|
on Urban and Real Estate Economics |
| By: | Richard Hornbeck; Guy Michaels; Ferdinand Rauch |
| Abstract: | We examine "agglomeration shadows" that emerge around large cities, which discourage some economic activities in nearby areas. Identifying agglomeration shadows is complicated, however, by endogenous city formation and "wave interference" that we show in simulations. We use the locations of ancient ports near the Mediterranean, which seeded modern cities, to estimate agglomeration shadows cast on nearby areas. We find that empirically, as in the simulations, detectable agglomeration shadows emerge for large cities around ancient ports. These patterns extend to modern city locations more generally and illustrate how encouraging growth in particular places can discourage growth of nearby areas. |
| Keywords: | agglomeration shadow, urban hierarchy, new economic geography |
| Date: | 2024–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2013 |
| By: | Croce, Giuseppe; Piselli, Paolo |
| Abstract: | The gap in the employment dynamics between larger urban areas and other areas has widened dramatically in recent decades in advanced economies. A proposed explanation for this trend argues that the technological change occurs with greater intensity in larger urban areas than in medium and small cities, since it interacts with the urban agglomeration forces. In particular, more qualified, better paid jobs are expected to grow more in larger cities. This work focuses on the dynamics of most paying jobs and their spatial distribution across different-size cities in Italy in the period between 1993 and 2016. We investigate whether their share has grown and whether its growth has actually been concentrated in the larger cities. Using Bank of Italy’s Survey of Household Income and Wealth (SHIW), we find that the share of most paying jobs has increased in aggregate but its growth in large cities was much weaker than in medium and small cities and even negative after 2008. We also estimate a probit IV model of the worker’s probability of being employed in a most paying job across cities. The results show that being in a bigger city does not increase the chances of getting a better paid job. Furthermore, a shift-share decomposition reveals that the weak growth of most paying jobs in larger cities is only partly explained by the sectoral shifts. Our evidence can be explained by the slow diffusion of new technologies in the Italian economy. Moreover, it is consistent with studies showing the poor performance of the largest urban economies in Italy. |
| Keywords: | employment change, technological change, most paying jobs, cities, local labour markets, agglomeration |
| JEL: | J24 J31 O14 O18 O33 R11 |
| Date: | 2024–06–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121228 |
| By: | I. Etzo; R. Paci; C. Usala |
| Abstract: | Our study examines the relationship between university student mobility and local economic dynamics. Universities are pivotal in shaping societies and economies as hubs of knowledge creation, innovation, and cultural exchange. While recent research underscores the significant impact of university students on local development, there is a notable gap in understanding the distinct effects of mobile versus resident students on the local economy. Using data from 90 NUTS3 provinces in Italy between 2013 and 2019, we investigate the spatial inequalities generated by student mobility. Our focus is on secondlevel university students, who are closer to entering the labor market and thus have a more immediate impact on the local economy. Employing a standard fixed effects growth model, our findings reveal that incoming students significantly boost the economic growth of the destination province, particularly in the Center-North regions (brain gain). Conversely, the southern provinces suffer reduced growth due to the loss of talented students (brain drain). Thus, student mobility exacerbates the enduring spatial disparities in Italy contributing to uneven economic development across regions. |
| Keywords: | spatial disparities;brain drain;mobile university students;growth model |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cns:cnscwp:202411 |
| By: | Li, Yue; Zhao, Qunshan; Wang, Mingshu |
| Abstract: | Traffic flow data has been used in various disciplines, including geography, transportation, urban planning, and public health. However, existing datasets often have limitations such as low spatiotemporal resolution and inconsistent quality due to data collection methods and the lack of adequate data cleaning process. This paper introduces a long-term traffic flow dataset at an intra-city scale with high spatio-temporal granularity. The dataset covers the Glasgow City Council area for four consecutive years spanning the COVID-19 pandemic, from October 2019 to September 2023, providing comprehensive temporal and spatial coverage. Such detailed information facilitates diverse applications, including traffic dynamic analysis, traffic management, infrastructure planning, and urban environment improvement. Also, it provides a valuable dataset to understand traffic flow change during a once-in-a-lifetime pandemic event. |
| Date: | 2024–06–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:qgf2j |
| By: | Paul Cheshire; Christian A. L. Hilber |
| Abstract: | The housing affordability crisis not only restricts access to decent housing, or housing at all, but it has adverse effects on equality, social cohesion, retirement planning, productivity and economic growth. |
| Keywords: | Election 2024, UK Economy, housing, planning, election2024 |
| Date: | 2024–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepeap:061 |
| By: | Berliant, Marcus |
| Abstract: | We examine the fine microstructure of commuting in a game-theoretic setting with a continuum of commuters. Commuters' home and work locations can be heterogeneous. A commuter transport network is exogenous. Traffic speed is determined by link capacity and by local congestion at a time and place along a link, where local congestion at a time and place is endogenous. The model can be reinterpreted to apply to congestion on the internet. We find sufficient conditions for existence of equilibrium, that multiple equilibria are ubiquitous, and that the welfare properties of morning and evening commute equilibria differ on a generalization of a directed tree. |
| Keywords: | Commuting; Internet traffic; Congestion externality; Efficient Nash equilibrium; Price of anarchy |
| JEL: | L86 R41 |
| Date: | 2024–06–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121330 |
| By: | Hanna Schwank |
| Abstract: | Natural disasters are growing in frequency globally. Understanding how vulnerable populations respond to these disasters is essential for effective policy response. This paper explores the short- and long-run consequences of the 1906 San Francisco Fire, one of the largest urban fires in American history. Using linked Census records, I follow residents of San Francisco and their children from 1900 to 1940. Historical records suggest that exogenous factors such as wind and the availability of water determined where the fire stopped. I implement a spatial regression discontinuity design across the boundary of the razed area to identify the effect of the fire on those who lost their home to it. I find that in the short run, the fire displaced affected residents, forced them into lower paying occupations and out of entrepreneurship. Experiencing the disaster disrupted children’s school attendance and led to an average loss of six months of education. While most effects attenuated over time, the negative effect on business ownership persists even in 1940, 34 years after the fire. Therefore, my findings reject the hope for a “reversal of fortune” for the victims, in contrast to what is found for more recent natural disasters such as hurricane Katrina. |
| Keywords: | Natural Disasters; Internal Migration; Economic History, Regional and Urban Economics |
| JEL: | N91 N31 Q54 O15 J61 J62 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_571 |
