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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Ivan Paunović (Singidunum University); Miodrag Radojevic (Singidunum University) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – Green economy concept set forth reduction of the seasonality of tourism demand as one of the main goals. Overreliance of mountain tourism on alpine ski tourism can be overcome through diversification of tourism offer and development of summer season. Design –The research was designed to compare the basic market and seasonality of demand indicators of Kopaonik and Zlatibor mountains, in order to give recommendations for product development. The tourist parameters compared were integrated into a coherent sustainable development indicators model. The primary data was collected through survey, which was conducted as a component of the EU financed project: “Support to implementation of the National Strategy for Tourism” 07SER01/23/11. Methodology – The research methodology used for comparing age, length of stay, level of daily spending, and satisfaction of tourists was independent samples t-test processed in SPSS, while methodology for image attributes, expense levels by categories and seasonality of demand was descriptive statistics. Approach – The research combines market indicators with seasonality of demand indicators in order to give recommendations for sustainable product development, through benchmarking of 2 major mountain destinations. Findings – The research showed that demographic segmentation is the single most important criteria for summer season mountain tourism market segmentation in the 2 mountain destinations in Serbia. Analysis of the image attributes expense categories showed that both mountain destinations (Zlatibor and Kopaonik) offer different value propositions to tourists and have different competitive advantages. Seasonality of demand analysis demonstrated highly unsustainable destination development on Kopaonik mountain. Originality of the research – The research combines market data with the seasonality of demand indicators in order to offer novel product development solutions that would support development of green, sustainable tourism. |
| Keywords: | Green economy, Marketing Mountain Destinations, Destination Benchmarking, Benhmarking, Tourism Product Development, Sustainable Development Indicators |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:confpap4&r=tur |
| By: | Christian Stipanović (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka, Croatia); Elena Rudan (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka, Croatia) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – This paper explores the current condition and the possible development perspectives of creative tourism in the tourist destination of Kvarner. Design – The research starts with a broadened conceptual definition of creative tourism which denotes meeting the tourists’ needs within the development of a creative potential in the acquisition of knowledge and new experiences relating to the holiday destination. Based on the research of new creative tourism trends and the analysis of the current state of creative and cultural offer in the Kvarner destination, the paper aims to set the goals and define the means to innovate the operational strategies in order to reposition Kvarner as a creative tourism destination. Methodology – The research is based on an analysis of the current situation (surveys, focus groups, confronting attitudes of stakeholders) and the perception of the future, as well as the author's situational analysis and development scenario analysis. The subject has been insufficiently explored and represents a development of the Kvarner cultural tourism development concept and strategy. The main limitation of the research lies in the small sample of the surveyed management attitudes, due to a lack of creative tourism awareness, which in turn results in the lack of Kvarner creative tourism strategies and management. Findings – With the development of creative tourism, the Kvarner destination can become recognizable as a destination providing a new, differentiated offer on the market, based on authenticity and creativity all in accordance with the specific needs of contemporary tourists and new tourism market trends. Originality – The research both raises new questions and offers qualitative solutions with the goal of qualitative transformation of Kvarner tourism through a continuous improvement of all segments of creative tourism. It further raises the question of synergy of different microdestinations' offer in branding Kvarner as a destination of creative tourism. The originality of the work stems from theoretical determinants, the authors’ attitudes, and the results of tourists and management research. |
| Keywords: | cultural tourism, cultural heritage, Central Europe, Southeast Europe, touristic branding, historical layers |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section8-3&r=tur |
| By: | Irfan Arikan (IMC FH Krems University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria); Ilker Unsever (Ünsever Hukuk Bürosu, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of tourism paradox and tourism equinox on destinations in relation to tourism. The opportunities to create a new form of tourism practice that potentially reduces our environmental and social impacts, while simultaneously enhancing our individual experiences, are the focus of a number of ideas in this paper. Design – Having the tourism industry as the only development model for a country with its natural and cultural resources could not only destroy the social life but also the tourism industry itself. The prospects of even more income will cause an increase in the tourism revenue generation capacity of the destination, which often causes deterioration and devastation of the attractions at the destination and a decrease of the tourism earnings in the long run. Methodology – The methodology of this paper includes secondary literature sources and examples of approaches for sustainable tourism development of the existing strategies. Sustainable tourism is the only type of tourism that can offer an authentic countryside lifestyle area, where it is possible to relax and enjoy nature and countryside atmosphere, like in Tuscany, Provence, Wachau, etc. These approaches cover a multitude of areas of study and implementation ranging from, but not limited to environmental, social, economic and urban development and design. Approach – In common usage, the word “paradox” often refers to statements that are ironic or unexpected. “Tourism paradox” is the name given to this phenomenon where industrial tourism deteriorates or destroys natural and cultural environment, which is necessary for tourism activities. The balance, which does not change and disturbs the social and economic relations at the destination is called “tourism equinox”. The name “equinox” is derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night), because around the equinox, night and day are about equal length. New projects and approaches to solve the problem caused by the growth of urban populations and establish healthy sustainable tourism destinations are becoming more important than ever. Findings – Projects which focus on and emphasize the economic and social benefits should be undertaken in order to protect these values in the long run. Sustainability should be substantiated through policy and legislation and should be primary objective in all decisions regarding tourism. Rural tourism must be promoted as a key driver of rural tourism development, and funds must be devoted to supporting the development of rural regions. In order to avoid tourism paradox, tourism equinox should be well placed to contribute directly to rural development as many rural areas are attractive to visitors. The originality of this research – Although the equation “more tourists=more tourism income” is so simple, it is not a sustainable approach for the development plans. The awareness of locals and visitors should be raised in order to prevent damage to the historical and cultural environment. The carrying capacity of the region should be determined under sustainable principles, and local governments, non-governmental organizations, universities and professional organizations should cooperate against adverse environmental effects caused by tourism. |
| Keywords: | Tourism Paradox, Tourism Equinox, Tourism Development, Slow Tourism, Sustainability |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section5-1&r=tur |
| By: | Mili Razović (Department of Tourism and Communication Sciences, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia) |
