|
on Urban and Real Estate Economics |
| By: | Antonio Accetturo (Banca d'Italia); Andrea Lamorgese (Banca d'Italia); Sauro Mocetti (Banca d'Italia); Dario Pellegrino (Banca d'Italia) |
| Abstract: | The paper examines the impact of housing supply elasticity on urban development. Using data for a sample of around one hundred Italian main cities observed over 40 years, we first estimate housing supply elasticities at the city level. Second, we show that differences in the elasticity of housing supply may determine the extent to which a demand shock translates into more intense employment growth or more expensive houses. To address endogeneity of housing supply elasticity, we exploit a synthetic measure of physical constraints to residential development as an instrumental variable. We find that an exogenous increase in labour demand determines a rise in employment and housing prices; however, in cities with a less elastic housing supply the impact on economic growth is significantly lessened while the effects on house prices are greater. |
| Keywords: | housing supply elasticity, city growth, house prices, physical constraints |
| JEL: | R11 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:wptemi:td_1267_20&r=all |
| By: | Dimitrios Tsiotas |
| Abstract: | This article studies the interregional Greek road network (GRN) by applying complex network analysis (CNA) and an empirical approach. The study aims to extract the socioeconomic information immanent to the GRN's topology and to interpret the way in which this road network serves and promotes the regional development. The analysis shows that the topology of the GRN is submitted to spatial constraints, having lattice-like characteristics. Also, the GRN's structure is described by a gravity pattern, where places of higher population enjoy greater functionality, and its interpretation in regional terms illustrates the elementary pattern expressed by regional development through road construction. The study also reveals some interesting contradictions between the metropolitan and non-metropolitan (excluding Attica and Thessaloniki) comparison. Overall, the article highlights the effectiveness of using complex network analysis in the modeling of spatial networks and in particular of transportation systems and promotes the use of the network paradigm in the spatial and regional research. |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2003.08091&r=all |
| By: | Marijn A. Bolhuis; Judd N. L. Cramer |
| Abstract: | As baby boomers have begun to downsize and retire, their preferences now overlap with millennials' predilection for urban amenities and smaller living spaces. This confluence in tastes between the two largest age segments of the U.S. population has meaningfully changed the evolution of home prices in the United States. Utilizing a Bartik shift-share instrument for demography-driven demand shocks, we show that from 2000 to 2018 (i) the price growth of four- and five-bedroom houses has lagged the prices of one- and two-bedroom homes, (ii) within local labor markets, the relative home prices in baby boomer-rich zip codes have declined compared with millennial-rich neighborhoods, and (iii) the zip codes with the largest relative share of smaller homes have grown fastest. These patterns have become more pronounced during the latest economic cycle. We show that the effects are concentrated in areas where housing supply is most inelastic. If this pattern in the housing market persists or expands, the approximately 16.5 trillion in real estate wealth held by households headed by those aged 55 or older will be significantly affected. We find little evidence that these upcoming changes have been incorporated into current prices. |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2003.11565&r=all |
| By: | Aginta, Harry; Gunawan, Anang Budi; Mendez, Carlos |
| Abstract: | Reducing regional income disparities is a central challenge for promoting sustainable development in Indonesia. In particular, the prospect for these disparities to be reduced in the post-decentralization period has become a major concern for policymakers in Indonesia. Motivated by this background, this paper re-examines the regional convergence hypothesis at the district level in Indonesia over the 2000-2017 period. Using a novel data set, this study investigates the formation of multiple convergence clubs using non-linear dynamic factor model. The results indicate that Indonesian districts form five convergence clubs, implying that the growth of income per capita in 514 districts can be clustered into five common trends. From the lens of spatial distribution, two common occasions can be observed. First, districts belonging to the the same province tend be in the same club and second, the highest club is dominated by districts with specific characteristic (i.e., big cities or natural resources rich regions). From a policy standpoint, the identification of multiple convergence clubs at significantly different levels of income allows regional policy makers to identify districts facing similar challenges. |
| Keywords: | regional income inequality, convergence, districts, Indonesia |
| JEL: | O40 O47 R10 R11 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:99079&r=all |
| By: | Dimitrios Tsiotas; Konstantinos Raptopoulos |
| Abstract: | This article studies the Greek interregional commuting network (GRN) by using measures and methods of complex network analysis and empirical techniques. The study aims to detect structural characteristics of the commuting phenomenon, which are configured by the functionality of the land transport infrastructures, and to interpret how this network serves and promotes the regional development. In the empirical analysis, a multiple linear regression model for the number of commuters is constructed, which is based on the conceptual framework of the term network, in effort to promote the interdisciplinary dialogue. The analysis highlights the effect of the spatial constraints on the network's structure, provides information on the major road transport infrastructure projects that constructed recently and influenced the country capacity, and outlines a gravity pattern describing the commuting phenomenon, which expresses that cities of high population attract large volumes of commuting activity within their boundaries, a fact that contributes to the reduction of their outgoing commuting and consequently to the increase of their inbound productivity. Overall, this paper highlights the effectiveness of complex network analysis in the modeling of spatial and particularly of transportation network and promotes the use of the network paradigm in the spatial and regional research. |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2003.08096&r=all |
| By: | J.W.A.M. Steegmans |
| Abstract: | This study aims to provide insights into the correct usage of Google search data, which are available through Google Trends. The main focus is on the effects of sampling error in these data as these are ignored by most scholars using Google Trends. To demonstrate the effect a housing market application is used; that is, the relationship between online search activity for mortgages and real housing market activity is investigated. A simple time series model, based on Van Veldhuizen, Vogt,and Voogt (2016), is estimated that explains house transactions using Google search data for mortgages. The results show that the effects of sampling errors are substantial. It is also stressed that in this particular application of Google Trends data 'predetermined' transactions, house sales where the purchase contracts have been signed but where the conveyance hasn't occurred yet, should be excluded as they lead to an overestimation of the effects of mortgage searches. All in all, the application of Google Trends data in economic applications remains promising.However, far more attention should be given to the limitations of these data. |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:use:tkiwps:1911&r=all |