| By: | Demetrio Guzzardi (Institute of Economics and EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna); Salvatore Morelli (University of Roma Tre, Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality, GC-CUNY, and CSEF) |
| Abstract: | Detailed distributional estimates at finer geographical levels remain scarce, despite their critical relevance for household well being and policy intervention. This paper leverages Italian income tax records dating back to 1976 focusing on top income concentration and inequality across the country’s regions, macro-areas, and the recently introduced classification of the National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI). Our analysis reveals a persistent rise in income concentration over the past few decades, particularly among the top earners, while also highlighting nuanced regional and sub-regional dynamics. Notably, city size plays a crucial role, with larger cities experiencing a more pronounced level of income concentration compared to smaller ones. Southern regions exhibit lower income concentration levels among the top income groups, emphasizing the need for disaggregated analyses to capture these complexities accurately. |
| Keywords: | Income Inequality; Top Income Shares; Italy; Inner Areas; Spatial Inequality; Income Tax Data; National Accounts. |
| JEL: | D31 H20 J3 R1 |
| Date: | 2024–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sef:csefwp:718 |
| By: | QIN, Abby Youran; Dubree, Wil; Wagner, Michael W. |
| Abstract: | Political homophily has been extensively examined as an individual tendency, but we know little about the social, cultural, and economic conditions that foster homophilic connections. We offer a contextual explanation of political homophily and shed light on spatial polarization from a social-communication network perspective by combining GLMNet models, spatial lag regressions, and geographically weighted regressions to examine various ecological factors’ roles in the political homophily observable in county-level physical mobility and Facebook friendship networks. Overall, our analyses suggest that urban culture characterized by large population, robust local news provision, racial-ethnic diversity, and progressive political culture tend to foster politically inclusive connections. More specifically, the proportion of Democrats is strongly associated with more cross-cutting connections, both online and offline. While population size is associated with lower offline homophily, racial-national diversity and local news availability play more important roles in lowering online homophily. Geographical contexts matter in the way people socialize with one another, even in the era of internet and social media. |
| Date: | 2024–06–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3yg8q |
| By: | Schmitz, Tom; Colantone, Italo; Ottaviano, Gianmarco |
| Abstract: | This paper shows how to combine microeconometric evidence on the effects of environmental policy with a macroeconomic model, accounting for general equilibrium spillovers that have mostly been ignored in the literature. To this end, we study the effects of a recent US air pollution policy. We use regression evidence on the policy’s impact across industries and local labor markets to calibrate a quantitative spatial model allowing for general equilibrium spillovers. Our model implies that the policy lowered emissions by 11.1%, but destroyed approximately 250’000 jobs. Ignoring spillovers overestimates job losses in polluting industries, but underestimates job losses in clean industries. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–06–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:343507 |
| By: | Nikhil Datta |
| Abstract: | This paper studies monopsony power in a low pay labour market and explores its determinants. I emphasise the role of the spatial distribution of activity and workers' distaste for commuting in generating imperfect substitutability between jobs, and heterogeneity in monopsony power. To formalise the role of commutes in generating monopsony power I develop a job search model where utility depends on wages, commutes and an idiosyncratic component. The model endogenously defines probabilistic spatial labour markets which are point specific and overlapping, and generates labour supply to the firm elasticities which vary across space. Distaste for commuting is shown to increase monopsony power, but does so heterogeneously, increasing monopsony power in rural areas more than in denser urban ones. Using detailed applicant data for a firm with hundreds of establishments across the UK, coupled with two sources of job-establishment level exogenous wage variation I estimate the model parameters and show that commutes generate considerable spatial heterogeneity in monopsony power and are responsible for approximately 1/3 of the total wage markdown. A decomposition exploiting the granularity of the model demonstrates that 40% of spatial variation in monopsony power is within Travel To Work Areas. Calculating employer concentration based on highly-granular 1km2 grids and probability of applying across grids based on pair-wise grid travel times shows how coarsely discretised labour markets such as Commuting Zones can cause sizeable mismeasurement in concentration measures. |
| Keywords: | monopsony |
| Date: | 2024–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2012 |
| By: | F. Aresu; E. Marrocu; R. Paci |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the economic impact of European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) for 262 EU NUTS2 regions over the period 2000-2019. Differently from previous contributions, we focus on the impact of ESIF on regional Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth, which allowed us to account for other sources of regional investments. A relevant contribution of this study is the thorough examination of the effect of the four main funds included in ESIF on the productivity of a comprehensive set of EU regions. Results show the prevailing effectiveness of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), featuring a great deal of heterogeneity over time and across EU geographic areas. Moreover, by analyzing the role played by the European Agricultural Fund (EAFRD) on the TFP of the agricultural sector, we found that its growth impact crucially depends on the initial level of regional sectoral TFP. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of ESIF economic impact and suggest policy implications for enhancing their contribution to regional economic development. |
| Keywords: | European Structural and Investment Funds;regional development;Spatial Error Model;European Union |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cns:cnscwp:202412 |
| By: | Shen, Mingzhou; Fan, Qin; Fisher-Vanden, Karen; Wrenn, Douglas H. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics And Policy, Labor And Human Capital, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:343565 |
| By: | Jinkyong Choi; Jorge Guzman; Mario L. Small |
| Abstract: | Sociologists have shown that “third places” such as neighborhood cafés help people maintain and use their network ties. Do they help local entrepreneurs, for whom networks are important? We examine whether the introduction of Starbucks cafés into U.S. neighborhoods with no coffee shops increased entrepreneurship. We find that, when compared to census tracts that were scheduled to receive a Starbucks but did not do so, tracts that received a Starbucks saw an increase in the number of startups of 5.0% to 11.8% (or 1.1 to 3.5 firms) per year, over the subsequent 7 years. There was no effect on neighborhoods with prior cafés. A partnership between Starbucks and Magic Johnson focused on underprivileged neighborhoods produced larger effects. Starbucks locations with more square footage and those with a higher number of visits also produced larger effects. |
| JEL: | L26 R23 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32604 |
| By: | Will Brett-Harding; Henry G. Overman |
| Abstract: | This briefing looks at the causes and consequences of UK spatial disparities and what, if anything, policy can do to address them. |