| Abstract: | Modern tourists during their stay in the tourism area expect hospitality and direct relationship with its host. The purpose of this paper is to point out the fact that the needs of modern tourists can be satisfied especially in the atmosphere and ambience of the family hotels as more significant form of Croatian tourism offer. Design – The paper consists of comments, research and research results. The methodology of this paper is based on field research on the islands of Brac, Vis, Hvar and Šolta. Attitudes and a possible model for the development of family-run hotels as important factor in the development of tourism on these islands and Croatian are defined through interviewing foreign tourists and local people. The approach in this paper is based on the research results, which are the basis for defining development model of family hotels as a special form of tourist offer. Findings – The paper confirms the basic hypothesis of work that there are significant opportunities for the development of family hotels and for which there is significant demand for this form of tourist offer. Originality of the work lies in the fact that it is based on the research of family hotels, a relatively new form of tourist offer with a strong growth tendency in tourism demand. Based on the research results development model of family hotels as a substantial part of Croatian tourism offer is proposed. This paper proposes also the organizational development of family hotel industry model as a precondition of incentives for development the Croatian hotel industry and its valorization on the international tourism market. |
| Keywords: | hotel, tourism industry, tourism offer, tourism development |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:confpap7&r=tur |
| By: | Olga Debicka (Institute of Maritime Transport and Seaborne Trade, Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk, Poland); Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrzabek (Institute of Maritime Transport and Seaborne Trade, Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk, Poland) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this article is to present the concept of responsible tourism in theory, and present the results of authors’ survey on the awareness of responsible tourism in Poland. Design – Development of the tourist industry often has negative effects on wildlife and local communities, and so for these values which are most valuable in attracting tourist to a particular place. Low tourist culture of travelling persons can result in a situation in which tourism may threaten the foundations of its existence. The responsible tourism seems to be an answer to this problem by focusing on fostering the sense of responsibility of a traveller towards the visited place. Methodology – The methodology of the research includes review of the relevant literature allowing to present the relationship between sustainable tourism and responsible tourism, and to discuss the principles of responsible tourism. The awareness of Polish citizens in that sphere was analysed through the questionnaire survey conducted in 2013. The sampling method used in the survey was a simple random selection. Approach – It becomes a necessity to strive for responsible and sustainable development of the tourism industry and the tourists– to ensure such a development so that we can satisfy a need to travel without picking up future generation such possibility. To achieve this, some actions are needed to preserve natural resources and support local communities - both their economy and culture. We do need a responsible tourism which offers a way to minimize ecological impacts, benefit local communities and reduce poverty - a responsible tourism which is reflected in the way the trips are organized and practiced in the economic, environmental and cultural spheres. Findings – Responsible tourism is still a new trend in Poland. Education on the responsible tourism is particularly important, especially when having in mind that tourists are often attracted by "otherness" of the region which they choose. Through sharing the knowledge, building awareness of cultural and ecological diversity, through controlled sightseeing, the environment which is the biggest tourist attraction, can be protected, nurtured and preserved for future generations. Originality – The originality of the model consists on assessing the level of awareness and behaviour of Polish tourists relating to responsible tourism. To achieve this objective, strictly connected with striving to increase activities in the field of responsible tourism, the authors have developed a framework of such behaviour by determining 30 individual indicators in total, divided into 6 groups. |
| Keywords: | sustainable tourism, responsible tourism, awareness of responsible tourism |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section4-1&r=tur |
| By: | Iva Bulatović (Montenegro Tourism School, Mediterranean University Podgorica); Rade Ratković (Faculty of Bussines and Tourism, Budva, Montenegro) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present indicators of sustainable tourism development in the Skadar Lake Zone in Montenegro. Acctualy tourism is one of the most important industries in Montenegro, and therefore deserves the most attention. Local community plays very important role in future tourism development in this area and their environmental awareness is the crucial factor for ensuring sustainability. Design – In order to understand the concept of sustainable tourism well, this paper explains the concept of sustainable development, the principles of sustainable development, goals and indicators of sustainability. Sustainable development is treated as a global strategy. There is a special focus on the concept of sustainable tourism and indicators of sustainable tourism. Methodology – For the purpose of this paper special survey was conducted among the households situated in the zone of Skadar Lake. Closed questionnaire was prepared and 51 people – households’ representatives who are directly and / or indirectly associated with the industry of tourism answered it. Some interviews were done in pearson, some by telephone and e-mail. Statistical analysis was used for data processing. Approach – Sustainability of tourist destination is an actual issue that our and future generations have to deal with. Thanks to natural beauty and resources, Montenegro has become a tourist destination. National parks are one of the most important characteristics of Montenegro, but tourism in national parks and around is not developed enough and we cannot say that represents sustainable development of tourism. Findings – Research conducted in the zone of Skadar Lake shows that ecological awareness of the people who live there is at relatively low level. Ecological initiatives and adequate educational programs can ensure the sustainability of this zone as a tourist destination. Destination planning is fundamental for development of sustainable tourism. Originality – This paper can provide assistance in the sustainable tourism planning and analysis of the Skadar Lake area. |
| Keywords: | sustainability, tourism, management, ecological awareness, development |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section1-3&r=tur |
| By: | Silvia Maican (“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, Alba county, Romania); Malina Cordos (“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, Alba county, Romania); Carmen Pastiu (“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, Alba county, Romania); Andreea Muntean (“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, Alba county, Romania) |
| Abstract: | One of the most historical counties in Romania, Alba has a very rich and diverse touristic potential, that, until now is insufficiently exploited from the touristic point of view. Tourism in this part of Romania has seen a great growth in recent years, especially the rural tourism and ecotourism, a growth that is demonstrated by the increasing number and capacity of the tourist accommodations facilities in this area. Purpose – The major purpose of this article is to outline the evolution of tourist accommodation facilities indicators from Alba County, Romania. Design – The present paper presents an analysis of the tourist accommodation facilities in Alba County, Romania. The types of the accommodation facilities from the studied county are presented, as well as the evolution of their capacity during 2010-2013, number of employees and their qualifications, other facilities offered to tourists. Methodology/ Approach – In order to achieve the objectives, the survey selective research was used, offering the study recipients the opportunity to identify solutions for tourism development in the county of Alba and to improve the existing opportunities. The survey was conducted based on a questionnaire delivered by interviewers to a representative sample of respondents. The sampling frame – the survey base was determined by the research team through the analysis conducted on the existing accommodation, tourism products, tourism potential, tourism traffic and following the analysis of the secondary sources of information on tourism in Alba County. Findings – During 2010 – 2013, there was an increase of the average accommodation capacity offered by units, from an average of 18 seats to an average of 21 seats; housing units’ occupancy is higher in summer than in winter; there are relatively few accommodation units that offer additional services; less than half provide conference rooms, gyms or children playgrounds; the poor development of the general infrastructure is seen as the most important influencing factor; the main type of tourists staying in the analyzed accommodation units are mostly families on vacation, weekend vacationers or people in transit; the main form of tourism practiced by tourists is the recreation and rest tourism, followed by the weekend and the transit tourism Originality – The paper presents the results of the first research of this kind on the accommodation facilities from Alba County. |
