| Abstract: |
Croatia is the EU member specific by the highest share of tourism in GDP,
making one-fifth of it. As tourism is prone to various external factors that
are out of state control (clearly visible in the current coronavirus
pandemic), along with its growing share in Croatia, the question of Dutch
disease arises. The Dutch disease phenomenon refers to the state where one
booming sector (e.g. natural resources, which are impersonated by tourism in
this case) causes adverse effects on other sectors (e.g. manufacturing sector,
industry) which finally leads to the decline in the economy's international
competitiveness and deindustrialization. A core model of Dutch disease
explains that a large inflow of foreign money will appreciate real exchange
rate and cause both the spending and reallocation of resources between
non-tradable and tradable sectors thus causing deindustrialization. The aim of
this paper is to investigate whether the increasing tourism sector in Croatia
has caused resource movement from other sectors towards the tourism sector
which would confirm the presence of Dutch disease. Based on Croatian data in
period 1995-2019 we conclude that (i) Croatia is highly specialized in tourism
with (ii) tourism being a more important growth factor than industry and (iii)
a highly important export category; also, (iv) there is a positive
relationship between the tourism revenues growth and a number of employees in
the tradable sector, and negative between the tourism revenues growth and a
number of employees in the non-tradable sector; finally (v) the growth of
tourism revenues did not lead to an appreciation of the real effective
exchange rate. We conclude that Croatia is not sick with the Dutch disease but
if the rapid growth of the tourism sector in Croatia continues, there could be
negative effects of the Dutch disease in the future. |