| Keywords: | Election 2024, Economic geography, Productivity, UK Economy, election2024 |
| Date: | 2024–06–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepeap:059 |
| By: | Paul Cheshire |
| Abstract: | Paul Cheshire began to investigate the economic effects of the UK's planning system 40 years ago. Here he draws on a recent public lecture - and panel discussion with Stephen Aldridge, Kate Barker and Simon Wolfson - to explain how two generations of failure to build enough houses have led to considerable damage to employment, productivity and equality. |
| Keywords: | UK Economy, housing, planning, Economic geography |
| Date: | 2024–06–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepcnp:680 |
| By: | Porreca, Zachary |
| Abstract: | I analyze the demand side impacts of a supply side intervention into the market for illegal drugs in what has been described as America's largest open air drug market. Beginning in 2018, the Pennsylvania Attorney General's office and the Philadelphia Police Department engaged in an ambitious effort to shut down the drug market in Philadelphia's Kensington neighborhood. The intervention involved increased police presence in the targeted area alongside a series of targeted "kingpin" sweeps which were intended to remove the most pervasive operators from the market. I employ highly granular Safegraph cell phone location data to track changes in traffic flows between census block groups, observing that the initiative led to sizable and persistent reductions in traffic flows to the target area. Additionally, in contrast to substitution effects observed in other work, I observe that the initiative led to reductions in traffic flows to other regional drug markets and large declines in overdose mortality in the Philadelphia metropolitan area as a whole, suggesting a genuine reduction in the demand for illegal narcotics. With a combination of theory and empirics, I argue that this reduction in regional demand is able to be achieved due to the initiative disrupting a supply-chain that data indicates flows from the target area outwards to smaller satellite markets. Together this all suggests that, despite the inelastic demand for narcotics, regionally linked markets can be impacted broadly by location specific interventions. |
| Keywords: | Drug Markets, Supply Side Enforcement, Cell Phone Locations, Kensington |
| JEL: | K42 R12 I19 H00 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1455 |
| By: | Daniele Spinelli (University of Milano-Bicocca) |
| Abstract: | Spatial regressions can be estimated in Stata using the spregress, spxtregress, and spivregress commands. These commands allow users to Ft spatial autoregressive models in cross-sectional and panel data. They are designed to estimate regressions with continuous dependent variables. The spatbinary command now allows Stata users to Ft spatial logit and probit models, which are important models in applied econometrics. |
| Date: | 2024–05–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:isug24:12 |
| By: | Lindquist, Matthew J. (SOFI, Stockholm University); Patacchini, Eleonora (Cornell University); Vlassopoulos, Michael (University of Southampton); Zenou, Yves (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | We study spillover effects within co-offending networks by leveraging deaths of co-offenders for causal identification. Our results demonstrate that the death of a co-offender significantly reduces the criminal activities of other network members. We observe a decaying pattern in the magnitude of these spillover effects: individuals directly linked to a deceased offender experience the most significant impact, followed by those two steps away, and then those three steps away. Moreover, we find that the death of a more central co-offender leads to a larger reduction in aggregate crime. We also provide evidence consistent with a new theoretical prediction suggesting that the loss of a co-offender shrinks the future information set of offenders, altering their perceptions of the probability of being convicted and consequently affecting their criminal behavior. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding spillover effects for policymakers seeking to develop more effective strategies for crime prevention. |
| Keywords: | networks, crime, key players, exogenous deaths, spillovers |
| JEL: | A14 D85 K42 Z13 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17113 |
| By: | de Bromhead, Alan (University College Dublin); Kenny, Seán (Department of Economic History, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | This paper constructs the first estimates of Irish regional GDP over the twentieth century and traces the relative economic performance of Ireland’s regions since independence. Using an array of data sources available at a county level, output inAgriculture, Industry and S ervices in benchmark census years is estimated. Applying a variety of alternative measures, we find a reduction in regional inequality over the period that is similar to the broader European pattern. Regional convergence over the period 1926-1991 was driven by both within-sector convergence in productivity and structural change. Our paper helps to understand the regional dimensions to Irish economic development from the birth of a newly independent state up to the eve of Ireland's growth 'miracle' in the 1990s, when the first official efforts were initiated to construct these figures. Finally, we connect our estimates to these official figures to examine GDP at the level of NUTS regions up to 2021. |
| Keywords: | Regional GDP; Ireland; Economic History; Inequality; Economic Growth |
| JEL: | N34 N94 O18 R11 R12 |
| Date: | 2024–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:luekhi:0259 |
| By: | Tessa Hall; Alan Manning |
| Abstract: | In 2023, the majority of migrants were workers or students, and their dependants. Humanitarian immigration also increased - with visa schemes set up for those fleeing Ukraine and Hong Kong. |
| Keywords: | Election 2024, Election2024, UK Economy, Immigration |
| Date: | 2024–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepeap:062 |
| By: | Benjamin Goldman; Jamie Gracie; Sonya R. Porter |
| Abstract: | Americans rarely marry outside of their race or class group. We distinguish between two possible explanations: a lack of exposure to other groups versus a preference to marry within group. We develop an instrument for neighborhood exposure to opposite-sex members of other race and class groups using variation in sex ratios among nearby birth cohorts in childhood neighborhoods. We then test whether increased exposure results in more interracial (white-Black) and interclass (top-to-bottom parent income quartile) marriages. Increased exposure to opposite-sex members of other class groups generates a substantial increase in interclass marriage, but increased exposure to other race groups has no detectable effect on interracial marriage. We use these results to estimate a spatial model of the marriage market and quantify the impact of reducing residential segregation in general equilibrium. For small changes in exposure, the model implies effects in line with recent estimates from policy experiments. We then use the model to assess the overall contribution of segregation and find that residential segregation has large effects on interclass, but not interracial, marriage. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:24-30 |
| By: | Germán J. Reyes; Evan Riehl; Ruqing Xu |
| Abstract: | We examine a natural experiment in Brazil in which similar students took the same standardized test as either a low-stakes school accountability exam or a high-stakes admission exam for the country's top universities. Using administrative data and a difference-in-differences design, we find that test score gaps between high- and low-income students expanded on the high-stakes exam, consistent with wealthy students engaging in test prep. Yet the increase in stakes made scores more informative for students' college outcomes. Thus the "muddling" of information on natural ability and test prep improved the quality of the score signal, although it also exacerbated inequality. |