| Keywords: | tourism infrastructure, tourist accommodation facilities, tourist accommodation capacity |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:confpap3&r=tur |
| By: | Marko Perić (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka, Croatia); Jelena Đurkin (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka, Croatia); Ivanka Lamot (Department for International Cooperation and EU Integration, Istria County, Pula, Croatia) |
| Abstract: | Purpose-To investigate the importance of inclusion of various local stakeholders in the implementation of tourism projects, focusing mainly on involvement in the organisation of activities and the distribution of benefits. Design-After a short review of the most important research on stakeholders and their role in tourism development, a case study of the cultural tourism Istra Inspirit project initiated by the Istria county, the Istria Tourist Board and the Istria Tourism Development Agency, is analysed. Methodology/Approach – A short literature review on stakeholder theory and its implementation in the field of tourism is the basis for the investigation of the described theoretical assumptions using a case study method. Case study analysis is oriented toward the involvement of various groups of stakeholders in the project implementation, their contribution and sharing financial and non- financial benefits from the project. Findings – Based on the case study analysis' results, efficient strategies for stakeholder involvement in the realisation of tourism projects have been identified and the importance of stakeholder management for the success of tourism projects has been confirmed. Originality – There are very few papers oriented toward the analysis of stakeholder involvement and the distribution of benefits on a particular case study of a tourism project initiated by the public sector. |
| Keywords: | Stakeholder management, tourism projects, local community, Istria |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section4-6&r=tur |
| By: | Romão, João (Lusíada University) |
| Abstract: | Despite the close relationship between tourism and territory, the application of spatial analysis methods in tourism is not abundant in the literature. Nevertheless, the recent developments in the analysis of space-time models, the existence of geo-referenced information and the availability of suitable software tools has created new opportunities for studying the role of space in tourism activities. A space-time panel data model is developed in this work in order to analyse the relations between tourism demand and the existence of infrastructures, cultural assets and natural resources in European regions, including the analysis of spatial effects. The results reveal the positive impacts of the explanatory variables on tourism demand and the clear existence of spatial correlations, suggesting that regional tourism demand benefits from the dynamics registered in neighborhood regions. Policy implications - including the need for a multi-regional approach for planning and promotion of tourism - are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Space-time Model; Panel Data; Spatial Analysis; Tourism Demand |
| JEL: | C21 |
| Date: | 2015–05–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:cieodp:2015_003&r=tur |
| By: | Carmen Pastiu (“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, Alba County, Romania); Andreea Muntean (“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, Alba County, Romania); Claudia Moisa (“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, Alba County, Romania); Silvia Maican (“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, Alba County, Romania) |
| Abstract: | The travel agencies play an important role in tourism development. Alba County can be considered an important touristic destination in Romania. Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to underline the role of travel agencies in sustaining tourism development in Alba County. Design – A survey was conducted to find the opinion of these companies managers regarding the role they plays in the valorisation of touristic potential. Methodology – The survey that was carried out was going to be a quantitative type of research. The means of communication with the investigated unit: interviews based on a questionnaire administered by the operators. The primary data was collected out of a sample of 16 travel agencies operating in Alba county, from a total number of 20s. The sample for the target group has been identified using purposive sampling method. Purposive sampling method was applied to travel agencies managers’ participants because this sample was considered to meet the objectives of the research, though it did not represent the whole population. The questionnaires were administered by face to face interviews with representatives of the participating travel agencies at the Albac Tourism Fair held between 6th-8th September 2013, but also at the agencies' headquarters. Approach – Travel agencies operating both locally as well as nationally and internationally, should be encouraged to provide tourism products in the county. It is necessary to find solutions to improve the quality of tourism services in Alba County. Findings – According to the acquired results, the most important factors affecting the implication of travel agencies in Alba County tourism development are the insufficient development of tourism resources in the area, lack of financial resources and poor general infrastructure. Less important are considered to be laws and excessive bureaucracy. Originality – The paper presents the results of the first research of this kind on the travel agencies from Alba County. |
| Keywords: | travel agencies, tourism development, tourists |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section5-4&r=tur |
| By: | Ines Milohnić (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka, Croatia); Josipa Cvelić Bonifačić (Valamar Hotels & Resorts Zagreb) |
| Abstract: | The development of tourism worldwide is highly dependent on strong megatrends which mark the development of our society and the world economy. Urbanization, aging of the population and similar trends are becoming key challenges for the future development of campsites. Fundamental challenge is to find specific answers to global challenges which are tightly connected to camping tourism management. Aim of this research is to deliver an analysis and estimation of future trends in the context of world tourist and economic trends. Further aim is to estimate the direction of the development of camping tourism, especially management activities increating innovative camping services. In the paper, specific trends of camping market development will be estimated, especially camping caravan market and specific key camping demand markets. As an answer to the market, economical and sociological society challenges through the socalled "re- trends" the recommendations to camping management are tailored in creating competitive development of the camping services. Advanced camping quality, innovative forms of camping accommodation with programs and outdoor activities, create and secure demand of new guest segments, such as the so- called silver generation, "millenians" and new types of families which generate sustainable long- term competitive development of the camping tourism. Camping tourism as a return to primary values of the human civilization, through sustainability, rejuvenation of services, outdoor activities and sociological values gives answers to the negative trends of the societal development and becomes one of the highest quality answers of tourism to the numerous global challenges. |
| Keywords: | camping tourism, trends, management, innovation, competitiveness |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section6-3&r=tur |
| By: | Marina Gregorić (University College for Economics, Entrepreneurship Nikola Šubić Zrinski, Zagreb, Croatia) |