| By: | Joao Firmino; Luis C. Nunes; Silvia de Almeida; Susana Batista |
| Abstract: | We provide the most comprehensive description of student segregation in the Portuguese public school system to date, a system that exhibits interesting institutional features potentially linked with the student segregation issue (e.g. school catchment areas, course tracking, and almost no central regulations regarding class composition). The analysis uses the entire regular student population enrolled in all public schools of continental Portugal (grades 1 to 12, from 2006/07 to 2016/17). Looking at three segregation dimensions – economic, academic, and immigrant – at both between and within-school levels, and using a novel dissimilarity index recently proposed in the literature aimed at better capturing systematic segregation, we find that segregation, on median, is mild, across time, grades, and regions. The most important exception is the case of within-school academic segregation. During upper-secondary schooling, in particular, when students are divided across classes according to own course-tracking decisions, it doubles. Moreover, within-school academic segregation estimates have the largest interquartile ranges, within a given year, grade, or region, pointing to heterogeneity in the way different schools set up classes internally in terms of students’ academic characteristics. Academic and economic segregation are positively associated, at both between and within school levels. The Portuguese segregation insights are also compared to those from other geographies. |
| Keywords: | Segregation, dissimilarity index, municipalities, schools, classes |
| JEL: | I24 I38 J15 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unl:unlfep:wp633&r=all |
| By: | Gian Maria Campedelli; Alberto Aziani; Serena Favarin |
| Abstract: | The global spread of 2019-nCoV, a new virus belonging to the coronavirus family, forced national and local governments to apply different sets of measures aimed at containing the outbreak. Los Angeles has been one of the first cities in the United States to declare the state of emergency on March 4th, progressively issuing stronger policies involving (among the others) social distancing, the prohibition of crowded private and public gatherings and closure of leisure premises. These interventions highly disrupt and modify daily activities and habits, urban mobility and micro-level interactions between citizens. One of the many social phenomena that could be influenced by such measures is crime. Exploiting public data on crime in Los Angeles, and relying on routine activity and pattern theories of crime, this work investigates whether and how new coronavirus containment policies have an impact on crime trends in a metropolis. The article specifically focuses on eight urban crime categories, daily monitored from January 1st 2017 to March 16th 2020. The analyses will be updated bi-weekly to dynamically assess the short- and medium-term effects of these interventions to shed light on how crime adapts to such structural modification of the environment. Finally, policy implications are also discussed. |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2003.11021&r=all |
| By: | Vera Barinova (RANEPA University); Sylvie Rochhia (Université Côte d'Azur, France; GREDEG CNRS); Stepan Zemtsov (RANEPA University) |
| Abstract: | In this work, we examine the factors and patterns of attracting highly skilled migrants by the Russian regions. Attracting such specialists is particularly relevant for large developing countries with territories actively losing qualified personnel, and, accordingly, opportunities for long-term development. The results of an econometric study show that there are a number of objective factors that are poorly modifiable but have a significant positive effect on staff recruitment: the demographic potential of neighbouring regions, the size of accessible markets, and the natural comfort of living. Adverse socio-economic conditions in the region, such as high unemployment, negatively affect the possibility of emigration. However, there are factors that the regional authorities and the federal government are able to influence in the medium term. One of the most important determinants remains the income of highly qualified specialists and the availability of housing. Highly qualified specialists also strive to move to regions with a high level of education and a good healthcare system. The creation of favourable conditions for entrepreneurship has a positive effect on attracting active migrants, providing opportunities for new firms' establishments. As recommendations for regional policy, in particular, attracting highly qualified specialists to the Russian rare-populated Far East, efforts are needed to develop rental housing and zero-interest mortgages, create high-performance jobs, especially in education, science and medicine, as well as general improvement of institutional conditions for conducting business. |
| Keywords: | Russian regions, migration, gravity model, market access, institutions, human development index, regional policy, high-tech sector |
| JEL: | P23 J61 P36 R23 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2020-07&r=all |
| By: | Emanuele Ciani; Guido de Blasio; Samuele Poy |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the impact of the freeway “Salerno-Reggio Calabria” on long-term local economic development. Built between 1962 and 1974, the freeway connected the southernmost region of the Italian peninsula (Calabria) to the national highway network. According to the original plan, the freeway could have been built along three different routes. The final choice was mostly influenced by powerful politicians who lobbied in favor of the path crossing their constituency (the town of Cosenza). In a dif-in-dif framework, we compare the growth of “inconsequentially” treated municipalities – traversed only because they lie on the route connecting Cosenza – with the one of municipalities on the two discarded paths. Our results suggest that the freeway caused a significant reorganization of both economic activity and population from untreated to treated locations. At the same time, the infrastructure does not seem to have helped the convergence of the overall region |
| Keywords: | highways, transport infrastructure, local development |
| JEL: | H54 R12 R42 |
| Date: | 2020–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usi:wpaper:820&r=all |
| By: | Dimitrios Tsiotas; Martha Geraki; Spyros Niavis |