| JEL: | I23 I24 J24 M5 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32608 |
| By: | Marc Claveria-Mayol; Pau Mil\'an; Nicol\'as Oviedo-D\'avila |
| Abstract: | Risk-averse workers in a team exert effort to produce joint output. Workers' incentives are connected via chains of productivity spillovers, represented by a network of peer-effects. We study the problem of a principal offering wage contracts that simultaneously incentivize and insure agents. We solve for the optimal linear contract for any network and show that optimal incentives are loaded more heavily on workers that are more central in a specific way. We conveniently link firm profits to network structure via the networks spectral properties. When firms can't personalize contracts, better connected workers extract rents. In this case, a group composition result follows: large within-group differences in centrality can decrease firm's profits. Finally, we find that modular production has important implications for how peer structures distribute incentives. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.11712 |
| By: | Shrestha, Samyam; Kadam, Aditi; Gaddis, Isis; Javed, Amna |
| Keywords: | International Development, Labor And Human Capital |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:344057 |
| By: | Harari, Mariaflavia; Wong, Maisy |
| Abstract: | We study the role of Dutch colonial institutions on urban development for the megacity of Jakarta, Indonesia. Using historical maps of Dutch settlements and a rich granular database, we implement a boundary discontinuity design comparing locations within 200 meters of Dutch boundaries. We find that historical Dutch areas today have significantly lower parcel density, are more likely to have formally registered parcels, and have more regular parcel layout, pointing to the importance of planning and mapping. Dutch settlements are also more likely to appear formal, as per a photographic index that ranks the appearance of neighborhoods. More broadly, Dutch areas are 11 percentage points more likely to have tall buildings (with more than 3 floors) and have 17 log points higher assessed land values. We consider channels such as natural advantage, direct Dutch investments, and land market institutions. |
| Keywords: | Urbanization, Property Rights, Informality, Institutions |
| JEL: | R0 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121334 |
| By: | Lee Elliot Major; Andrew Eyles; Esme Lillywhite; Stephen Machin |
| Abstract: | The impact of the pandemic on education means that pupils in England are on course for lower GCSE grades well into the 2030s. Lee Elliot Major, Andrew Eyles, Esme Lillywhite and Stephen Machin say that the school system needs rebalancing to support pupils' cognitive and socio-emotional skills and thereby improve the education and life outcomes for the Covid generation. |
| Keywords: | Covid-19, Social mobility, education, equality |
| Date: | 2024–06–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepcnp:678 |
| By: | Subhankar Ghosh; Jayant Gupta; Arun Sharma; Shuai An; Shashi Shekhar |
| Abstract: | Given a set \emph{S} of spatial feature types, its feature instances, a study area, and a neighbor relationship, the goal is to find pairs $ $ such that \emph{C} is a statistically significant regional-colocation pattern in $r_{g}$. This problem is important for applications in various domains including ecology, economics, and sociology. The problem is computationally challenging due to the exponential number of regional colocation patterns and candidate regions. Previously, we proposed a miner \cite{10.1145/3557989.3566158} that finds statistically significant regional colocation patterns. However, the numerous simultaneous statistical inferences raise the risk of false discoveries (also known as the multiple comparisons problem) and carry a high computational cost. We propose a novel algorithm, namely, multiple comparisons regional colocation miner (MultComp-RCM) which uses a Bonferroni correction. Theoretical analysis, experimental evaluation, and case study results show that the proposed method reduces both the false discovery rate and computational cost. |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2407.02536 |
| By: | Victor Aguirregabiria; Robert Clark; Hui Wang |
| Abstract: | Geographic dispersion of depositors, borrowers, and banks may prevent funding from flowing to high loan demand areas, limiting credit access. Using bank-county-year level data, we provide evidence of the geographic imbalance of deposits and loans and develop a methodology for investigating the contribution to this imbalance of branch networks, market power, and scope economies. Results are based on a novel measure of imbalance and estimation of a structural model of bank competition that admits interconnections across locations and between deposit and loan markets. Counterfactual experiments show branch networks and competition contribute importantly to credit flow but benefit more affluent markets. |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2407.03517 |
| By: | Panagiotis Bouras; Joaquín Saldain; Xing Guo; Thomas Michael Pugh; Maria teNyenhuis |
| Abstract: | We assess how much the recent rate-hike cycle has and will affect mortgage borrowers' consumption through its impacts on mortgage payments. Our analysis provides insights into the effects of changes in monetary policy on the consumption of mortgage borrowers. |
| Keywords: | Interest rates; Monetary policy; Recent economic and financial developments |
| JEL: | D1 D13 E2 E21 G5 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocsan:24-14 |
| By: | Max Brès; Philipp Kircher; David Koll |
| Abstract: | This paper provides causal evidence on the impact of subsidy re-allocation between high technology sectors and low-skill sectors on local labor markets. We exploit a policy targeting under-performing employment areas, France’s Aides à Finalité Régionale, which relaxes rules governing the allocation of firm subsidies while keeping their level constant. In response, policy makers re-allocate subsidies away from research and development to mainly low-skilled manufacturing and service sectors. It triggers a persistent improvement of employment, mainly through increased low-skilled manufacturing employment and at the expense of R&D related occupations. In the long term, though, labor income and productivity decrease. Finally, at the individual level, workers employed in manufacturing at the time of the treatment benefit on average of 2% higher hourly wage even 10 years after the policy was lifted. |
| Keywords: | subsidy allocation, place-based policies, manufacturing, R&D, employment and wages, underperforming areas |
| JEL: | H25 J21 J31 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_573 |
| By: | Ben Jann (University of Bern) |
| Abstract: | geoplot is a new command for drawing maps from shapeFles and other datasets. Multiple layers of elements such as regions, borders, lakes, roads, labels, and symbols can be freely combined, and the look of elements (for example, color) can be varied depending on the values of variables. Compared with previous solutions in Stata, geoplot provides more user convenience, more functionality, and more Qexibility. In this talk, I will introduce the basic components of the command and illustrate its use with examples. |
| Date: | 2024–05–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:isug24:11 |
| By: | Tseveenjav Lkhanaa (Bank of Mongolia) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of access to markets on livestock-related income of herder households in Mongolia. The empirical findings show that reducing the distance to markets by ten kilometers increases household income by 1.0 percent on average. |
| Keywords: | access to markets; market distance; rural poverty; rural household income; herder household income; household location |
| JEL: | I30 O12 O18 Q12 R3 |
| Date: | 2024–07–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gii:giihei:heidwp09-2024 |
| By: | Lucas Gortazar; Claudia Hupkau; Antonio Roldan Mones |