| Abstract: | Purpose of this research is to apply PESTEL analysis on two different destinations (Croatia and Qatar) in order to find our their specific attributes as well as to analyse weather we can learn from their advantages and disadvantages due to the fact that one is rich on natural attractions while other one is mostly characterised by humand made attractions. Design is done by using the core of PESTEL analysis where each destination is analysed according to political, economical, socio-cultural, technological, ecological and legal factors influencing their current situation, growth and potential development. Methodology used in this paper is application of PESTEL analysis in order to compare and analyze two international destionations from the perspective of business forms of tourism (commonly called MICE industry). The study was done in order to apply PESTEL analysis on two countries; Croatia and Qatar. Applying PESTEL analysis in tourism we can benefit by assessment and understanding of global behaviour of tourism demand. Approach of this paper shows that researcher has applied each factor of PESTEL analysis on both countries; Croatia and Qatar from the perspective of MICE tourism. The basis for analysis is taken from the broader research done by author and includes the following: quantitative and qualitative research of key elements in business tourism of each country, as well as the secondary research through statistical data, related literature and related statistical document taken from current situation in business tourism sector of Croatia and Qatar. Findings of the research and PESTEL analysis are also result of researcher's observation from real life since the author has lived and worked in Hospitality sector in Qatar for more than seven years and by being involved in national workshops organized by Qatar Tourism Authority, has gained lots of quality knowledge and experience to prepare this analysis for readers who are interested in this topic. MICE tourism is one of the vital element in Croatian tourism development plan and Croatia is aiming to become known MICE destination while it is the major type of tourism in Qatar (95% of Qatari tourism is MICE tourism). The findings of PESTEL analysis could be of interest for all individuals and institutions interested in current trends and practices of MICE industry in Croatia and Qatar. Originality of this research comprises in the fact that no other study is done in Croatia or Qatar using such a deep and systematic approach, using authors previous and current knowledge, applying qualitative and quantitative research methods and by living in both destinations and participating in the development of MICE in both countries, Croatia and Qatar. |
| Keywords: | MICE, Business tourism, PESTEL, Analysis, Destination |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:confpap1&r=tur |
| By: | Vesna Bedekovic (College for Management in Tourism and Informatics in Virovitica, Virovitica, Croatia); Irena Bosnić (College for Management in Tourism and Informatics in Virovitica); Božidar Jaković (College for Management in Tourism and Informatics in Virovitica) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – As one of the fastest-growing tourism sectors, cultural tourism increasingly pronouncedly expands the focus of its interest to the various aspects of culture while directing an offer toward the creation of a unique cultural tourist destination’s atmosphere, formed by the tourists, tourist workers, and local population. An encounter and cultural convergence in cultural tourism, based upon an idea of interculturalism as a connection between various cultures, centralize the issue of intercultural competence as a basis of intercultural communication during a tourist contact. Design/methodology – The paper provides for a theoretical survey of basic notions in the field of interculturalism relevant for the establishment of cultural tourism’s intercultural dimension based on an encounter, communication, and acceptance of various cultures. Approach – A theoretical analysis of the key terms in the field of interculturalism is directed to the deepening of intercultural competence’s comprehension, its crucial elements, and indicators, whereby attention is devoted to an importance of intercultural competence as a basis of an intercultural communication between the tourist workers, tourists, and local population. Findings – Starting from a reality that tourist destinations represent the intersections of various cultures, it is necessary to observe cultural tourism as an area of active application of interculturalism, wherein each participant in a tourist contact represents and offers a culture of his/her own. A tourist attention diversification centralizes the issue of structuralization of supply that could satisfy needs for an active acquaintance with other cultures, while the future cultural tourism’s challenges are reflected in the modernly structured contents and programs that would dispel the stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination in direct contacts between various cultures. Originality – The paper represents a theoretical contribution to an elucidation of personnel’s intercultural competence problematic in cultural tourism within a context of its adjustment to a culturally pluralistic perspective through an experience of diversity as a chance for an individual professional growth. |
| Keywords: | cultural tourism, interculturalism, culture encounter, intercultural competence, intercultural communication |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section8-1&r=tur |
| By: | Peter Jordan (Institute of Urban and Regional Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria) |
| Abstract: | The purpose – Cultural and city tourism are intensively promoted by most Central and Southeast European countries. But frequently identity and historiography of the modern nation states is at odds with some periods of history and emphasizes others. This may result in a rather selective presentation of the cultural heritage also to tourists and in difficulties to define a tourism brand. Selective presentation refers also to the cultural heritage of minorities and Communism. Methodology, approach – The paper investigates into the attitudes of various Central and Southeast European countries in this respect. Methods applied are personal observations as well as surveys of websites of national and regional tourist boards. Findings – Political strive for national homogeneity is very often also extended to the field of tourism resulting in the neglect of certain tourist attractions or in not explicitly attributing them to their originators, especially as regards more recent periods of history. Most obvious cases in this respect are the disregard of the Hungarian cultural heritage in Romania, of the Ottoman cultural heritage in Serbia and of not attributing the German cultural heritage to their originators in Slovenia. On the other hand we witness a lot of openness in this respect. Best practices can be observed in Poland related to the Hanseatic/Prussian/German as well as Jewish and Kashubian cultural heritage, in Czechia related to the (supra-national) Austrian cultural heritage, in Slovakia related to the German and Rusyn cultural heritage and not the least in Croatia related to the Venetian and Austrian cultural heritage. This resulted already in significant success on the tourism market by prompting additional demand and attracting a quality segment. This research is original because it relates national and regional tourism branding to a wider historical-political background. An added value results also from the comparative view over rather divergent countries. |
| Keywords: | cultural tourism, cultural heritage, Central Europe, Southeast Europe, touristic branding, historical layers |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section8-2&r=tur |
| By: | Biljana Lončarić (Tourist Bord of Slavonski Brod, Croatia) |
| Abstract: | The research problem – Despite the fact that the visual identity of Slavonski Brod is created in early 2011th, it is still not sufficiently recognizable among tourists. Research objectives – It is necessary to determine activities that have to be undertaken as components of an action plan for tourism development of Slavonski Brod within the branding strategy to make the city more recognizable in tourist markets. The purpose – The purpose of this paper is to support the thesis that tourist destinations branding is lengthy process that includes an evaluation of the image by the visitors, but also by the target market groups we aim at. Design – The special focus is given to review the issue of the process of determing the logo, slogan and visual identity of a destination. Methodology – The methodology of the research includes the examples of good practice, analysis of the existing strategic documents in the segment of tourist destinations branding and activities on branding Croatia and Slavonia, as well as Slavonski Brod as a tourist destination. It also includes primary research conducted by the Tourist Board of Slavonski Brod among the tourists and the locals, as well as the Tourist Board web visitors, city public institutions and tourism and hospitality sector. Approach – Synthesizing distinguishing elements on which one should build a long-term market recognition of Slavonski Brod, the Zagreb Institute for Tourism, during the development of tourism master plan, found that the tourist image of Slavonski Brod should be based on history and culture, friendly people, a characteristic atmosphere and natural features space. That was the starting point for the research of the Tourist Board of Slavonski Brod. Findings – In the past activities on the branding of the city of Slavonski Brod neither tourists nor the local population were dominated by negative associations. However, studies that were conducted among the various target groups during January and February 2014th showed that the practical application of the new visual identity of Slavonski Brod in tourism and hospitality sector was more or less absent, what is the reason why the city brand was not recognized by a sufficient number of tourists as well as users of services in this sector which resides outside the city. The originality – The paper defines the steps that should be undertaken to create the new logo and slogan in a tourist destination. The model of branding of the city of Slavonski Brod can be applied in surroundings. |