| Abstract: | This article attempts to highlight the importance that transportation has in the economic development of Greece and in particular the importance of the transportation infrastructure and transportation networks, which suggest a fixed structured capital covering the total of the country. For this purpose, longitudinal and cross-sectoral statistical data are examined over a set of fundamental macroeconomic measures and metrics. Furthermore, the study attempts to highlight the structural and functional aspects composing the concept of transportation networks and to highlight the necessity of their joint consideration on the relevant research. The transportation networks that are examined in this paper are the Greek road (GRN), rail (GRAN), maritime (GMN) and air transport network (GAN), which are studied both in terms of their geometry and technical characteristics, as well as of their historical, traffic and political framework. For the empirical assessment of the transportation networks importance in Greece an econometric model is constructed, expressing the welfare level of the Greek regions as a multivariate function of their transportation infrastructure and of their socioeconomic environment. The further purpose of the article is to highlight, macroscopically, all the aspects related the study of transportation infrastructure and networks. |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2003.08094&r=all |
| By: | Alemi, Farzad; Rodier, Caroline |
| Abstract: | Increasing transit use has many benefits, including reducing traffic congestion and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, riders need to be able to get to a station in order to use transit. Walking is an option only for those within a limited radius of a station. Driving to a station may be feasible for some, but providing sufficient parking can be expensive and land intensive. The rise of ride-hailing companies such as Uber and Lyft presents a new opportunity for bridging the “first-mile” gap to high quality transit. Transit agencies are beginning to launch pilot projects to test public-private partnerships with ride-hailing companies to increase access to transit. This policy brief summarizes findings from researchers at UC Davis who used existing modeling tools and data to understand the potential market demand for a first-mile transit access service in the San Francisco Bay Area. They modeled the likelihood of commuters who drive alone to switch to using ride-hailing and the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) rail system to get to work based on travel time, cost, and distance to a BART station. They explored the magnitude of change in overall travel time and cost for travelers who switch from driving alone to using ride-hailing and BART, as well as potential changes to vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and GHG emissions at both the regional and station level. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Accessibility, Choice models, Public transit, Ridership, Ridesharing, Ridesourcing, Simulation, Travel costs, Travel demand, Vehicle miles of travel |
| Date: | 2020–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt6sj207js&r=all |
| By: | Chao Fu; Nicolás Grau; Jorge Rivera |
| Abstract: | We build and estimate a dynamic model of teenagers' choices of schooling and crime, incorporating four factors that may contribute to the different routes taken by different teenagers: heterogeneous endowments, unequal opportunities, uncertainties about one's own ability, and contemporaneous shocks. We estimate the model using administrative panel data from Chile that link school records with juvenile criminal records. Counterfactual policy experiments suggest that, for teenagers with disadvantaged backgrounds, interventions that combine mild improvement in their schooling opportunities with free tuition (by adding 22 USD per enrollee-year to the existing voucher) would lead to an 11% decrease in the fraction of those ever arrested by age 18 and a 17% increase in the fraction of those consistently enrolled throughout primary and secondary education. |
| JEL: | I2 I3 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26858&r=all |
| By: | Barbara Castillo Rico (Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, EHESS, Ecole Centrale, AMSE, Marseille, France) |
| Abstract: | We study intergenerational wealth mobility and its evolution in France over the period 1960-2015. More precisely, we identify the persistence of homeownership between parents and children as indicator of wealth mobility in France. We also provide evidence about different sources of heterogeneity in intergenerational homeownership associations in terms of education and geographic areas. Finally, we study the main transmission mechanism: direct financial transfers. We use all available French wealth surveys since 1986 and perform a data panelization using retrospective information. We document multiple results. First, intergenerational correlation in homeownership status has dramatically increased, particularly since the 1990s. Second, this rise is concentrated among people aged between 20 and 39 years old. Third, we observe higher wealth persistence at the top. Four, we find a strong significant effect of direct wealth transfers on the probability of becoming homeowner, which lasts 5 years. Moreover, parental support is substantially more important for households with no diploma, suggesting a crucial role of human capital on wealth formation. Finally, this phenomenon is intensified in areas with high urban concentration; highlighting the potential role of house prices as determinant of wealth social determinism. |
| Keywords: | intergenerational mobility, homeownership, housing, wealth transmission |
| JEL: | D31 J62 R21 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2008&r=all |
| By: | Weinand, Sebastian |
| Abstract: | Spatial price comparisons rely to a high degree on the quality of the underlying price data that are collected within or across countries. Below the basic heading level, these price data often exhibit large gaps. Therefore, stochastic index number methods like the CPDmethod and the GEKS method are utilised for the aggregation of the price data into higher-level indices. Although the two index number methods produce differing price level estimates when prices are missing, the present paper demonstrates that both can be derived from exactly the same stochastic model. In addition, for a specific case of missing prices, it is shown that the formula underlying these price level estimates differs between the CPD method and the GEKS method only with respect to the weighting pattern applied. Lastly, the impact of missing prices on the efficiency of the price level estimates is analysed in two simulation studies. It can be shown that the CPD method slightly outperforms the GEKS method. Using price data of Germany's Consumer Price Index, it can be observed that more narrowly defined products lead to efficiency gains in the estimation. |
| Keywords: | Spatial price comparisons,below basic heading,multilateral index number methods,CPD method,GEKS method,product definition |
| JEL: | C43 E31 R10 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bubdps:122020&r=all |
| By: | Yongheng Deng (NUS - National University of Singapore); Eric Girardin (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Roselyne Joyeux (Macquarie University) |