| Abstract: | Online tutoring can transform education for disadvantaged youngsters Online tutoring has emerged as an effective strategy for narrowing the educational gaps that were exacerbated by the pandemic. Lucas Gortazar, Claudia Hupkau and Antonio Roldán Monés outline the positive impact of an eight-week maths programme for teenagers in Spain, which not only raised their test scores but also their aspirations. |
| Keywords: | schools, online tutoring, mentoring, rct, mathematics, child outcomes |
| Date: | 2024–06–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepcnp:679 |
| By: | Kemmerling, Achim; Neugart, Michael |
| Abstract: | Redistributive so-called social pension schemes have seen a remarkable surge in developing countries. These schemes often target the rural elderly and correlate with urbanization rates, urban rural-wage differentials, and family norms. We use this stylized evidence to motivate a political economy model for a Beveridgean pension system with trade-offs between four groups: the (poorer) rural old and young, and the (richer) urban old and young. We show under which conditions governments will install a pension system and increase its generosity as the share of the urban population rises, productivity differentials between urban and rural workers widen, or the social norm erodes. Our conclusion is that the role of the rural–urban divide in shaping redistribution merits more scholarly attention, as the gap between cities and the countryside widens in many developing countries. |
| Date: | 2024–06–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:146282 |
| By: | Marc Claveria-Mayol |
| Abstract: | I study a moral hazard problem between a principal and multiple agents who experience positive peer effects represented by a (weighted) network. Under the optimal linear contract, the principal provides high-powered incentives to central agents in the network in order to exploit the larger incentive spillovers such agents create. The analysis reveals a novel measure of network centrality that captures rich channels of direct and indirect incentive spillovers and characterizes the optimal contract and its induced equilibrium efforts. The notion of centrality relevant for incentive spillovers in the model emphasizes the role of pairs of agents who link to common neighbors in the network. This characterization leads to a measure of marginal network effects and identifies the agents whom the principal targets with stronger incentives in response to the addition (or strengthening) of a link. When the principal can position agents with heterogeneous costs of effort in the network, the principal prefers to place low-cost agents in central positions. The results shed light on how firms can increase productivity through corporate culture, office layout, and social interactions. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.11660 |
| By: | Abel, Eirik B. (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration); Bütikofer, Aline (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration); Salvanes, Kjell Gunnar (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration) |
| Abstract: | This paper generates new insights into the effect of education on fertility and partner choice across multiple generations. Using an intensity-of-treatment design, we leverage population-wide panel data for Norway in combination with a school reform in the 1930s, changing the instruction time during the school year in rural municipalities. The reform was binding for most of the rural population and allows us to estimate the effect of education on fertility behavior across the life-cycle, partner choice, and spillover effects on the next generation’s fertility. We present robust evidence of reduced total fertility and an increase in the age at first birth driven by increased years of education, better labor market outcomes, and mating with better-educated partners. In addition, the reform also affected the fertility behavior of the children and decreased fertility rates across multiple generations. |
| Keywords: | Fertility; partner choice; rural municipalities; labor market outcomes |
| JEL: | I24 J13 J24 R11 |
| Date: | 2024–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhheco:2024_011 |
| By: | Abu Sayed Toyon, Mohammad |
| Abstract: | This study is designed to illuminate the role of four key constructs—teacher-student relationships, peer networks, satisfaction with support services, and employability trust—in shaping the social capital within universities. Utilising a sample of 1902 working students derived from the Eurostudent VII survey data, this research applies both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to validate the proposed model. The findings indicate that all four constructs demonstrate statistically significant and positive associations with university social capital. Crucially, the measures of reliability and validity are within an acceptable range, lending credibility to the findings. The teacher-student relationship was found to be the most influential factor, highlighting its crucial value in the functioning of social capital inside universities. Along with providing a framework for future studies on the ever-changing nature of social capital in universities, the results highlight the significance of cultivating an interconnected academic community, which enriches the educational organisation as a whole. |
| Date: | 2024–05–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:gej3d |
| By: | De Carvalho Reis Neves, Mateus; Bressan, Valéria; Shinkoda, Marcelo; Romero, João; Souza, Gustavo Henrique |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Development |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:343658 |
| By: | Michel Beine; Vincent Fromentin; Javier Sánchez Bachiller |
| Abstract: | An extensive literature has documented the incentive effect of emigration prospects in terms of human capital accumulation in origin countries. Much less attention has been paid to the impact on specific educational choices. We provide some evidence from the behavior of students at the University of Lorraine that is located in the northeast of France and close to Luxembourg, a booming economy with attractive work conditions. We find that students who paid attention to the foreign labor market at the time of enrollment tend to choose topics that lead to occupations that are highly valued in Luxembourg. These results hold when accounting for heterogeneous substitution patterns across study fields through the estimation of advanced discrete choice models. Incentive effects of emigration prospects are also found when accounting for the potential endogeneity of the interest for the foreign labor market using a control function approach based on the initial locations of these students at the time of enrollment. Consistently, students showing no attention to the foreign labor market are not subject to the incentive effect of emigration prospects. |
| Keywords: | brain gain, emigration prospects, educational choices, discrete choice modelling, labor markets |
| JEL: | C25 F22 J61 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11158 |
| By: | Bosco, Bruno; Bosco, Carlo Federico; Maranzano, Paolo |
| Abstract: | This paper uses the Italian income tax treatment of 2006/7 as a quasi-natural tax experiment to offer some fresh empirical evidence on how labour supply responds to exogenous income tax hikes. We adopt the identification strategy based on TWFE panel data Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to define the correct statistical framework of the study, and to benefit from the specific features of the above tax experiment, namely homogeneity and contemporaneity of the treatment. Results show that the extensive negative adjustments of various response variables measuring the supply of labour services offered by treated taxpayers are statistically significant, rapid, and strong but not long-time lasting. Not surprisingly, we also find that that treated families reduce in a similar manner their consumption with respect to families in the control groups. Analogous adjustment responses to tax hikes characterise the growth of per-capita regional GDP. The estimated aggregate effects of tax hikes are further compared with the spatial-temporal patterns observed for every response variable in treated and untreated regions. |
