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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Ghafele, Roya; Gibert, Benjamin |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the role of collective trademarks in enhancing the ability of tourism clusters to stimulate economic growth, local ownership and innovative governance. Illustrating how intellectual property (IP) law can be leveraged to achieve this, we offer a new economic rationale for trademarks in the context of tourism. Two post-conflict case studies of Sierra Leone and Croatia provide a crash test for this approach. By emphasizing the role of law, institutions and infrastructure in stimulating tourism in post-conflict zones, this paper echoes new institutional economics perspectives that highlight the impact of legal structure on development. Despite widespread acknowledgement of the cluster attributes of tourism, the role of tourism and clustering in regional development policy is seldom addressed. To our knowledge, the role of collective trademarks in strengthening tourism clusters has not been investigated. |
| Keywords: | collective trademarks; intellectual property; clusters; new institutional economics; tourism management; governance |
| JEL: | O34 O43 O31 |
| Date: | 2012–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:37859&r=tur |
| By: | Peter Gunther; Kathryn Parr; Marcello Graziano; Fred Carstensen |
| Abstract: | This CCEA project for the state's Department of Energy and Environmental Protectin (DEEP) details how outdoor activities on state lands have an economic impact of more than $1 billion a year, from expenditures by residents and visitors on a variety of outdoor activities including camping, boating, fishing and hunting. The study highlights that for every dollar the state spends on the state park system, it receives an estimated $38 in economic activity. This study was released to the public by DEEP in December 2011. |
| JEL: | Q2 Q5 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uct:cceast:2011-dec-01&r=tur |
| By: | Sara Santos Cruz (CEF.UP, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Porto); Aurora A.C. Teixeira (CEF.UP, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Porto; INESC Tec; OBEGEF) |
| Abstract: | The rising interest in the creative economy has encouraged several authors both in the political and academic spheres to focus on creative industries and cultural activities and assess their effects on regional and national development. The issue of measurement has, however, limited the analysis considerably. Despite progress at the theoretical and empirical levels, there is a generalized lack of clear definitions and estimations as to what represents cultural activities and creative industries. This paper critically reviews the growing corpus of literature on approaches to the measurement of creative industries. Moreover, it presents a detailed mapping of the creative sectors and estimates the relative weight of creative industries according to relevant industry-based methodologies, using a unique dataset (Quadros de Pessoal, Portugal), which includes over 3 million workers, and that permits an accurate comparative analysis of the different methodologies under study. The choice of approach when measuring creative industries is relevant in estimating the importance of such industries. Indeed, depending on the approach used, the importance of creative industries in Portugal differs, ranging from 2.5% (DCMS Model) to 4.6% (WIPO copyright model). In order to overcome the limitations of existing methodologies, we proposed a new industry-based approach focusing on core creative industries. According to the proposed methodology, core creative industries represent 3.5% of Portuguese employment, in which ‘Software publishing’ and ‘Computer/IT consultancy’ (1.0%), ‘Publishing’ (1.0%), and ‘Advertising and Marketing’ (0.4%) are the most relevant sub-segments. |
| Keywords: | Creative Industries; Industry-based Methodology; Measurement |
| JEL: | L80 R12 C80 C81 |
| Date: | 2012–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:por:fepwps:453&r=tur |
| By: | Coates, Dennis (Dept of Economics, UMBC); Humphreys, Brad (University of Alberta, Department of Economics); Zhou, Li (University of Alberta, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | We develop a consumer choice model of live attendance at a sporting event with reference-dependent preferences. The predictions of the model motivate the “uncertainty of outcome hypothesis” (UOH) as well as fan’s desire to see upsets and to simply see the home team win games, depending on the importance of the reference-dependent preferences and loss aversion. A critical review of previous empirical tests of the UOH reveals significant support for models with reference-dependent preferences, but less support for the UOH. New empirical evidence from Major League Baseball supports the loss aversion version of the model. |
| Keywords: | uncertainty of outcome hypothesis; attendance demand; prospect theory |
| JEL: | D12 L83 |
| Date: | 2012–04–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:albaec:2012_007&r=tur |