| Abstract: | In a similar way to the stock market, the housing market in China has often been portrayed as highly speculative, giving rise to "bubble" concerns. Over the last decade, residential prices increased every year on average by double digits in Beijing or Shanghai. However many observers and researchers argue that fundamentals of the housing sector, both sector-specific and macroeconomic, may have been the driving force behind housing price volatility. While existing empirical work exclusively relies on the government housing prices which may suffer from the well-documented downward bias, this paper uses original high frequency unit price as well as transaction series for the residential resale housing markets of Beijing and Shanghai between January 2005 and December 2010 to test alternative hypotheses about housing prices volatility. |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01996210&r=all |
| By: | Bárbara Castillo (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Banque de France - Banque de France - Banque de France) |
| Abstract: | We study intergenerational wealth mobility and its evolution in France over the period 1960-2015. More precisely, we identify the persistence of homeownership between parents and children as indicator of wealth mobility in France. We also provide evidence about different sources of heterogeneity in intergenerational homeownership associations in terms of education and geographic areas. Finally, we study the main transmission mechanism: direct financial transfers. We use all available French wealth surveys since 1986 and perform a data panelization using retrospective information. We document multiple results. First, intergenerational correlation in homeownership status has dramatically increased, particularly since the 1990s. Second, this rise is concentrated among people aged between 20 and 39 years old. Third, we observe higher wealth persistence at the top. Four, we find a strong significant effect of direct wealth transfers on the probability of becoming homeowner, which lasts 5 years. Moreover, parental support is substantially more important for households with no diploma, suggesting a crucial role of human capital on wealth formation. Finally, this phenomenon is intensified in areas with high urban concentration; highlighting the potential role of house prices as determinant of wealth social determinism. |
| Keywords: | Intergenerational mobility,homeownership,housing,wealth transmission |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-02511116&r=all |
| By: | Rodier, Caroline; Jaller, Miguel; Pourrahmani, Elham; Pahwa, Anmol; Bischoff, Joschka; Freedman, Joel |
| Abstract: | Researchers at UC Davis explored what an automated vehicle future in the San Francisco Bay Area might look like by simulating: 1) A 100% personal automated vehicle future and its effects on travel and greenhouse emissions. 2) The introduction of an automated taxi service with plausible per-mile fares and its effects on conventional personal vehicle and transit travel. The researchers used the Metropolitan Transportation Commission’s activity-based travel demand model (MTC-ABM) and MATSim, an agent-based transportation model, to carry out the simulations. This policy brief summarizes the results, which provide insight into the relative benefits of each service and automated vehicle technology and the potential market for these services. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Intelligent vehicles, Multi-agent systems, Multimodal transportation, Public transit, Ridesharing, Simulation, Traffic simulation, Travel behavior, Travel demand, Value of time |
| Date: | 2020–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4sf2n6rs&r=all |
| By: | Aymo Brunetti; Konstantin Büchel; Martina Jakob; Ben Jann; Christoph Kühnhanss; Daniel Steffen |
| Abstract: | Education is one of the key resources in the fight against poverty. While substantial progress has been made in terms of school enrollment, evidence suggests that educational quality is still alarmingly low in many developing countries. Various explanations have been suggested, but one very obvious factor in the educational production function has received surprisingly little attention: the content knowledge of teachers. For this study, we administered an exam-type assessment to a representative sample of 224 primary school teachers in Morazán, El Salvador. The average teacher scored 47% correct answers on 50 questions covering the official math curriculum for second to sixth graders. Overall, our results point to an even more worrying situation than suggested by previous findings based on indirect measures of content-related teacher skills in several African countries. |
| Keywords: | teacher content knowledge, quality of education, primary education, El Salvador |
| JEL: | I21 I25 J24 O15 |
| Date: | 2020–03–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bss:wpaper:34&r=all |
| By: | Raphaël Homayoun Boroumand (City University London); Stéphane Goutte (LED - Laboratoire d'Economie Dionysien - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis); Thomas Péran (Paris School of Business); Thomas Porcher (ESG Research Lab - ESG Management School) |
| Abstract: | This paper seeks to pattern a non-driven geographical classication of French departmental territorial units based on both mobility behavior and passenger car eet composition. With no mathematical regression analysis but applying datamining methodology to behavior, consumption and geography variables, we have grouped French territorial units into 8 clusters with similar characteristics. The main results reveal that commuters' behavior with respect to the choice of transport mode varies substantially across clusters (rural and highly rural, urban and highly urban clusters, ...). Conversely, the structure of the French vehicle eet and French car purchases in terms of engines, tax horsepower and CO2 emissions are similar. this nding should enable state organizations to implement dierentiated public policies for environmental and industrial sectors. Alternatively, our paper should help industrial groups to better deploy their economic strategies in line with environmental concerns. |
| Keywords: | Datamining,Cluster,CO2 emissions,Worker mobility,Passenger cars,France |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01968001&r=all |
| By: | Raouf Boucekkine; Giorgio Fabbri; Salvatore Federico; Fausto Gozzi |
| Abstract: | We construct a spatiotemporal frame for the study of optimal growth under transboundary pollution. Space is continuous and polluting emissions originate in the intensity of use of the production input. Pollution ows across locations following a diffusion process. The objective functional of the economy is to set the optimal production policy over time and space to maximize welfare from consumption, taking into account a negative local pollution externality and the diffusive nature of pollution. Our framework allows for space and time dependent preferences and productivity, and does not restrict diffusion speed to be spaceindependent. This provides a comprehensive setting to analyze pollution diffusion with a close account of geographic heterogeneity. The involved optimization problem is infinite-dimensional. We propose an alternative method for an analytical characterization of the optimal paths and the asymptotic spatial distributions. The method builds on a deep economic concept of pollution spatiotemporal welfare effect, which makes it denitely useful for economic analysis |
| Keywords: | Optimal growth, spatiotemporal modelling, transboundary pollution,infinite dimensional optimal control |
| JEL: | Q53 R11 C61 R12 O41 |