| Keywords: | Public Economics |
| Date: | 2024–06–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:343514 |
| By: | Gazilas, Emmanouil Taxiarchis |
| Abstract: | Intentional homicide rates represent a critical societal issue, impacting public safety and social stability across Europe. Understanding the socio-economic factors underlying these crimes is paramount for effective policy intervention. This research aims to investigate the socio-economic determinants of intentional homicides in 15 European countries over the period 2010-2021, providing insights into the complex relationship between economic indicators and violent crime rates. The study hypothesizes that economic prosperity, government debt, and access to financial services significantly influence intentional homicide rates, with countries exhibiting higher levels of economic development and financial inclusion experiencing lower homicide rates. Utilizing robust statistical and econometric techniques, including regression analysis and correlation matrices, the research examines the relationships between various socio-economic indicators and intentional homicide rates. Data spanning from national tax authorities, statistical agencies, and international organizations are meticulously analyzed to uncover meaningful patterns and associations. The findings reveal compelling associations between economic indicators and intentional homicide rates. Higher GDP per capita and greater financial inclusion are correlated with lower homicide rates, while elevated levels of government debt exhibit a negative association with homicide rates. These results underscore the multifaceted nature of crime dynamics and highlight the importance of considering broader socio-economic factors in understanding violent crime patterns. The study contributes to both theoretical knowledge and practical policymaking by offering insights into the socio-economic determinants of intentional homicides. These findings can inform evidence-based policy interventions aimed at promoting social stability and enhancing public safety across Europe, emphasizing the importance of addressing underlying economic factors in crime prevention strategies. |
| Keywords: | Intentional Homicides, Socio-Economic Factors, Public Safety, Economic Prosperity, Financial Inclusion, Policy Interventions |
| JEL: | D74 H56 I12 K14 O15 |
| Date: | 2024–03–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121304 |
| By: | Jorge Pérez Pérez; José G. Nuño-Ledesma |
| Abstract: | Between 2004 and 2018, the spread of wages in Mexico's private labor sector remained stable. Nonetheless, the underlying factors behind salary dispersion underwent significant shifts. To uncover these changes, we analyze an employer-employee dataset comprising the near-universe of Mexico's formal employment. We estimate log wage models and decompose earnings dispersions into worker, workplace and sorting components. At the national level, we find that sorting increased its importance over time. While worker-level factors were the main contributors to salary variability in the 2004-2008 period, workplace factors became as important as worker-level factors in the 2014-2018 time segment. The influence of workplace factors on wage dispersion correlates negatively with per capita GDP at the regional level. |
| Keywords: | Assortative matching;regional development;wage dispersion;workplace wage premia |
| JEL: | J21 J31 R23 O15 O54 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2024-06 |
| By: | Selam Robi |
| Abstract: | African cities are increasingly seen as key to unlocking national structural transformation and inclusive growth, as they tend to host the majority of the non-productive and informal labour force; attract the lion's share of domestic investment in non-productive sectors; and host different political-economic relations and power configurations to those observed at the national scale. |
| Keywords: | Urban politics, Structural transformation, Political settlements, Deals & Development, Informality, Governance, Urbanization |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2024-40 |
| By: | Hans-Martin von Gaudecker (University of Bonn); Radost Holler (University of Bonn); Lenard Simon (University of Bonn & German Council of Economic Experts); Christian Zimpelmann (Institute of Labor Economics) |
| Abstract: | This study examines how the Covid-19 pandemic-induced shift towards remote work has influenced parents' allocation of non-market and market work. Utilizing a probability-based panel survey and comprehensive administrative records from the Netherlands covering the years 2014 to 2021, we demonstrate that the potential for remote work has been significantly realized only after the onset of the pandemic. Simultaneously, following a brief period of school and daycare closures, the total time parents spent on childcare returned to pre-pandemic levels. Notably, while the potential for remote work was associated with reduced childcare provision before the pandemic, this relationship reversed post-pandemic onset. We interpret this shift as an indication of increased flexibility for parents, with fathers experiencing greater gains than mothers. Consequently, the division of childcare duties has become more equitable, and mothers have increased their working hours. Our findings suggest that broader acceptance of remote work by employers could foster greater gender convergence in the intra-household division of labor. |
| Keywords: | Job flexibility, remote work, childcare, division of labor, time-use data |
| JEL: | J13 J16 J22 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkdps:321 |
| By: | Christian Ghiglino; Nicole Tabasso |
| Abstract: | Interaction with individuals from other socioeconomic classes has been shown to be a main driver for social mobility. We employ tools of social identity theory and network analysis to show how exposure to individuals of different social identities can lead to interactions with them, and an adoption of their identity, creating social mobility. We find that even if all individuals have the same ability, they may endogenously choose different identities, leading to different classes and actions. In particular, we derive a sufficient condition for such an equilibrium to exist, which equates to a novel measure of cohesion. Furthermore, we show that the most socially mobile individuals (changing their identity) are those who either have few connections or a more heterogeneous mix of identities in their connections. Finally, we show that upward social mobility increases action levels in society, but not necessarily welfare. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.10972 |
| By: | Liang, Wanqi; Hua, Yunei; Li, Wenying; Dorfman, Jeffrey H. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/ Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:343719 |
| By: | Friberg, Richard (Dept. of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics); Steen, Frode (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration); Ulsaker, Simen Aardal (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration) |
| Abstract: | We use COVID-19 border closings and comprehensive store-level data on Norwegian alcohol sales to quantify the effect cross-border shopping of alcohol on sales volume and commodity tax revenue. Effects are large, for instance we estimate that commodity tax revenue for wine is about 20% lower because of cross-border shopping. Using product level data we establish that effects come from across all products rather than just a few, but effects are especially marked for bag-in-box wines. Neither availability of the exact same product in Sweden nor idiosyncratic product-level price difference with respect to Sweden has any marked effect on the impact of cross-border shopping on sales. |
| Keywords: | Cross-border shopping; Commodity taxes; Excise taxes; Tax Competition |
| JEL: | D62 F15 H20 |
| Date: | 2024–07–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhheco:2024_012 |
| By: | Nahim Bin Zahur |