| Keywords: | Slavonski Brod, tourist brand, slogan, logo, visual identity, tourist destination |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section4-3&r=tur |
| By: | Zdravko Šergo (Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Poreč, Croatia); Amorino Poropat (Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Poreč, Croatia); Pavlo Ružic (Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Poreč, Croatia) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this study are (1) to explore the determinants of visitors’ arrivals at a destination from various countries, and the determinants of length of stays in Croatia (2) to examine if there is interaction effect between individual characteristics of origin countries and relative prices on length of stay, and/or various variables that include environment, energy, traffic and distance diversity. Design – The special focus is given to reviewing the theoretical issue of defining length of stays of visitors, i.e. discussing prices as a factor that impact a length of stays as an endogenous variable in tourism modeling. The paper also presents the more complex model of arrivals to the Croatia's resorts that are essential for the understanding of tourism in this country on broader scope. Methodology – The methodology of the research includes the descriptive statistics of time series and cross-sectional units (e.g. countries of origin), analysis of the existing data that are included in panel regression modeling, rigorous statistic diagnostics performed with an intention to choose the robust estimator. Approach – Given the importance of tourism sector for Croatia, this paper investigates the factors affecting the length of stay and arrivals of tourist visitors in Croatia using panel data from twenty-one countries, since 1996 to 2010. Findings – The main variables as the determinants of international arrivals in Croatia as a destination are: overcrowding and congestion of destination, attraction and environmental status and spatial distance between the capital cities. From modeling of the average duration of holiday deduced is inflation as a predictor but with insignificant value. Originality – The originality of this paper consists on the fact that it refers to empirical testing of a speculative area of research, still yet, as modeling of tourism demand often is; by this research touched is a variety of factors (state of natural attractiveness, pollution and energy intensively, prices and geographical distances) that influence tourism demand of Croatia. |
| Keywords: | length of stays, international demand, tourist arrivals cross-sectional model, panel data model, Croatia |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section8-4&r=tur |
| By: | Emira Becic (Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Directorate for Science and Technology, Zagreb, Croatia); Kristina Crnjar (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka); Mauro Licul |
| Abstract: | Purpose – This paper addresses a series of key questions regarding the role of innovation in tourism industry, and its relation to economic performance and the competitiveness of Croatia with regard to the tourism sector. For detecting and evaluating the impact of innovation activities on tourism sector performance, this paper takes a look at recent statistics on innovation activities in the tourism sector in Croatia and selected countries. The focus is on innovation activities made by enterprises in Sector I - Accommodation and Food Service Activities. Methodology – The majority of the statistical data will be taken from Eurostat and other data sources (UNWTO). Descriptive analysis and correlation analysis were preformed to analyze the data. Research findings and originality – Using the available data from CIS surveys, the paper analyzes the type of innovations by enterprises, estimates the impact on total turnover and tests the intensity of correlation between type of innovations, total Turnover and Receipts relative to GDP (for Croatia and selected countries). The paper analyzes trends in innovation evaluation and effects on employment in tourism. Therefore, it contributes to the existing literature on the effects of innovation in the tourism industry. |
| Keywords: | CIS survey, measures of innovation activities, Human capital, Innovation in Accommodation and Food Service Activities sector, Croatia |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section2-1&r=tur |
| By: | Ksenija Vodeb (Faculty of Tourism Studies – Turistica, University of Primorska) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The paper seeks to explain the multidimensional image of sustainability and competitiveness tying them together due to the fact that relationship between them is reciprocally supportive. A more interdisciplinary approach to the concept is needed focusing on interaction between sustainability and competitiveness. Applicability of the concept without proper understanding is not possible, although it must be integrated in tourism planning process. Developing final set of measures and indicators and ensuring high level of community participation would be necessary. Design – The design of the paper is descriptive and it represents an overview of studies from the research field of sustainability, competitiveness, resident attitude and tourism planning. Methodology – The analysis and synthesis, comparative and compilation as well as descriptive method were used. Findings – The paper finds that there are high level of interaction and causality between sustainability and competitiveness. To translate conceptual ideas into practical tool and develop a final set of measures reasonable to the task, place and time is to be done in order to gain high level of participation between major stakeholders at the destination. Originality – In initial stage of destination development it should be determine the appropriate level of community involvement to strengthen the sense of community which directly reinforces destination identity and its competitiveness. Establishing participatory development measures at the destination is needed in order to enhance the quality of tourist experience. |
| Keywords: | sustainable competitiveness, social sustainability, resident attitude, tourism planning |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section1-6&r=tur |
| By: | Dora Smolčić Jurdana (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka); Ljiljana Zmijanović |
| Abstract: | Purpose – This paper researches and analyzes the seasonality of tourist demand for visiting protected areas in relation to ecological, economical, technological and socio-cultural sustainability. It focuses on protected areas which has a special type of tourism, especially category II – national parks. Design – After years of research it is possible to know whether the seasonality level has increased or decreased. Statistical research of the seasonality level in Croatian national parks, especially Plitvice Lakes and Krka, has shown that seasonality of tourist demand overlaps with tourist interest to visit the natural phenomenon or highly protected areas. Methodology/Approach – Field research and interviews with the local inhabitants contribute to better understanding human needs and better understanding their existence in the protected areas. One of the components of the paper is the interdependency or the effect which seasonality has on the natural and cultural goods in protected areas, how and at what level they are being used. Findings – The management model of protected areas must be directed towards the development and monitoring mechanisms to alleviate the negative effects of seasonality on protected areas. The development of appropriate forms of tourism activities that reduce the negative impact on the protected area imposes itself as a practical necessity. The stabilization of visits can be influenced by pre-defined rules of conduct, and partly affected by quality spatial distribution of visitors, at various locations within the site Originality – Modern management tools must be used in order to establish a fair and balanced relationship between using and conserving in the world, which is reflected in the overall preservation of human values, as being indivisible from their natural environment. |
