v1 |
| By: | Nicolás Salamanca (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne); Tanya Gupta (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne); Irma Mooi-Reci (School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Melbourne); Mark Wooden (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne) |
| Abstract: | We use quasi-experimental variation in suspension of in-person teaching at schools to estimate the causal impact of school disruptions on parents’ labor supply. School disruptions have a large negative effect on labor force participation, especially for women and for people with weaker labor force attachment. Conditional on remaining employed, school disruptions have no impact hours worked or on wages. Exploring potential mechanisms, we find that school disruptions sharply increase working from home, which can help explain our null effects, and point to even more negative effects on labor force participation in the absence of this margin of adjustment. Classification-J22, I28, I18 |
| Keywords: | School disruptions; labor force participation; hours worked; wages; intertemporal treatment effect estimates; COVID-19 pandemic. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iae:iaewps:wp2025n03 |
| By: | Robert Clark; Jean-François Houde; Xinrong Zhu |
| Abstract: | Previous research highlights persistent differences in national brand market shares across regions, driven by geographic consumer preferences and early entry advantages (Bronnenberg et al. 2007, 2009). This study investigates the extent to which long-term vertical contracts can explain the observed geographic dispersion and persistence of national brand dominance. Using NielsenIQ data from the same product categories as Bronnenberg et al. (2007), we follow Abowd et al. (1999) to decompose the variance in brand shares into Brand × Retailer and Brand × Market effects. Results show that 50% of the variance is explained by retailer effects, compared to 20% by market effects. This suggests that some retailers use vertical contracts that favor a specific brand across all markets in which they compete, such as exclusive-dealing, slotting allowances, or category-captaincy contracts, and that these play a key role in sustaining national brand dominance documented in prior literature. By emphasizing how retailer-specific factors drive observed patterns, we complement demand-side explanations and shift attention to supply-side factors that could affect competition. |
| JEL: | L42 L81 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33906 |
| By: | Shinnosuke Kawai; Kuninori Nakagawa |
| Abstract: | This paper explores price competition with exogenous product differentiation in a spatial model similar to that of Nakagawa (2023). Nakagawa examines product differentiation within the framework of Varian (1980). Nakagawa integrates Varian's concept of uninformed consumers, who lack complete price information, into a spatial model based on Hotelling (1929). While Nakagawa placed informed consumers at the center of the Hotelling line and used quadratic transportation costs, our study employs a uniform distribution of informed consumers and linear transportation costs. This approach enables a more direct comparison with established spatial competition literature, particularly Osborne and Pitchik (1987). We classify equilibrium candidates and characterize the parameter regions corresponding to each equilibrium. There is no pure equilibrium in the region where we construct mixed strategy equilibria. Furthermore, we compare the expected profit in the equilibrium of our model with the findings of Osborne and Pitchik (1987). Finally, we discuss the impact of captive buyers on the nature of spatial competition. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.06961 |
| By: | Zachary Ward; Kasey Buckles; Joseph Price |
| Abstract: | Using data on 2.5 million great-grandchildren linked to their great-grandfathers in the US (1850–1940), we show that economic gaps persisted strongly across four generations despite major structural change. We find that one-third of the initial differences in economic status across white great-grandfathers remained in their great-grandchildren. When including both Black and white families, this persistence rises to about 50 percent, largely because the gap between Black and white families closed slowly over time. Grandparent and great-grandparent status matter beyond the father's status, indicating slower convergence to the mean than predicted by two-generational estimates. However, this excess persistence is largely driven by enduring racial inequality as grandparent effects are small within the white population. |
| JEL: | J62 N31 N32 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33923 |
| By: | Federico Echenique; Michael Olabisi |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces a novel revealed-preference approach to ranking colleges and professional schools based on applicants' choices and standardized test scores. Unlike traditional rankings that rely on data supplied by institutions or expert opinions, our methodology leverages the decentralized beliefs of potential students, as revealed through their application decisions. We develop a theoretical model where students with higher test scores apply to more selective institutions, allowing us to establish a clear relationship between test score distributions and school prestige. Using comprehensive data from over 490, 000 GMAT test-takers applying to U.S. full-time MBA programs, we implement two ranking methods: one based on monotone functions of test scores across schools, and another using score-adjusted tournaments between school pairs. Our approach has distinct advantages over traditional rankings: it reflects the collective judgment of the entire applicant pool rather than a small group of experts, and it utilizes data from an independent testing organization, making it resistant to manipulation by institutions. The resulting rankings correlate strongly with leading published MBA rankings ($\rho = 0.72$) while offering the additional benefit of being customizable for different student subgroups. This method provides a transparent alternative to existing ranking systems that have been subject to well-documented manipulation. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.21063 |