| Abstract: | The liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry is characterized by systematic inter-regional price differentials, raising the question of whether sellers price discriminate. This paper measures market power in the LNG spot market and studies how market power influences pricing, trade and welfare. I develop a novel method for inferring market conduct that utilizes information on sellers’ pricing and quantity decisions across multiple geographically segmented markets. My test for market conduct is based on the observation that sellers exercising market power engage in third-degree price discrimination, whereas sellers behaving competitively do not. Using data from 2006 to 2017 on spot market trade flows, spot prices, shipping costs and seller capacities, I estimate a structural model of LNG trade and pricing that incorporates spatial differentiation, capacity constraints and trade frictions and flexibly nests different models of seller market power. I find that seller decisions are consistent with a Cournot model and unlikely to be generated by a competitive model. The total deadweight loss from market power is estimated to be USD 12 billion, or about 4.5% of total revenue. I find that market power plays a key role in exacerbating inter-regional price differentials. |
| Keywords: | Market Power, Price Discrimination, Conduct Parameter, Contracts, Liquefied Natural Gas |
| JEL: | D23 L13 D43 Q41 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:wpaper:1517 |
| By: | Fisher, Ian J.; Maredia, Mywish K.; Tschirley, David L. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Agricultural And Food Policy, Consumer/ Household Economics |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:343673 |
| By: | Borusyak, Kirill; Hull, Peter; Jaravel, Xavier |
| Abstract: | Many studies in economics use instruments or treatments that combine a set of exogenous shocks with other predetermined variables via a known formula. Examples include shift-share instruments and measures of social or spatial spillovers. We review recent econometric tools for this setting, which leverage the assignment process of the exogenous shocks and the structure of the formula for identification. We compare this design-based approach with conventional estimation strategies based on conditional unconfoundedness, and contrast it with alternative strategies that leverage a model for unobservables. |
| Keywords: | formula instruments; shift-share instruments; network spillovers; design-based identification |
| JEL: | C21 C20 |
| Date: | 2024–02–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123848 |
| By: | William F. Diamond; Tim Landvoigt; Germán Sánchez Sánchez |
| Abstract: | We analyze the impact of fiscal and monetary stimulus in an economy with mortgage debt, where inflation redistributes from savers to borrowers. We show theoretically that fiscal transfers without future tax increases cause a surge in inflation, increasing consumption demand and house prices. The power of fiscal stimulus grows when borrowers are more indebted. We then show quantitatively that transfers followed by easy monetary policy cause a surge in inflation which helps explain features of the post-Covid boom, including a boom in output and house prices. This boom comes with a longer-term contraction, since redistribution reduces borrower labor supply. |
| JEL: | E44 E52 E63 G51 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32573 |
| By: | Jesús Fernández-Villaverde; Tomohide Mineyama; Dongho Song |
| Abstract: | After decades of rising global economic integration, the world economy is now fragmenting. To measure this phenomenon, we introduce an index of geopolitical fragmentation derived from various empirical indicators. This index is developed using a flexible dynamic factor model with time-varying parameters and stochastic volatility. We then employ structural vector autoregressions and local projections to assess the causal effects of changes in fragmentation. Our analysis demonstrates that increased fragmentation negatively impacts the global economy, with emerging economies suffering more than advanced ones. Notably, we document a key asymmetry: fragmentation has an immediate negative effect, while the benefits of reduced fragmentation unfold gradually. A sectoral analysis within OECD economies reveals that industries closely linked to global markets—such as manufacturing, construction, finance, and wholesale and retail trade—are adversely affected. Finally, we examine the interaction between fragmentation and the economic dynamics of regional economic blocs, highlighting significant differences in the impacts across various geopolitical blocs. |
| JEL: | C11 C31 E00 F01 F2 F4 F6 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32638 |
| By: | Resta, Emanuela; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Tafuri, Silvio; Peter, Preethymol; Noviello, Chiara; Costantiello, Alberto; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | The following article analyses the relationship between the mental health index and the variables of the Environment, Social and Governance-ESG model in the Italian regions between 2004 and 2023. First of all, a static analysis is proposed aimed at identifying trends relating to mental health in the Italian regions with indication of the regional gaps. Subsequently, a clustering with k-Means algorithm is proposed. Below is a comparison of 11 machine learning algorithms for predicting the performance of the mental health index. Finally, the article offers some economic policy suggestions. The results are critically discussed in light of the scientific literature |
| Keywords: | Mental Health Index, Machine Learning, ESG, Regional Inequalities |
| JEL: | I11 I12 I13 I14 I15 I18 |
| Date: | 2024–06–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121204 |
| By: | Drigo, Alessandra |
| Abstract: | This study is the first to examine the relationship between PM2.5 concentration and per capita income at the municipality level for Italy. The novelty of this work is also to explore the role of agglomerations and morphological factors in influencing the income-pollution correlation in the year 2013, and to assess its persistence to 2019. While there is not an unconditional environmental justice gap in Italy, controlling for land morphology and agglomerations variables weakens the positive correlation between PM2.5 and per capita income to the point of disappearance. Notably, being located in the Padana Valley ecoregion serves as a key indicator of environmental injustice nation-wide. The excess of PM2.5 exposure in the region increased mortality risk by 13.8% in 2013 and 10.88% in 2019 with respect to the WHO threshold (5 mg/m³ annual average). The largest environmental justice gap in relative measures shows a difference in mortality risk of 9.31% in 2013 and 7.04% in 2019 between the populations of the most polluted ecoregion (Padana Valley) and the least polluted one (Apennines). When attempting to disentangle the pollution variation among municipalities within the same province, the per capita income level of municipalities emerges as a significant indicator. An increase of 10, 000 euros in the average per capita income of the municipality corresponds to a decrease of 2.01 mg/m³ in PM2.5 annual average exposure level (-1.6% in mortality risk) in 2013 and 1.05 mg/m³ (-0.7% in mortality risk) in 2019. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–06–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:343509 |
| By: | Akhundjanov, Sherzod B.; Oladi, Reza; Nehra, Arpita; Caplan, Arthur |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics And Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics And Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:343708 |
| By: | Al Abbasi, Al Amin; Begum, Ismat Ara; Saha, Subrata; Alam, Mohammad J. |
| Keywords: | Labor And Human Capital, Agricultural And Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:343831 |