| Date: | 2019–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usi:wpaper:813&r=all |
| By: | Pike, Susan; Pilatwosky Gruner, Raiza |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how stakeholders throughout California view the potential impacts of ridehailing services, such as Uber or Lyft, on transportation systems, and how to address such impacts. The stakeholders surveyed included city planning agencies, regional transportation planning agencies, metropolitan planning organizations, state agencies, ridehailing service providers, interest groups, and non-profits. Ridehailing is one of several emerging shared use mobility alternatives, poised to impact transportation systems, for better or worse. For better, if these new services catalyze the development and maturation of well-integrated multi-model transportation systems that serve all travelers and reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and transportation emissions. For worse, if these new services serve merely as a less expensive taxi, allowing more people to forego alternative modes of transportation like public transit and biking, thereby leading to increases in VMT, emissions, and congestion. The high degree of uncertainty surrounding the impacts of these services presents challenges to stakeholders involved in transportation planning and policy making. Through interviews, the researchers investigated the viewpoints of 42 transportation stakeholders throughout the state of California. They find that the diversity of interviewees is reflected in the sentiments they have about ridehailing, what issues are important and potential obstacles to achieving positive outcomes. Nonetheless, interviewees agree that regulations should balance local control with state level guidance. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, ridesourcing, transportation network companies, ridehailing, transportation planning |
| Date: | 2020–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt6q1382xd&r=all |
| By: | Denis Fougere (OSC - Observatoire sociologique du changement - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Rémy Lecat (Centre de recherche de la Banque de France - Banque de France); Simon Ray (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we investigate the effect of real estate prices on productive investment. We build a theoretical framework of firms' investment with credit rationing and real estate collateral. We show that real estate prices affect firms' borrowing capacities through two channels. An increase in real estate prices raises the value of the firms' pledgeable assets and mitigates the agency problem characterizing the creditor–entrepreneur relationship. It simultaneously cuts the expected profit due to the increase in the cost of inputs. We test our theoretical predictions using a large French database. We do find heterogeneous effects of real estate prices on productive investment depending on the position of the firms in the sectoral distributions of real estate holdings. |
| Keywords: | financial constraints,Firms' investment,Real estate prices,Collateral channel,Financial constraints JEL classification: D22,G30,O52,R30 |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02274289&r=all |
| By: | Gianluca Orefice; Giovanni Peri |
| Abstract: | The process of matching between firms and workers is an important mechanism in determining the distribution of wages. In a labor market characterised by large dispersion of workers' productivity and worker-firm complementarity, high quality firms have strong incentives to screen for the quality of workers. This process will increase the positive quality association of firm-worker matches known as positive assortative matching (PAM). Immigration in a local labor market, by increasing the variance of workers abilities, may drive stronger PAM between firms and workers. Using French matched employer-employee (DADS) data over the period 1995-2005 we document that positive supply-driven changes of immigrant workers in a district increased the strength of PAM. We then show that this association is consistent with causality, is quantitatively significant, and is associated with higher average productivity and firm profits, but also with higher wage dispersion. We also show that the increased degree of positive assortative matching is mainly reached by high-productive firms "losing" lower quality workers and "attracting" higher quality workers. |
| Keywords: | Matching;Workers;Firms;Immigration;Productivity |
| JEL: | F16 J20 J61 |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cii:cepidt:2020-04&r=all |
| By: | Gianluca Orefice; Giovanni Peri |
| Abstract: | The process of matching between firms and workers is an important mechanism in determining the distribution of wages. In a labor market characterised by large dispersion of workers' productivity and worker-firm complementarity, high quality firms have strong incentives to screen for the quality of workers. This process will increase the positive quality association of firm-worker matches known as positive assortative matching (PAM). Immigration in a local labor market, by increasing the variance of workers abilities, may drive stronger PAM between firms and workers. Using French matched employer-employee (DADS) data over the period 1995-2005 we document that positive supply-driven changes of immigrant workers in a district increased the strength of PAM. We then show that this association is consistent with causality, is quantitatively significant, and is associated with higher average productivity and firm profits, but also with higher wage dispersion. We also show that the increased degree of positive assortative matching is mainly reached by high-productive firms "losing" lower quality workers and "attracting" higher quality workers. |
| JEL: | F22 J24 L25 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26860&r=all |
| By: | , Erlena; Tanjung, Mariani St.B |
| Abstract: | This study aims to reveal: 1) The influence of financial compensation to job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang 2) The influence of professional competence on job satisfaction of teachers of Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang, 3) The influence of the working environment on job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang, 4) The influence of work environment to moderate the relationship of financial compensation to job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang, 5) The influence of work environment variables moderate the relationship professional competence of teachers on job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang. The results of this study revealed that: 1) The financial compensation positive influence and significant impact on job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang with a significant level of 0.000, 2) The Professional competence positive and significant influence on job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang with a significant level of 0.000, 3) The work environment positive and significant influence on satisfaction teacher work in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang with a significant level of 0.001, 4) The work environment to moderate the relationship between financial compensation and job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang with singnifikan 0.002, 5) The work environment to moderate the relationship between professional competence and job satisfaction in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang with singnifikan level of 0.004. |