| Keywords: | sustainability, seasonality, tourism, management, protected area |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section2-4&r=tur |
| By: | Maldonado, Mauricio (University of Chile); Noronha Vaz, Teresa (University of Algarve) |
| Abstract: | Studies of local knowledge spillovers have often focused on empirical evidence for core regions, and been related largely to manufacturing, neglecting behavior in less innovative economic sectors in peripheral regions. Tourism in the Algarve region is the main engine of its regional economy. Although frequently considered as a low-moderate innovative sector, competitive tourism firms are becoming increasingly Knowledge Intensive, which may create positive advantages for regional growth. This may improve conditions for the creation and diffusion of knowledge, with cooperative and collaborative interaction contributing to the consolidation of a regional innovation system (RIS). The goal of this study is to provide preliminary evidence of the main sources and vehicles of regional knowledge spillovers affecting tourism firms in the Algarve, generally considered to be a peripheral region. The main sources of knowledge used by micro and small tourism firms (MSTF) are human resources and formal and informal networks. This study detected specific features of a regional innovation platform which, eventually, may give way to a RIS. |
| Keywords: | Tourism; Innovation; Knowledge Spillover; Knowledge Intensive Services; Regional Innovation System; Algarve Region |
| JEL: | P25 |
| Date: | 2015–05–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:cieodp:2015_004&r=tur |
| By: | Hana Horakova (Department of International Relations and European Studies, Metropolitan University Prague, Czech Republic); Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrzabek (Faculty of Science, Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to examine social change of a post-socialist Czech rural locality and community with regard to the large scale tourism development that has been taking place in this area since the late 1990s. The aim is to understand how the post-socialist transformation through tourism affected local community. Design – Tourism has become the primary economic endeavour which dominates community life and upon which the local area is dependent. The area serves as a prime example of a rapidly and extensively evolving, and largely exogenous tourism enterprise situated in a rural host community. The attempt is to present and explain the ways in which local rural people experience, create, interpret, and act upon transformation of the locality through tourism. Methodology - The paper is methodologically grounded in anthropological fieldwork conducted between 2008 and 2013. It is based on the data from participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Approach – The paper is focused on diverse identities, forms of agency and ambiguous interactions emerging within the rural community. It is argued that multiple views and representations of rurality are contingent on diverse memories of socialist past and post-socialist present. Findings – Data confirm the emergence of hybrid rural place filled up with changing spatial, social and power relations, and the processes of the internal ‘othering’ and marginalisation of the post-socialist rural place and people. Originality – The paper presents the outcomes of primary research that is both empirically-driven and conceptually embedded in the concepts of postsocialism, tourism as development, and social change. |
| Keywords: | rural development; rural change; tourism; post-socialism; Czech Republic; social capital |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section4-2&r=tur |
| By: | Dražen Vrhovski (Wawa LLC, Samobor, Croatia); Bruna Földing; Sebastijan Prebanić |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of the work undertaken was to assess to what extent the government subsidies influence the tourism volume in Croatia in order to be regarded a key influencing mechanism for meeting the objectives of the tourism development strategy. Design –Tourism is seen by many as the most important sector in the Croatian economy. The key driver in generating this revenue is costal Croatia focusing primarily on well-established landmarks. Given the key directions set forth by the Croatian tourism development strategy, further development is seen to be driven by promoting tourism in continental Croatia in addition to the traditional areas. This is expected to cut down seasonality and generate diverse new products and services. The corresponding investment and incentivising strategy relies largely on public subsidies to co-finance development projects at landmarks yet to attract substantial touristic demand. Methodology – The paper analyses the efficiency of the subsidies from different public sources by investigating the subsidised amounts with the corresponding tourism volumes. First, baseline volumes were defined for the 2011 financial year using the overnights and employment data. The 2012 and 2013 volumes were then analysed against the baseline data. All the data assessed were geo-referenced to allow for the spatial analysis of the generated effects to be made. Approach – A research hypothesis was set that, in continental Croatia, only marginal advances in the generated tourism volume may be expected as a direct consequence of the subsidised development projects primarily due to the lack of the tourist infrastructure needed. To assess the geographic distribution of both the subsidies and the corresponding volumes, advanced geographic information software (GIS) tools were applied on the NUTS III level statistical data. Findings – Discrepancies in volumes not matching the subsidised amount have been identified and recommendations have been given to mitigate these adverse effects. The paper advocates changes in the subsidising policies to be made, focusing primarily on geographic areas which are capacitated to provide significant immediate positive effects on performance indicators such as employment, GDP and others. This is seen particularly important in times of major economic crisis. Originality –The research utilises detailed NUTS III level data which were geo-referenced to allow for spatial analyses to be made. A state-of-the-art spatial model of the research territory was generated and advanced GIS software utilised in the analyses undertaken. |
| Keywords: | Croatian tourism, development projects, continental tourism, subsides, GIS |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section3-2&r=tur |
| By: | Draženka Birkic (Karlovac University of Applied Sciences); Ida Cubelic Pilija; Jelena Kljaic Šebrek |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to support the hypothesis The local government insufficiently uses strong mechanisms of influence in creation and implementation of sustainable development concept in the coastal destinations. Design – The special focus in this paper is given to the role and the responsibility of the local government and key stakeholders in the coastal destinations, since the local government is considered to be the most responsible for the coordination of tourism development at local level and support of sustainable development approach. Methodology – The desk research was used in this paper and the relevant literature was studied, publicly available planning strategic documents were collected and analyzed by the assessment instrument developed by Simpson (2001). Semi structured in depth interview was conducted in with representatives of local government researching the role and attitude towards the implementation of the sustainable development principles. Approach – The research was conducted in 44 coastal tourist destinations whose strategic planning documents were assessed by the dimensions developed in assessment instrument: Strategic indicators of planning documents - goals and objectives, Physical, ecological and economic situation analysis, Stakeholder participation, Vision and values, Implementation and review. Findings – The results of the research prove that local government has the irreplaceable role and responsibility in the tourism development at the local level but insufficiently knows and implements concept of sustainable development in strategic planning documents. Originality – The originality of this research is in the fact that assessment instrument developed by Simpson is for the first time used to assess implementation of sustainable development principles in the strategic planning documents of the coastal tourist destinations. |