| By: | Anouck Adrot (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Lola Brunet (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Henri Isaac (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Data sharing is a major driver to disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), which is essential to cross-border regions' resilience. However, sharing data for DRR at borders remains challenging and a limited spectrum of regions have been significantly progressing on this path. While the literature recommends that cross-border regions and organizations settle data ecosystems, studies also evidence that ecosystems face difficulties in developing sustainable rules for data sharing. A better understanding of the impediments of data sharing in cross-border DRR ecosystems is therefore necessary and remains missing in the literature. This research, based on a qualitative and collaborative design, is a work in progress focusing on the Italian-French border. Based on 24 qualitative interviews and archive analysis, we have identified four major challenges that organizations need to overcome to support data sharing for DRR at borders. First, cross-border DRR actors struggle harmonizing their perspectives over their common environment, whether it is environmental or data-related. Second, they face persistent elements of fragmentation, particularly reinforced at frontiers. Third, these organizations meet the challenge of building a sustainable bond of trust between one another about data. Fourth, they lack data maturity, thus impeding good use of data within the ecosystem. Our findings contribute to a more situated understanding of data sharing at borders and call for more consideration of the border settings from practitioners that participate in data sharing. |
| Keywords: | Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), cross-border, data sharing, natural risk, ecosystems |
| Date: | 2024–05–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04600311 |
| By: | Ana Hernández Kent; Sophia Scott |
| Abstract: | Research by the Institute for Economic Equity finds LGBTQ+ adults have lower homeownership rates and are more likely to hold mortgages than non-LGBTQ+ adults. |
| Keywords: | homeownership; mortgages; LGBTQ+ households; sexual orientation; gender identity |
| Date: | 2024–06–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:l00001:98456 |
| By: | Bert Van Landeghem (University of Sheffield and IZA Institute of Labor Economics); Thomas Dohmen (University of Bonn); Arne Risa Hole (Jaume I University); Annemarie Künn-Nelen (Maastricht University (ROA) and IZA) |
| Abstract: | This study examines jobseekers’ preferences for a variety of job attributes. It is based on a choice experiment involving 1, 852 clients of the Flemish Public Employment Service (PES). Respondents value flexibility (e.g., remote work and schedule flexibility), job security and social impact of the job, and require significant compensation for longer commute times. A majority (70%) would need very substantial wage increase beyond their acceptable baseline wage to compensate for less flexibility, job security or social impact. These findings enhance our understanding of labour supply decisions and can inform the design of salary packages and HR policies. |
| Keywords: | Reservation wage, job search, job amenities, compensating differentials, choice experiments |
| JEL: | J31 J32 J64 J16 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkdps:322 |
| By: | Yu, Chengzheng; Zhang, Zhi Min; Wei, Liangchun |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics And Policy, Health Economics And Policy, Resource/Energy Economics And Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:343628 |
| By: | Pascal Frucquet (LIREM - Laboratoire de Recherche en Management (LIREM) - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour) |
| Date: | 2024–05–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04618370 |
| By: | Dawid, H.; Harting, P.; Neugart, M. |
| Abstract: | In the aftermath of the financial crisis, with periphery countries in the European Union falling even more behind the core countries economically, there have been quests for various kinds of fiscal policies in order to revert divergence. How these policies would unfold and perform comparatively is largely unknown. We analyze four such stylized policies in an agent-based macroeconomic model and study the economic mechanisms behind their relative success. Our main findings are that the core country sharing the debt burden of the periphery country has almost no effect on the growth dynamics of that region, fiscal transfers have a positive short- and long-run impact on per-capita consumption in the target region, and that technology-oriented firm subsidies have the strongest positive long-run impact on competitiveness of the periphery country at which they are targeted. The positive effect of the technology-oriented policy is reinforced if combined with household transfers. |
| Date: | 2024–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:146302 |
| By: | Batabyal, Amitrajeet; Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter |
| Abstract: | We analyze economic growth in a stylized, high-tech region A with two key features. First, the residents of this region are high-tech because they possess skills. In the language of Richard Florida, these residents comprise the region’s creative class and they possess creative capital. Second, the region is high-tech because it uses an artificial intelligence (AI)-based technology and we model the use of this technology. In this setting, we first derive expressions for three growth metrics. Second, we use these metrics to show that the economy of A converges to a balanced growth path (BGP). Third, we compute the growth rate of output per effective creative capital unit on this BGP. Fourth, we study how heterogeneity in initial conditions influences outcomes on the BGP by introducing a second high-tech region B into the analysis. At time t=0, two key savings rates in A are twice as large as in B. We compute the ratio of the BGP value of income per effective creative capital unit in A to its value in B. Finally, we compute the ratio of the BGP value of skills per effective creative capital unit in A to its value in B. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, Creative Capital, Regional Economic Growth, Skills |
| JEL: | O33 R11 |
| Date: | 2023–12–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121328 |
| By: | Gao, Yujuan; Bai, Yu; Ma, Yue; Rozelle, Scott D. |
| Keywords: | Institutional And Behavioral Economics, International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:344078 |
| By: | Shi, Xiangyu; Gong, Jiaowei; Zhang, Xin; Wang, Chang |
| Abstract: | Using a novel city-level high-frequency panel data set of social and public events in Chinese cities, we document that extreme high temperatures significantly reshape social dynamics. Extreme high temperatures lead to an increase in social cooperation, and the effects are more salient when productivity is lower and labor is more intensively used. This implies extreme high temperatures boost the relative returns of cooperation given lowered productivity. Our estimates and quantitative model suggest that the human race adapts to global warming by reshaping its social dynamics: adaptation via social dynamics offsets about one-third of the negative impacts of extreme high temperatures on the economy. |
| Keywords: | Social dynamics; Public events; Social cooperation; Protest; Temperatures; Climate change; China |
| JEL: | D7 D9 O1 Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121358 |
| By: | Maredia, Mywish K.; Njagi, Timothy; Tschirley, David L.; Wineman, Ayala Y.; Otwoma, Aisha; Bin Khaled, Muhammad Nahian; Fisher, Ian J.; Kirimi, Lilian; Reardon, Thomas A.; Bii, Hillary |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Agricultural And Food Policy, Consumer/ Household Economics |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:343629 |
| By: | da Silva, Marcos Virgílio (Centro Universitário Belas Artes de São Paulo) |
| Abstract: | Grupo de Pesquisa do Mestrado em Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Design do Centro Universitário Belas Artes de São Paulo |
| Date: | 2024–06–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ra5e7 |