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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | María Santana-Gallego, Jaume Rosselló-Nadal and Johan Fourie |
| Abstract: | This article examines the effect of terrorism, crime and corruption on tourist arrivals for 171 countries for the period 1995–2013. We apply two types of analysis: a tourism demand model and a disaggregation of tourism arrivals by origin. The findings of the tourism demand model are that terrorism and crime have a negative effect on tourist arrivals but that corruption has no effect; that the effects of terrorism and crime are greater for leisure tourism than for business tourism but that corruption affects only business tourism; and that the effects of terrorism, crime and corruption depend on the attractiveness of the destination country and its level of development. The data on tourist arrivals disaggregated by origin are used to study the effects of instability in the destination and the origin country and to compare the instability measures of the two countries. Here the findings are that terrorism, crime and corruption in the destination country have a negative effect on inbound tourism but that instability in the origin country has no clear effect on tourist departures; and that tourists from stable countries prefer travelling to countries with the same stability but tourists from unstable countries are more tolerant of crime, terrorism and corruption in the destination country. |
| Keywords: | terrorism, crime, corruption, international tourism, gravity model |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:595&r=tur |
| By: | James Mak (University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization, University of Hawaii at Manoa) |
| Abstract: | Tourism Improvement Districts (TIDs), modeled after the more well-known Business Improvement Districts (BIDs), are increasing rapidly in the U.S. With enabling legislation from state and local governments, TIDs allow hoteliers in a tourist destination to ban together to impose compulsory assessments on nearly all the hotels in the district in order to raise money to fund destination marketing. To date, research on TIDs have come almost exclusively from destination marketing organizations (DMOs), travel associations, TIDs, and consultants with vested interest in the formation and expansion of TIDs. This paper synthesizes information from available reports and attempts to provide a more balanced view of the role of TIDs in destination tourism marketing and promotion. |
| Keywords: | Tourism improvement district, tourism business improvement district, tourism marketing district |
| JEL: | H4 H7 |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hae:wpaper:2016-2&r=tur |
| By: | MORIKAWA Masayuki |
| Abstract: | The number of tourists from foreign countries and their consumption expenditure in Japan are increasing rapidly. This paper, using micro data from the Accommodation Survey (Japan Tourism Agency), empirically analyzes the effects of foreign tourists on the productivity of the accommodation industry. According to the production function estimations, an increase in the number of foreign visitors significantly improves the measured total factor productivity (TFPQ) of the accommodation industry. The effects come from both 1) the increase in the quantity of demand for accommodation services and 2) the temporal smoothing of demand fluctuations. However, the number of foreign tourists staying in accommodations differs markedly by facility: in some facilities, the number has greatly increased while many others still do not have any foreign visitors. |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rdpsjp:16044&r=tur |
| By: | Robert Sałek (Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management); Joanna Nowakowska-Grunt (Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management); Anna Brzozowska (Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management); Judyta Kabus (Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management); Anna Wiśniewska-Sałek (Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management) |
| Abstract: | Promotion and operations conducted alongside it, aiming at giving a business or product class and prestige, have accompanied economy for ages. After transition from statist economic policy to free market policy, its influence has also become visible in Poland. It has given a whole new dimension to promoted products. On the other hand, proper functioning of tourism aided by various economic instruments is possible only when the essence of the issue of tourism as a social and economic phenomenon is correctly understood. If by this term we mean management of tourist traffic, benefits and sales of tourism goods aided by, i.e. promotion (the most important marketing tool), we will understand the economic benefits. This paper is an attempt to analyze the process of management of tourist product promotion. There have been presented tools used in promotion which includes brand and advertisement, among others. There has also been analyzed the essence of promotion in tourism. |
| Keywords: | management, tourism, tourist product, promotion, marketing. |
| JEL: | M31 Z00 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:ibmpro:3406027&r=tur |