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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Marcos Alvarez-Díaz; Manuel González-Gómez; Mª Soledad Otero-Giraldez |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to estimate international tourism demand to Spain separately by major source markets (Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy and The Netherlands) that represent 67% of the international tourism to Spain. In order to investigate how the tourism demand reacts to price and income changes, we apply the bounds testing approach to cointegration and construct confidence intervals using the bootstrap technique. The results show differences in tourism behavior depending on the countries of origin and corroborate the necessity of analyzing the source markets separately instead of focus on the estimation of a unique tourism demand from a number of countries to Spain.The number of overnight stays is more sensitive to income level in the source markets than to changes in the price levels. Income is the critical determinant of demand. International tourism behaves as a luxury good for visitors from each country of origin. The negative sign of price also corroborates the economic theory. Tourists from Germany and the Netherlands are more sensitive to income changes than citizens from Italy and the United Kingdom. Citizens from the last country react inelastic to price changes and the result is in line with previous studies that have analysed the outbound tourism demand in the United Kingdom. |
| Keywords: | ARDL approach; Bootstrapping; Income demand elasticity; Price demand elasticity, Source markets |
| Date: | 2012–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vig:wpaper:1204&r=tur |
| By: | Maha, Andreea; Donici, Andreea Nicoleta; Postolachi, Andrei Teofil |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is related to the idea of providing the theoretical and empirical findings in the literature about the E-Tourism concept. The objective of the paper is resumed to the influence that new IT&C technologies developed during the last decade of the past century, starting the 1990`s influenced the tourism area, highlighting some of the references about the theme in literature. We have identified some specific concepts, like: Computer Reservation Systems, Global Distribution systems, Global Distribution systems, Property Management Systems or Social media that are in direct connection with the e-tourism, and which in current paper are defined and explained. The latest specific actions and development in last period show a rising and accelerating interaction between the tourism and technology, which as result, concluded to fundamental changes in this industry and on the entire global perception on the phenomenon. As it is shown below, there is a lot and consistent literature between the 1980`s to present time that is concentrated on the changes and the influences that new technologies deter in the tourism mechanism, on it`s both main sides: the supply and demand. In final part there is a brief presentation of the consumer of touristic products and services along with short statistics of the Romanian accommodations and internet usage. |
| Keywords: | E-tourism; ICT; Romania; Internet; Technology |
| JEL: | L8 |
| Date: | 2012–10–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:41745&r=tur |
| By: | Mogens Fosgerau (Technical University of Denmark - Technical University of Denmark); André De Palma (ENS Cachan - Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan - École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan); Anders Karlstrom (KTH Stockolm - Royal Institute of Technology - Royal Institute of Technology); Kenneth A. Small (University of California - Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This note summarizes the results from the project SURPRICE: Trip timing and scheduling preferences. The general emphasis of this project is the importance of trip timing as a cause of congestion. It is important to recognize that departure time is a choice of travellers and that congestion arises because many travellers choose to travel at the same time. The design and evaluation of pricing schemes should explicitly take changes in departure time patterns into account, in particular with time-varying charges. Failure to take trip timing into account will lead to failure in identifying important benefits and will lead to less efficient pricing schemes. |
| Keywords: | trip timing; congestion; road pricing; charging; departure time choice; scheduling preferences |
| Date: | 2012–06–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-00742267&r=tur |
| By: | Romao, J.; Neuts, B.; Nijkamp, P.; Leeuwen, E.S. van |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:vuarem:2012-2&r=tur |
| By: | Xavier Fageda (Faculty of Economics, University of Barcelona); Marta Gonzalez-Aregall (Faculty of Economics, University of Barcelona) |
| Abstract: | This article examines the determinants of traffic volumes and the revenues per tonne generated by Spain’s port authorities. The interest of the study lies on the strong differences between port authorities in a context of strict regulation but that provides some scope for price competition. We find that port charges influence the amount of traffic that a port is able to generate. Furthermore, we find clear evidence of local price competition and report mixed results for global competition. Revenues per tonne are higher in ports operating more international regular lines and with multinational terminal operators, while they are lower in ports with nearby competing facilities and where the market share of the dominant shipping firm is high. |
| Keywords: | ports, revenues, traffic, prices JEL classification: - |
| Date: | 2012–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:201217&r=tur |