| Keywords: | sustainable tourism development, coastal destination, local government, planning documents |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section1-2&r=tur |
| By: | Robert Ribarić (Technological center, Buzet, Buzet, Croatia) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The importance of innovation in the micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), despite today’s turbulent business environment, continues to be undervalued. Tourism and hospitality industry are among the most important economic drivers worldwide but still approaches to hospitality industry innovation are in an early phase of research development. Because of their ability of providing differentiated products and services, innovative hotels and rural vacation houses are more successful than their non-innovative competitors. Therefore, hospitality industry should develop new innovative offer. To date, potential drivers of innovation in the MSMEs in Istria destination have not been systematically investigated and have not considered the needs of MSMEs. This paper is aimed to span this gap. Design/methodology/approach – By integrating cognition from up to date conducted researches as well as adding some new potential drivers, the author proposed set of 16 potential drivers of innovation in the MSMEs in hospitality industry, which is believed to be more suitable. A quantitative survey was carried out in Istria MSMEs. Findings – The research results show five main groups of potential drivers of innovation in the MSMe in hospitality industry and the best rated in Istria hospitality industry such as owners/management and employee engagement; and information technology. Potential drivers within the group of innovation network should be improved by owners/managers. It is essential to emphasize more activity and connections between the academic community and entrepreneurs, as well as between stakeholders and entrepreneurs in tourist destination. Originality – This study is the first to provide potential drivers of innovation in MSMEs in hospitality industry in Istria. It gives information which should help owners/managers in developing new tourist product. In addition to practical implications, the study has academic contributions to the existing literature of innovation activities in hospitality industry which is presently an under-researched area. Keywords potential drivers of innovation, innovation activities, contribution of external factor, MSMEs, hospitality industry, Istria destination |
| Keywords: | camping tourism, trends, management, innovation, competitiveness |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section6-4&r=tur |
| By: | Dragan Roller (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka, Croatia); Sabina Hodžić (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka, Croatia); Sanja Premec |
| Abstract: | Purpose – Taxes directly affect business activities of entities in tourism in Mediterranean countries of Europe. This is reflected in service prices, and therefore in the offer and demand for hotel management services. The aim of this paper is to present which Mediterranean countries of Europe carry the largest tax burden with regard to corporate income tax. Design – Three main areas are discussed, namely: corporate income taxation in the hotel industry, tax revenues of Mediterranean countries of Europe and Croatian corporate income tax distribution and tourist destinations. Methodology - The paper provides a comparative analysis of corporate income taxation of hotel industry for Mediterranean countries of Europe. Approach – This paper examines incentives in corporate income tax in Croatian fiscal practice and corporate income taxation in the hotel industry of Mediterranean countries of Europe. This approach is regarded as a considerable contribution to further research on tax burden in the hotel industry. Findings – The hotel industry in Mediterranean countries of Europe is affected by corporate income taxation. Higher taxation of hotel industry in Mediterranean countries of Europe decreases competitiveness of tourist destinations. Originality – The results of this research show that Croatias corporate income tax rate is not as big as in other Mediterranean countries of Europe; however, its economic and financial instability makes Croatia a tourist destination unfavourable for development of hotel industry. |
| Keywords: | corporate income tax, hotel industry, Mediterranean countries of Europe, fiscal policy |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section5-5&r=tur |
| By: | Marinela Krstinić Nižić (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka); Marcel Bračić |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of the research is to examine the awareness of hoteliers on energy efficiency and environmental protection. The authors wanted to know whether the hotel companies in the inner regions of Istria and Kvarner implement or plan to implement energy efficiency measures in order to use their resources more rationally. Design - Every hotel company should act responsibly towards the environment, i.e. be an active participant in sustainable development while preserving natural resources. This represents a great challenge, but also a great economic cost for each individual company. Methodology / Approach – Empirical research was conducted using a simple questionnaire adapted to the target group (tourism management, facility management). The study was conducted in December 2013, in the tourist destinations of Kvarner and Istria, on a sample of 15 hotels. The first part of the questionnaire is close-ended (with offered answers: yes, no, sometimes), while the second part of the survey is descriptive, or open-ended. The method of data collection was self-completion questionnaire, returned by e-mail or personally collected by the researchers at the hotel manager. The collected questionnaires were encrypted and statistically analysed. Another often used method of data collection was one-to-one interview. Findings – It is indicative that there is an increasing awareness of people employed in tourism about the fact that energy efficiency represents both the future and the necessity of business. In contrast, there is a lack of energy management, as well as of planning and investment in the energy efficient technologies. Concrete energy efficiency measures are poorly implemented into business. Originality of the research – This research provides reliable and actual qualitative and quantitative data about the problems of energy efficiency development, as well as the energyand cost saving in the regions of Istria and Kvarner. |
| Keywords: | effective use of resources, energy efficiency, economic savings, green business, tourism |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section3-1&r=tur |
| By: | Nadia Pavia (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka, Croatia); Jasmina Gržinić (Faculty of Economics and Tourism, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia); Tamara Floričić (Faculty of Economics and Tourism, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – In this paper, the importance of the organisation of specialised hotel offer is researched, as well as its competitiveness in the market. The research goal is determination of changes in hotel competitiveness levels following implementation of specialised label standards for the purposes of as high as possible quality organisation of the hotel industry in destination and resource valorisation. Design – The paper is conceived in the way that it presents Croatian hotel industry problem areas from different aspects. First of all, the problem is researched from the legislative aspect, followed by research on positions in specialisation in the Croatian hotel industry. The next component analyses hotel management attitudes on hotel performance and its competitiveness following the realised specialisation and, finally, attitudes of the legislative institution, which proscribes the specialisation standard, are examined. Methodology – To test the hypothesis, two interview researches were conducted which, with their results, synergically contribute to the derivation of conclusions. In the paper preparation, methods of data collection and creative thinking techniques, as well as other scientific and research methods were used. The statistical method includes processing and illustration of statistical information while meta-analysis and the historical method were used in the analysis of numerous scientific and professional works, with the aim of importance evaluation of Croatian hotel industry specialisation certification. Methodology is oriented to the research of the concept of special interest hotels and the sustainability-oriented business philosophy on the repositioning of Istria tourist destination and achieving business excellence. Approach – Authors' arguments and predictions are also presented in the paper. Specialisation in the hotel industry that promotes sustainable products and services on a segmented market are impetus for qualitative response to globalisation processes (synergy of differentiation, specialisation, globalisation and sustainable development). Findings – How much competitiveness and perception of specialised hotels have changed will, in this paper, be considered by means of qualitative research of hotel management attitudes. Introduction of specialised hotel content for groups with particular interests animates tourist trend development in pre and post-season periods, with implementation of entertainment and activity programmes and animation. Conclusions should contribute to new knowledge and point to the need for change and impact trends towards market and business excellence. Originality – The research originality is primarily evidenced in the first consideration and official listing of certified hotels by the Croatian Ministry of Tourism. Unsorted Ministry data is summarised and shaped into a table which implies the trends of development of specialised hotels in the Republic of Croatia. The researched hotel managers and the Ministry of Tourism staff, responsible for this segment, point to the new knowledge and open domains for new future research. |