| Date: | 2019–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:qab5w&r=all |
| By: | Kroll, Henning; Koschatzky, Knut |
| Abstract: | It is the objective of this paper to analyse the role innovation policy could play in the promotion of regional change, using Germany as a case study, and to develop a typology of structurally weak regions for tailored and regionally specific policy interventions. |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisifr:r12020&r=all |
| By: | Luis Monroy-Gomez-Franco (City University of New York); Roberto Velez-Grajales (Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias) |
| Abstract: | Recent analysis at the national scale have concluded that there is a strong relationship between skin tones and social mobility in Mexico, where darker skin tones are associated with lower rates of relative upward intergenerational mobility than those observed for lighter skin tones. The present paper shows that this previous estimates are biased upwards as they fail to take into account the effects of regional differences in the distribution of skin tones. We correct for this factor by analyzing a new data set representative at the regional level. Our results suggest that although qualitatively the gap in mobility rates persist, the size of the gaps are smaller than previously reported and vary substantially across Mexican regions. In particular, we find that individuals with light skin tones face higher upward mobility rates and lower downward mobility rates than the rest of the Mexican population. |
| Keywords: | Skin tone; Social Mobility; Regions; Mexico. |
| JEL: | O1 J6 J1 I3 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inq:inqwps:ecineq2020-525&r=all |
| By: | Masami Imai (Department of Economics, Wesleyan University) |
| Abstract: | Malapportionment is a highly contested, and yet common feature of electoral systems in many countries where more delegates are granted to rural and low-income regions. In Japan, an electoral reform equalized the geographical distribution of representation for the 1996 Lower House election. We use this episode as a quasi-experiment to investigate local economic impacts of malapportionment. We find that an additional representation expands local governments’ fiscal space. However, over-represented communities don’t benefit from fiscal windfalls due to crowding-out effects. It creates more construction/public sector jobs, but its positive effects are entirely offset by comparable losses of jobs in other sectors. |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wes:weswpa:2020-002&r=all |
| By: | Kathrin Goldmann (Institute of Transport Economics, Muenster); Gernot Sieg (Institute of Transport Economics, Muenster) |
| Abstract: | When tra |
| Keywords: | hypercongestion, congestion costs, stochastic capacity, phantom jams, external costs |
| JEL: | L91 R41 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mut:wpaper:30&r=all |
| By: | Santiago Tobón; Santiago Gómez; Daniel Mejía |
| JEL: | C23 D04 H41 K42 |
| Date: | 2020–03–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000122:018058&r=all |
| By: | Peter Eibich (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Chia Liu (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany) |
| JEL: | J1 Z0 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dem:wpaper:wp-2020-012&r=all |
| By: | M. Picard,Pierre; Selod,Harris |
| Abstract: | As cities grow and spatially expand, agricultural land is converted into residential land. In many developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, this process is accompanied by a change in land tenure, whereby plots held under traditional customary arrangements are sold to new urban residents, possibly with formal property rights. This paper studies joint land-use and land-tenure conversion in an urban economics model in which intermediaries purchase agricultural land from customary owners and attempt to transform it into residential plots with statutory property rights. The spatial equilibrium includes a mix of land uses and rights where statutory and non-statutory residential plots coexist with customary land that is mainly used for agriculture. Because customary ownership is subject to uncertainty (because of tenure insecurity), the conversion process includes a potential information asymmetry between customary owners and intermediaries. The analysis shows that a market failure may emerge whereby some customary owners prefer to continue farming their land rather than participate in the urban residential land market, which results in a city that is too small. Empirical analysis using Malian data validates the key features of the model captured by land price gradients, as well as the ranking and the variance of land prices, and is suggestive of the presence of information asymmetry. |
| Date: | 2020–03–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:9192&r=all |
| By: | Pierre-Henri Bono (CEVIPOF - Centre de recherches politiques de Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Alain Trannoy (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the impact of a tax incentive scheme to boost private rental investment in force in France from 2009 to 2012, called the "Scellier scheme" (after the name of the minister who promoted it), on changes in the price of building land. A difference in differences estimation is implemented, drawing on data from the BNDP database covering the period 2004 2010. The definition of the control and treatment groups is based on the boundary between municipalities which are eligible for the Scellier scheme and municipalities which are not. The estimation results suggest that the scheme had an inflationary effect and point to land price capitalisation, with an increase in the price per square metre of around 7 euros in the first year and of 8 to 9 euros over 2009 and 2010, without a significant rise of the phenome¬non in the second year, i.e. an increase of 8% in the first year and of 9 to 10% after two years. The regions where the market was the tightest saw the most rapid price increase, particularly the Mediterranean region. |
| Keywords: | land price,income tax deduction,private rental investment,Scellier scheme |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02481755&r=all |
| By: | Tetsuji Okazaki (Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo); Koji Sakai (Division of Economics, Kyoto Sangyo University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines capital market integration in prewar Japan, using a methodology that allows for multiple equilibria in convergence. Specifically, we apply the method of log t regression and the club convergence test proposed by Phillips and Sul (2007) to examine the convergence of prefectural loan rates and detect the convergence clubs that followed heterogeneous transition paths. Whereas prefectural loan rates were converging towards two equilibria from 1888–1900, all the prefectural loan rates converged towards a unique equilibrium from 1901–1926. From 1927, however, the prefectural loan rates diverged again, and four different convergence clubs emerged. Restrictive regulation imposed by the Bank Law of 1928 reduced competition in local markets, increased barriers to interregional capital mobility, and, thereby, reversed capital market integration. |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tky:fseres:2020cf1148&r=all |