| By: | de Koning, Bart K. (Cornell University); Fouarge, Didier (ROA, Maastricht University); Dur, Robert (Erasmus University Rotterdam) |
| Abstract: | We run a field experiment in which we provide information to students about job opportunities and hourly wages of occupations they are interested in. The experiment takes place within a widely-used career orientation program in the Netherlands, and involves 28, 186 pre-vocational secondary education students in 243 schools over two years. The information improves the accuracy of students' beliefs and leads them to change their preferred occupation to one with better labor market prospects. Administrative data that covers up to four years after the experiment shows that students choose (and remain in) post-secondary education programs with better job opportunities and higher hourly wages as a result of the information treatment. |
| Keywords: | field experiment, labor market information, education choice |
| JEL: | C93 D83 I26 J24 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17951 |
| By: | Nofal, Bastián Castro; Flores, Ignacio; Cubillos, Pablo Gutiérrez |
| Abstract: | This paper examines wealth inequality dynamics in Chile from 2007 to 2021, focusing on two key macroeconomic events: the sharp rise in housing prices after the introduction of a real estate value-added tax in 2016 and the substantial liquidation of pension assets through early withdrawals during the pandemic. We introduce a methodological innovation that aims to improve the measurement of wealth inequality by integrating administrative pension fund records into household wealth surveys using machine learning techniques. Our results reveal extreme levels of wealth concentration, with the top 10% holding approximately two-thirds of national private wealth. However, inequality slightly declined over the period, particularly after 2016, as the outcome of two opposing forces: housing appreciation, which benefited middle-class households, and pension fund withdrawals, which disproportionately reduced wealth at the lower end of the distribution. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper) |
| Date: | 2025–06–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:b8zve_v1 |
| By: | Dennis Gaus; Heike Link |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a systematic analysis of peoples’ decision to purchase the Deutschlandticket, identifying primary customer groups and the role of public transport irregularities such as delays and cancellations. It builds on a panel dataset covering survey answers from almost 3000 participants between March and December 2023 and applies a series of binary logit models. The results confirm that the main customer group of the Deutschlandticket consists of younger people and (fulltime) workers. The ticket does not significantly contribute to a modal shift towards public transport, as it is primarily purchased by people who were frequent public transport users or even owners of a season ticket already in the past, whereas car owners refrain from purchasing the ticket. It cannot be confirmed that an increase in public transport reliability could boost ownership of the Deutschlandticket, as the impact of irregularities on the purchase decision is small and limited to specific subgroups. |
| Keywords: | Public transport fares, ticket purchase decision, travel surveys, public transport reliability |
| JEL: | D12 R41 R48 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2124 |
| By: | Merrill, Nathaniel; Vinhateiro, Nathan; Uchida, Emi; Reiblich, Jesse; Torell, Elin; Schechter, Sarah; Feldman, Leah; Weitman, Claudia; Powell, Drew |
| Abstract: | Sea level rise poses significant risks to coastal infrastructure and recreational activities, limiting public coastal access. In this study, we evaluate the current use and measure the recreational value of coastal access areas in Bristol County, Rhode Island, while assessing the vulnerability of those areas to rising sea levels. By combining measurements of non-market economic value derived from cellular device location data with modeled future sea level projections, we quantify the economic value at risk under different inundation scenarios. We produce site-level results which provide context and quantifiable measurements of social value that can guide prioritization of mitigation strategies to address future impacts. We discuss the benefits and challenges of integrating social and environmental data and methods. |
| Date: | 2025–06–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:cegy4_v1 |
| By: | Xu, Hui (Beijing Normal University); Zhang, Zheyuan (Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing); Zhao, Zhong (Renmin University of China) |
| Abstract: | Social interaction plays an important role in early language development, and family is considered a major arena for socialization. However, little is known about the potential impact of one particular demographic group of parents, notably those parents who were themselves only children. This paper empirically examines the effect of being only-child parents on the language ability of their children. The results show that children whose parents are both only children have significantly lower language skills. We further examine urban and rural children respectively, and find that the lower language ability is mainly driven by rural children as they are more constrained by their family socio-economic background. Three channels have been identified to explore the relationship between only-child parents and the lower language ability of their children: intergenerational cognitive transmission; parental engagement in the school life of their children; children’s social relationship. Contrary to language ability, the math ability is not affected, suggesting that social interaction plays an important role in the development of language, but does not influence math cognitive skills. |
| Keywords: | only-child, child development, cognitive skill, parental investment, social interaction |