| Keywords: | hotels, repositioning, selective offer, destination, quality, specialised label |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section4-5&r=tur |
| By: | Ivo Županović (Department of Tourism and Communication Sciences, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – Purpose of the paper creation is the fact that without unit measurement of profit cannot be defined efficiency of any part of the tourism sector. Implementation of yield management allows the aforementioned premise, but primarily from the marketing aspect, where the financial aspect only occurs as a consequence. Also, the purpose of this paper is to prove the connection between operating part of yield management, more precisely price differentiation and strategic level (four predominant strategies). Design/methodology/approach – Yield management is generally created in response to increased competition between companies, primarily in the service sector. Yield management is often defined as revenue management or yield in financial sense, which is not completely correct due to the fact that foundation for the specified subsystem management in marketing concept, and afterwards financial aspect. In fact, primarily the emphasis is on price-differentiation, therefore as management of marketing tool, as well as effective combination with other instruments of marketing mix. Findings – Yield management enables uniform capacity utilization even during changing of tourist consumers demand and thereby maximize total yield. The basic idea of the yield management involvement, therefore, is the development of know-how system, that system of knowledge, then better process monitoring, and yet ultimately optimization of unit revenue and unit profit. Because of this, mainly because of the heterogeneity of tourism, as well as the elasticity tourism demand, and innovation that are represented in the management process is completely necessary to establish the precise measurement of unity of all relevant elements in the tourist system, which requires new tools and techniques. In this sense, it is necessary involvement of yield management, methods of measurement unit income, and indirectly unit costs. Especially is important that yield management can be applied to all tourist sub-systems such as hotel sector, F&B sector and as well distribution channels, more precisely to tour operators and tourist agencies. Originality/contribution – Integrated research proves that without adequate postulates (that yield is primarily marketing and afterwards financial tool), close connection between crucial tools (prices differentation) and strategies (Calendar, Clock, Capacity, Cost) yield management cannot be long-term sustainable system.. |
| Keywords: | yield management, tourism system, price differentiation, marketing mix, capacity utilization, unit profit |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:confpap10&r=tur |
| By: | Romana Lekić (VERN’ University of Applied Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia); Željko Trezner (Association of Croatian Travel Agencies (UHPA), Zagreb, Croatia); Nataša Mance (VERN’ University of Applied Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to integrate some concepts of the Experience Economy and transformational offerings into a conceptual framework of transmodern experience production within tourist destination development. Methodology – We explain the relevance of a tourist experience and sensation, with the DMC space split into three components: the resource space, the activity space and the experience space. Such space gets a sociological connotation as the destination milieu and becomes a ‘meta’ level, whose complexity is illustrated as the kaleidoscopic structure of a tourist milieu. Approach – Experiences are more than additional benefits and offered supplementary to the basic services. In order to design memorable experiences, DMC have to analyzed tourists ‘needs, all five senses should be engaged and should try to surprise the guests over and over. This allows DMC to achieve high emotionality of services and products but on the other hand they have to put more efforts in the design and maintenance of service experiences. Findings – Managers in tourist agencies and DMC of the future will need additional skills as well as being critical and analytic, they will need to be creative and innovative; communication skills need to include narrative, story-telling and the use of non-verbal cues to create atmosphere. They will need to develop empathy with their customers and the curiosity to discover and celebrate local distinctiveness. Originality – Tourism and especially DMC it seems can learn a lot from literature and performance studies as these disciplines provide insight into how meaningful and memorable experiences are structured. The DMC is the animator and the motivator at the tourist destination. That will ensure the quality of tourist offer of a destination and the quality of life of the domicile population. |
| Keywords: | CIS survey, measures of innovation activities, Human capital, Innovation in Accommodation and Food Service Activities sector, Croatia |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section2-2&r=tur |
| By: | Ivanka Nestoroska (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality-Ohrid, University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bitola, Ohrid, Macedonia); Irina Petrovska (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality-Ohrid, University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bitola, Ohrid, Macedonia) |
| Abstract: | Contemporary hotel industry is facing many challenges which are closely connected to the changes that occur both in the field of tourist demand and tourist supply. The changes refer to quality of services at first place, since the needs of tourists change rapidly towards higher quality and different products. Having in mind the character of the activities in hospitality industry where a direct contact between employees and guests is necessary for providing and realizing the services, the success of service realization and fulfill guests’ satisfaction depends the most on the employees. Purpose – of this paper is to present findings from conducted research related to the issue of the importance of staff training in hospitality sector as important management activity for improved service quality. Design – of the research is created to present the advantages of staff training programs and the need for continuing training within hospitality sector in the Republic Macedonia for providing services with higher quality and achieve competitive advantage. Methodology - quantitative and qualitative methods, by implementing theoretical and empirical approach through selected methodological procedures. Approach – is focused on two key areas and questions related to those areas: Segments: two groups of hotels and two groups of interviewees for collecting data related to research problem, and Needs: what is the opinion for benefits from staff training for improved hotel’s service quality. Findings – of the research confirmed the importance for appropriate employee structure within the process of providing services. Staff training in hospitality sector is very important for continuous training of currently employed staff, and for new employees, as well. Due to high competition, they need to upgrade their skills, according to the job positions. A scope of training courses includes different programs with wide range of issues that meet industry standards, and can lead to employee’ professional development and improved service quality delivering. Originality – this is the first study of its kind related to the issue of staff training in hospitality sector in Republic of Macedonia. |
| Keywords: | staff training, hospitality sector, service quality, training programs |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section7-3&r=tur |