| By: | Constant, Amelie F. (UNU-MERIT, and Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University) |
| Abstract: | This chapter undertook the monumental task of providing a complete outlook about return, repeat, circular and onward migration by bringing together the perspectives of the host and the home country. In this endeavor, it reviewed and evaluated all theories about why people move, when they circulate, where they go, who are the people who migrate, who are the people who return, and how they change the economic and social structures in the home country. In the process, it revealed the new norm of joint decision-making by the family as a unit and underlined the importance of non-economic reasons for return. The chapter further provided a state-of-the-art literature review about empirical evidence regarding the disparate phenomena of return, circular and onward migration. It emphasized commonalities and compared differences in findings, while connecting them to the theories, policies and institutions. Return, repeat, and circular migrants are self-selected and extremely heterogeneous people and cannot conform under one theory or empirical study. Their de facto migration comportment can be understood by several different theories and, in the absence of good data, it can be explained by a variety of studies. The chapter ends with a critical conclusion and hope to inspire new avenues of research on the topic. |
| Keywords: | Migration, migrant return, circular migration, onward migration, international labor migration, public policy |
| JEL: | F22 J15 J18 J20 J61 O15 |
| Date: | 2020–01–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2020004&r=all |
| By: | Krebs, Oliver |
| Abstract: | This paper shows how to adapt recent methodological advances to derive a shipment based interregional input output table for 402 German counties and 26 foreign partners for 17 sectors that is, for national aggregates, cell-by-cell compatible with the WIOD tables. It far outperforms the standard approach of applying unit values to interregional shipments in replicating observed regional statistics and can be used for improved impact analysis and CGE model calibration. It thereby mitigates the surprising but problematic lack of regional German trade data in the analysis of both, regional effects of aggregate shocks such as trade agreements as well as network effects of regional policies. Moreover, the paper takes an in-depth look at the derived German production structure and trade network at the county level finding a surprisingly vast heterogeneity with respect to specialization, agglomeration and trade partners. |
| Keywords: | Germany,regional trade,input-output tables,unit values,proportionality |
| JEL: | R15 R12 F17 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:tuewef:132&r=all |
| By: | Christian Schluter (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Mark Trede (WWU Munster, Inst for Econometrics and Economic Statistics) |
| Abstract: | We consider tests of the hypothesis that the tail of size distributions decays faster than any power function. These are based on a single parameter that emerges from the Fisher–Tippett limit theorem, and discriminate between leading laws considered in the literature without requiring fully parametric models/specifications. We study the proposed tests taking into account the higher order regular variation of the size distribution that can lead to catastrophic distortions. The theoretical bias corrections realign successfully nominal and empirical test behavior, and inform a sensitivity analysis for practical work. The methods are used in an examination of the size distribution of cities and firms. |
| Keywords: | regular variation,power law,Extreme value index,size distribution,tail behavior |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01994353&r=all |
| By: | Pan, Yao; You, Jing |
| Abstract: | We identify the effect of the relative timing of program introduction to local elections on service delivery. Exploring randomized provision of a credit program in China and variations in local political cycles, we find villages introducing the program before elections experience higher take-up rates, better targeting of the poor, and improved welfare, all of which are achieved without compromising the program’s financial sustainability. Examining implementation phase-by-phase shows better-designed program practices and greater efforts made by local politicians are plausible contributors to enhanced program impacts. These findings are consistent with incentives to implement well rather than buying votes under election pressure. |
| Keywords: | Microfinance; Political Cycle; Heterogeneous Impact; Randomized Controlled Trial |
| JEL: | D14 D72 G21 I38 O13 O14 O16 |
| Date: | 2020–03–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:98968&r=all |
| By: | Valero, Anna; Van Reenen, John |
| Abstract: | We develop a new dataset using UNESCO source materials on the location of nearly 15,000 universities in about 1,500 regions across 78 countries, some dating back to the 11th Century. We estimate fixed effects models at the sub-national level between 1950 and 2010 and find that increases in the number of universities are positively associated with future growth of GDP per capita (and this relationship is robust to controlling for a host of observables, as well as unobserved regional trends). Our estimates imply that a 10% increase in a region's number of universities per capita is associated with 0.4% higher future GDP per capita in that region. Furthermore, there appear to be positive spillover effects from universities to geographically close neighbouring regions. We show that the relationship between GDP per capital and universities is not simply driven by the direct expenditures of the university, its staff and students. Part of the effect of universities on growth is mediated through an increased s |
| Keywords: | universities; growth; human capital; innovation; ES/M010341/1 |
| JEL: | I23 J24 O10 O31 |
| Date: | 2018–09–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:90227&r=all |
| By: | Rangan Gupta (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa); Jun Ma (Department of Economics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115 USA); Konstantinos Theodoridis (Cardi Business School, Cardiff University, Aberconway Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff CF10 3EU, UK; European Stability Mechanism, 6a Circuit de La Foire Internationale, 1347 Luxembourg, Luxembourg); Mark E. Wohar (College of Business Administration, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6708 Pine Street, Omaha, NE 68182, USA) |