| JEL: | J12 J13 J24 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17918 |
| By: | Kejriwal, Mayank |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the potential health impacts of implementing a hypothetical Congestion Charging Scheme (CCS) in Los Angeles (LA), a city facing significant traffic-related air pollution. Traffic emissions are a major source of pollutants like particulate matter (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which have been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Utilizing intervention-based epidemiological study designs, the research estimates the effects of a proposed 25% traffic reduction in downtown LA. Simulated results indicate a substantial decrease in NO2 and PM10 levels, with predicted increases of 1, 263.58 years of life gained (YLG) in the greater LA area over a decade. The discussion highlights the potential of CCS to not only reduce pollution but also address socio-economic disparities in health outcomes. This model could serve as a blueprint for other urban areas considering similar policy interventions. |
| Date: | 2025–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:fk9wm_v2 |
| By: | Yang Qiang |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the socioeconomic impacts of extracurricular education, specifically private tutoring, on social mobility in Japan. Using data from the 2015 National Survey on Social Stratification and Social Mobility (SSM), we employed a causal machine learning approach to evaluate this educational intervention on income, educational attainment, and occupational prestige. Our research suggests that while shadow education holds the potential for positive socioeconomic impacts, its benefits are undermined by the economic disparities among households, resulting in minimal overall improvement. This highlights the complex mechanisms between individual demographics and educational interventions, revealing promising machine learning applications in this field. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2506.07421 |
| By: | Tomoya Mori; Jens Wrona |
| Abstract: | To test the localized tastes hypothesis, we use historical dialect similarity as an instrument to predict the persistent component of regional taste differences. Analyzing wholesale markets for fruits and vegetables in Japan, we find that predicted taste differences have a strong, statistically significant effect, explaining approximately 9% of the mean volatility in law-of-one-price deviations. Our findings are robust across extensive validity checks, which scrutinize and relax our exclusion restriction, distinguishing between various sources of endogeneity, and confirm our baseline results based on alternative instruments, which exploit exogenous differences in agro-climatic endowments. |
| Keywords: | market integration, tastes, culture, dialects |
| JEL: | D12 F15 N75 Q11 R22 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11872 |
| By: | Ewald, Katrin; Wasserman, Lisa |
| Abstract: | The 2025 Traffic Safety Public Opinion Study was conducted for the California Office of Traffic Safety (OTS) and the Safe Transportation Research and Education Center of UC Berkeley (SafeTREC). The findings of the 2025 Study are based on a sample size and eligibility criteria similar to previous years of data collection. A total of 2, 319 responses were collected in April and May 2025 using an online selfadministered survey. Similar to previous years of the study, the survey panelists were provided through Marketing Services Group, a commercial sample and panel vendor. The survey findings of the 2025 Traffic Safety Public Opinion Study are outlined in this report together with a comparison to previous years of data collection. Every effort was made to ensure the data representativeness and accuracy of the findings. To ensure a sample composition comparable to previous years, six quota groups were set for age and gender groups based on the California census, as well as based on the age groupings of previous waves of the Traffic Safety Study. To be eligible to participate in the study participants were required to have a valid California driver’s license, live in California, and be 18 years or older. Screened and eligible respondents were forwarded to a brief 10- minute self-administered online survey programmed and managed by Ewald and Wasserman Research (E&W). |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, traffic safety, distracted driving, driving under the influence, pedestrian safety, bicyclist safety, driverless vehicles |
| Date: | 2025–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt5b9024k9 |
| By: | Wu, Shuping (Beijing Jiaotong University); Stevenson, Simon (Strome College of Business, Old Dominion University); Young, James (University of Oklahoma); Yang, Zan (Department of Real Estate and Construction Management, Royal Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | Urban land in China is state-owned and primarily allocated by the government via a two-stage auction process. Compared with auction mechanisms in other markets and countries, China’s two-stage land auctions have a unique structure in that the first stage is an open-bid survival auction with a fixed deadline. This paper uses bid history data for land auctions in Beijing to analyze jump bidding behavior, investigating its effects on subsequent bidding and the final sale price achieved. We find that jump bidding increases the likelihood that the next bid is also a jump bid and that it accelerates the bid submission process in the first stage. Furthermore, jump bidding generates two-way effects on the land price. While it prevents lower-value bidders from entering the second stage, it can also trigger a ‘jump war’ between higher-value bidders. The findings in this paper suggest alternative bidding strategies within the two-stage auction structure and also provide an auction-based behavioral explanation for urban land price dynamics in China. |
| Keywords: | land price; land auction structure; jump bidding; sniping; bid history data |
| JEL: | D44 L11 R32 |
| Date: | 2025–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:kthrec:2025_005 |