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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Carlos P. Barros |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the role of sustainability in promoting tourism development in sub-Saharan Africa using data from a questionnaire undertaken in Inhambane province, Mozambique in 2010, a region that adopted a tourism strategy to promote growth. A mixed logit regression is adopted. Policy implications of the research findings are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Tourism, Sub-Sahara-Africa, Sustainability, mixed logistic |
| Date: | 2012–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cav:cavwpp:wp105&r=tur |
| By: | Carlos P. Barros; Vera Barros; Peter U. C. Dieke |
| Abstract: | The importance of tourism for economic and social development in the African continent – in the second half of the 20th century – is well documented in tourism research with a conclusion that only African countries that have adopted a tourism strategy are converging towards the US real product per capita. This paper analyses the role of tourism in promoting human development in sub-Saharan Africa using data from a questionnaire undertaken in Inhambane province, Mozambique in 2010, a region that adopted a tourism strategy. A logistic regression for randomized response data model is used, taking into account the answers bias in the data. Policy implications of the research findings are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Tourism, sub-Sahara-Africa, logistic regression for randomized response data |
| Date: | 2012–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cav:cavwpp:wp100&r=tur |
| By: | Brida, Juan Gabriel; Disegna, Marta; Scuderi, Raffaele |
| Abstract: | This study aims at estimating and comparing the determinants of expenditure behaviour of visitors in two types of museums. An ad-hoc survey was conducted between June and September 2011 among the visitors of the principal museums of the two provinces of Bolzano and Trento: the South Tyrol Museum of Archeology (Bolzano), hosting the permanent exhibition of the “Iceman” Ötzi, and the Museum of Modern and Contemporaneous Art of Trento and Rovereto (MART). The double-hurdle procedure of Heien and Wessels (1999) is used in order to obtain consistent estimates and split the process of spending decision into the stages of ‘activation’ and ‘outcome’. Results highlight two distinct profiles of visitors. Spending of the modern art museum visitor was positively related to her cultural interest, whereas the expenditure profile of the archaeological museum guest was more ‘generalist’. |
| Keywords: | Visitors expenditure; museum; double-hurdle model; spending behaviour |
| JEL: | D12 C19 L83 |
| Date: | 2012–05–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:38841&r=tur |
| By: | Mathieu Bunel (UFR de sciences économiques et de gestion, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, CREM-CNRS, UMR 6211) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the impact of government grants introduced in August 2004 in the French sector hotels and restaurants. This program is based on payroll tax reductions and covers the period 2004-2009. The amount of the payroll tax reductions varied according the subsector, the wage and firm tenure.To evaluate the effects on job creation and job destruction we used several quasi-exhaustive administrative sources containing the plants complete grant and employment history. By using a semi-aggregated balanced sample, to include entry and exit of firms, we compare the change in outcomes for the targeted firms to the changes in firms operating in the similar industries. These industries are retail trade (except retail sale of pharmaceutical, medical, electronic and computer goods, doorstep and mail sale, supermarkets) and personal services (except sporting, recreational and cultural activities). We consider a panel Tobit model with unobserved heterogeneity. Our findings suggest that the HCR subsidy program did lead to significant and small employment effect (7,500 jobs by year). However, the cost of the actual job creation was quite huge (€80,000 per job). We also find differences in the employment response to subsidies between subsectors. Therefore, a different targeting of the aid could have been more effective. In french: En août 2004 a été mis en place une aide à l'emploi spécifique aux entreprises du secteur Hôtel-Cafés-Restaurants (HCR). Ce dispositif relativement complexe couvrant la période 2004 à 2009 repose sur une exonération forfaitaire variable selon le secteur d'activité, le niveau des salaires et l'ancienneté des entreprises. Afin d'étudier l'impact spécifique de ce dispositif sur les taux de création et de destruction d'emplois, on mobilise les données administratives issues des fichiers Unedic et Acoss permettant de retracer l'ensemble des exonérations effectivement perçues par les entreprises de ces secteurs ainsi que les données issues des Dads pour mesurer l'évolution infra-annuelle de l'emploi. On compare à l'aide d'un panel sur données semi-agrégées, la situation des entreprises des sous-secteurs HCR éligibles aux aides à celle des entreprises témoins ayant une structure des salaires et d'activité comparable. Il s'agit d'entreprises issues des services à la personne hors aide à domicile, activités sportives et culturelles et du commerce de détail alimentaire ou non-alimentaire hors grandes surfaces, vente à domicile, activité médicale, électronique et informatique. Pour tenir compte de la censure des données et de l'influence des variables inobservables un modèle Tobit avec effet aléatoire. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que la hausse du Taux d'exonération apparent générée par les aides HCR a eu un impact significatif mais très limité en termes de création et de sauvegarde de l'emploi. L'effet estimé est de l'ordre de 7 500 emplois par an soit un coût par emploi créé très élevé, de plus de 80 000 €. Les résultats obtenus indiquent également que le ciblage de cette aide aurait pu être plus efficace en concentrant les aides sur les sous-secteurs les plus sensibles au coût du travail. |
| Keywords: | Hôtels-cafés-restaurants, exonérations de cotisations sociales, aide sectorielle à l'emploi, modèle Tobit avec effet aléatoire sur données de panel |
| JEL: | C23 J38 |
| Date: | 2012–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tut:cremwp:201223&r=tur |
| By: | Eduardo Moraes Sarmento |
| Abstract: | Este artigo pretende efectuar uma reflexão sobre o drama que assola muitas das sociedades actuais: a pobreza. Este é um fenómeno que urge erradicar rapidamente. O artigo tem duas partes principais. Numa primeira fase, analisam-se as suas causas e as diversas formas de manifestação. Numa segunda fase, pretende-se analisar mais detalhadamente de que forma o turismo poderá ser utilizado enquanto forma alternativa para reverter ou minimizar este calamidade. |
| Keywords: | pobreza, vulnerabilidade, turismo, sustentabilidade |
| Date: | 2011–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cav:cavwpp:wp96&r=tur |