| Abstract: | We use a time-varying parameter dynamic factor model with stochastic volatility (DFM-TV-SV) estimated using Bayesian methods to disentangle the relative importance of the common component in FHFA house price movements from state-specific shocks, over the quarterly period of 1975Q2 to 2017Q4. We find that the contribution of the national factor in explaining fluctuations in house prices is not only critical, but also has been increasing and has become more important than the local factors since around 1990. We then use a Bayesian change-point vector autoregressive (VAR) model, that allows for different regimes throughout the sample period, to study the impact of aggregate supply, aggregate demand, (conventional) monetary policy, and term-spread shocks, identified based on sign-restrictions, on the national component of house price movements. We detect three regimes corresponding to the periods of "Great Inflation", "Great Moderation", and the zero lower bound (ZLB). While the conventional monetary policy is found to have played an important role in the historical evolution of the national factor in the first-regime, other shocks are found to be quite dominant as well especially during the second-regime, with monetary policy shocks playing virtually no role during this period. In the third-regime, unconventional monetary policy shock is found to have led to a (delayed) recovery in the housing market. But more importantly, we find evidence that the national housing factor has been detached from the identified macroeconomic shocks (fundamentals) since 2014, thus suggesting that a "national bubble" might be brewing again in the US housing market. Understandably, our results have important policy implications. |
| Keywords: | House Prices, Time-Varying Dynamic Factor Model, Change-Point Vector Autoregressive Model, Macroeconomic Shocks, Bayesian Analysis |
| JEL: | C11 C32 E31 E32 E43 E52 R31 |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:202023&r=all |
| By: | Mavisakalyan, Astghik; Tarverdi, Yashar; Weber, Clas |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies a new source of differences in religiosity: the presence of future tense marking in language. We argue that the rewards and punishments that incentivise religious behaviour are less effective for speakers of languages that contain future tense marking. Consistent with this prediction, we show that speakers of future-tensed languages are less likely to be religious and to take up the short-term costs associated with religiosity. What is likely to drive this behaviour, according to our results, is the relatively lower appeal of the religious rewards for these individuals. Our analysis is based on within country regressions comparing individuals with identical observable characteristics who speak a different language. |
| Keywords: | Language,Culture,Religiosity |
| JEL: | D83 Z12 Z13 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:500&r=all |
| By: | Alhassan A-W Karakara (University of Cape Coast, Ghana); Evans S. Osabuohien (CEPDeR, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | Education is said to be a basic human right, and central to unlocking human capabilities. However, Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) has the highest number of children out of school and learning disadvantages. Most studies on child vulnerability concentrate on disaster, disability and HIV effects on children. Thus, this study investigates the likelihood of a child being educationally disadvantaged or risk school dropout. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) data for 2014 with binary and multinomial logistic regressions are used to determine the likelihood of a child being educationally disadvantaged. The findings reveal disparity in wealth distribution in Ghana. Wealth of family is a determinant of child success in education and urban household children are less likely to be disadvantaged in learning outcomes. Households’ access to ICTs enhances child learning at home and; hence, reduces the risk of a child being educationally disadvantaged. Policy implications and suggestions for further studies are discussed in the paper. |
| Keywords: | Child educational disadvantage; Ghana; Households; ICTs; Wealth disparity |
| JEL: | D1 I21 |
| Date: | 2019–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:abh:wpaper:19/088&r=all |
| By: | Bu, Di; Hanspal, Tobin; Liao, Yin; Liu, Yong |
| Abstract: | We report the results of a longitudinal intervention with students across five universities in China designed to reduce online consumer debt. Our research design allocates individuals to either a financial literacy treatment, a self-control training program, or a zero-touch control group. Financial education interventions improve test scores on general financial literacy but only marginally affect future online borrowing. Our self-control treatment features detailed tracking of spending and borrowing activity with a third-party app and introspection about individuals' consumption with a counselor. These sessions reduce future online borrowing, delinquency charges, and borrowing for entertainment reasons - and are driven by the male subjects in the sample. Our results suggest that self-regulation can affect financial behavior in e-commerce platforms. |
| Keywords: | Financial literacy,online borrowing,Consumer credit,Self-control,FinTech,China |
| JEL: | D14 D18 G23 G21 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewp:273&r=all |
| By: | Philippe Aghion; Antonin Bergeaud; Richard Blundell; Rachel Griffith |
| Abstract: | Matched employee-employer data from the UK are used to analyze the wage premium to working in an innovative firm. We find that firms that are more R&D intensive pay higher wages on average, and this is particularly true for workers in some low-skilled occupations. We propose a model in which a firm's innovativeness is reflected in the degree of complementarity between workers in low-skill and high-skilled occupations, and in which non-verifiable soft skills are an important determinant of the wages of workers in low-skilled occupations. The model yields additional predictions on training, tenure and outsourcing which we also find support for in data. |
| Keywords: | : Innovation, Skill-biased Technological Change, Wage, Complementarity. |
| JEL: | O33 L23 J31 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:banfra:739&r=all |
| By: | Sanguinetti, Angela; Kurani, Ken |
| Abstract: | Electrification of transportation network companies (TNCs; e.g., Uber and Lyft) presents a path for reduced emissions as well as potential benefits to drivers via reduced costs for fueling and vehicle maintenance. This report describes 732 TNC PEV drivers in the United States in terms of their demographic characteristics, motivations for driving PEVs on TNCs, charging patterns, and ideas to improve the experience of driving PEVs on TNCs. Greater understanding of these early adopters can inform strategies to promote further adoption. The economic benefits of fuel and maintenance savings associated with PEVs featured in drivers’ reported motivations for PEV adoption. Most BEV and PHEV drivers reported charging their PEV every day, most often at home and overnight, and most were willing to charge once or more while actively driving on TNCs. A large cluster of TNC PEV drivers reported predominately using public DC fast charging, indicating a heavy reliance on public charging infrastructure. Range limitations topped the list of reasons why PHEV drivers did not opt for a BEV, and increased range topped the list of PEV drivers’ wishes to better support PEVs on TNCs. The next most common wish was for more charger locations. The third and fourth ranked wishes were financial bonuses for trip targets and more pre-trip information, which are more exclusively under the control of TNCs. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, electric vehicle, adoption, ride-hailing, ride-sharing, transportation network company |
| Date: | 2020–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1203t5fj&r=all |