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on Urban and Real Estate Economics |
| By: | Albert Saiz (Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania and IZA Bonn) |
| Abstract: | Is there a local economic impact of immigration? Immigration pushes up rents and housing values in US destination cities. The positive association of rent growth and immigrant inflows is pervasive in time series for all metropolitan areas. I use instrumental variables based on a "shift-share" of national levels of immigration into metropolitan areas. An immigration inflow equal to 1% of a city’s population is associated with increases in average rents and housing values of about 1%. The results suggest an economic impact that is an order of magnitude bigger than that found in labor markets. |
| Keywords: | immigration, housing prices |
| JEL: | J61 R23 R31 |
| Date: | 2006–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2189&r=ure |
| By: | Horst Entorf (Darmstadt University of Technology and IZA Bonn); Martina Lauk (Darmstadt University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | This article analyses the school performance of migrants dependent on peer groups in different international schooling environments. Using data from the international OECD PISA test, we consider social interaction within and between groups of natives and migrants. Results based on social multipliers (Glaeser et al. 2000, 2003) suggest that both native-tonative and migrant-to-migrant peer effects are higher in ability-differencing school systems than in comprehensive schools. Thus, non-comprehensive school systems seem to magnify the already existing educational inequality between students with a low parental socioeconomic migration background and children from more privileged families. Students with a migration background and a disadvantageous parental status would benefit from higher diversity within schools. |
| Keywords: | peer effects, migration, education, social multipliers, school systems, parental socioeconomic background |
| JEL: | I21 |
| Date: | 2006–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2182&r=ure |
| By: | Estrada, Felipe (Institute for Futures Studies); Nilsson, Anders (Institute for Futures Studies) |
| Abstract: | Over recent years there appears to have been a trend towards an increased divergence between residential neighbourhoods as regards the ethnic composition and socio-economic resources of the residents. At the same time, it is striking that to date very little research in Sweden has attempted to study whether people’s living conditions are dependent on their situation as individuals, e.g. on whether they are rich or poor, or whether neighbourhood characteristics also affect individual-level welfare outcomes. As a means of developing our understanding of the significance of the residential neighbourhood, we have examined exposure to property crime, studying the extent to which differences in the risk of exposure to crime are related on the one hand to individual and household characteristics and on the other to neighbourhood conditions and differences in where people live. <p> The data are drawn from interview surveys of living conditions, which also include a number of questions relating to criminal victimisation and fear of crime. These survey data have been combined with register data relating to residential neighbourhoods. The focus is directed at different districts in urban areas, grouped on the basis of accumulated resource deficiencies.<p> For dwelling-related offences, the greater the level of resource deficiencies in a given neighbourhood, the greater the level of victimisation. Irrespective of the social group to which an individual belongs, there are marked differences between those who live in the most well-resourced and the most poorly-resourced neighbourhoods respectively. Exposure to vehicle-related crime, however, is not related to the level of resource deficiencies at the neighbourhood level. Here, instead, individual-level conditions and housing and house-ownership forms play a more important role. |
| Keywords: | divergence; property crime |
| JEL: | I30 |
| Date: | 2006–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ifswps:2006_005&r=ure |
| By: | Giulio Fella (Queen Mary, University of London); Giovanni Gallipoli (University College London public) |
| Keywords: | Education, Crime, Equilibrium, Policy |
| JEL: | E10 D50 I20 |
| Date: | 2006–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sce:scecfa:192&r=ure |
| By: | Malmberg, Bo (Institute for Futures Studies); Andersson, Eva (Institute for Housing and Urban Research (IBF)) |
| Abstract: | Is health a forgotten factor in regional economic development? The health or ill health of the European workforce is a crucial issue as the share of old age people as well as the mean age increases. A second reason for this paper is the increased interest in the relation between health and productivity of businesses. Ill health might in this respect be a factor of severe disadvantage for regions to improve their economic performance. A third motive is policy considerations; policies directed to reduce ill health could be considered as an important tool in regional development. In order to explore health as a factor for regional economic development in Sweden we used regional as well as micro level data. The results consistently highlight health as an important determinant of regional economic performance. It is first revealed through a strong correlation in regional data between health levels and economic performance. Healthy municipalities generally have a stronger local economy than those characterised by ill health. In addition a negative effect of ill health is demonstrated in Swedish micro data. In case of sickness in our control group, both the individuals themselves, their spouses, children and colleagues are negatively affected. |
| Keywords: | health; regional economic development; Sweden; sickness benefit; unemployment |
| JEL: | I10 R11 R13 |
| Date: | 2006–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ifswps:2006_004&r=ure |
| By: | S. Gupta; Raghbendra Jha |
| Abstract: | This paper examines allocation of local public goods over jurisdictions (villages) with individuals with identical tastes and different incomes, in a model with democratic institutions and majority rule. The median voter (in income) in each jurisdiction determines the probability of re-election for the incumbent government. The jurisdiction with the median of these median voters is most favoured. With identical median voters in jurisdictions, and with re-election requiring less than 50mandate, jurisdictions with higher income inequality get favoured. Results from a survey data (from NCAER) on infrastructure provision in 1669 Indian villages confirm this hypothesis. Ethnic fragmentation does not affect public good provision but political fragmentation does. Finally, villages with the median population are the most favoured for public goods allocation. Sparsely populated and too densely populated villages are relatively neglected. |
| Keywords: | median voter, local public good, reservation utility |
| JEL: | H41 H72 |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:asarcc:2006-06&r=ure |