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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Celso Garrido |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the trends and challenges of competitiveness and innovation in the tourism and telecommunications industries of Latin America and the Caribbean from a strategic and global perspective. This analysis aims to identify the conditions and opportunities for these industries in this context, in particular for small- and medium-sized enterprises and the economic development of the region. This paper was presented at the Fifth Americas Competiveness Forum for the Inter-American Development Bank and Compete Caribbean Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 5-7, 2011. |
| Keywords: | Private Sector :: SME, Private Sector :: Public Private Partnerships, Science & Technology :: New Technologies, Science & Technology :: Telecommunications, Economics :: Economic Development & Growth, Infrastructure & Transport :: Tourist Facilities, telecommunications, Latin America and the Caribbean, competitiveness, tourism |
| Date: | 2011–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:61038&r=tur |
| By: | Myles, Al; Carter, Rachael |
| Abstract: | Evaluating the Economic Impact of Festivals and Special Events: Lessons From the 32st Annual Peter Anderson Arts and Crafts Festival in Ocean Springs, Mississippi Background: Festivals are an integral part of the economies of most communities in Mississippi. The economic benefits of festivals can be assigned a dollar value, but no amount of money will accurately reflect the personal and social benefits of these events. Festivals can increase tourism in the area. These events not only bring outside revenue to the community, but they allow even the smallest towns to celebrate and capitalize on the unique aspects of their area. As budgets tighten in small communities economic and community development entities are constantly working to improve their efficiency and evaluate their contributions. The Peter Anderson Arts and Crafts Festival is an established juried art festival held annually in Ocean Springs, Mississippi. MSU-ES was asked to measure the impact and evaluate the festival to help in maintaining community support for this event. MSU-ES met with MS Main Street and festival managers to determine how best to gather the needed data for the project. It was determined that attendance as well as spending profiles, and customer satisfaction and customer profiles would be needed to evaluate to determine and accurate snapshot of the event Objective The study had two purposes:1) to evaluate the general economic impact of the Peter Anderson Arts Festival in the local region; and 2) provide basic market information about the event by examining attendeesâ travel distances, attendance frequency, satisfaction with the event, and purchases in the area and at the festival. Specific objectives of the study included: 1) What is the demographic profile of the Festival-goers?, 2) What is the economic impact of the festival, which includes only the spending of non-local state visitors, out-of-state visitors, and vendors?, and 3) What is the âoverallâ economic impact of the festival; including all local and non-local visitors and vendors on the Ocean Springsâ economy? Methods A survey was developed to determine characteristics of the event attendees such as geographic origin, spending projections, hotel stays, number of days attending the event, as well as consumer preferences, satisfaction, and facility evaluation. The study used intercept surveys to collect information from festival goers, needing only required a few minutes for respondents to complete. Two students were hired to administer the survey to attendees with the help of volunteers. Data used in the paper were based on a sample of 207 visitors to the 2-day Peter Anderson Festival held in Ocean Springs, Mississippi. From this sample, the analysts estimated total attendance at the festival Results This analysis of the Peter Anderson Festival demonstrates the potential for a range of estimates when examining attendeesâ spending. For example, aggregating direct spending by all festival goers (in-state and out-of-state visitors) can overstate the impact of the special event. Thus, local attendees were included in the overall count of event attendance, but was not used in determine the economic impact of the festival. The results suggest that for each dollar of direct sales another 18 cents in secondary effects (mainly induced effects) occurred, yielding a total sales effect of $13.6 million. Although positive, these impacts did not create any full-time employments, only 102 part-time jobs. |
| Keywords: | Economic Impact, Tourism, Community Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development, |
| Date: | 2011–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea12:119050&r=tur |
| By: | Michael McAleer (Erasmus University Rotterdam,Tinbergen Institute,Kyoto University,Complutense University of Madrid); Chia-Lin Chang (Department of Applied Economics Department of Finance National Chung Hsing University) |
| Abstract: | The Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science citations database (hereafter ISI) category of Economics has one of the largest numbers of journals, at 304, of any ISI discipline, and hence has wide coverage. The paper analyses the leading international journals in the Economics sub-disciplines of Energy, Environmental and Resource Economics using quantifiable Research Assessment Measures (RAMs), and highlights the similarities and differences in alternative RAMs. The RAMs are based on alternative transformations of citations taken from the ISI database. Alternative RAMs may be calculated annually or updated daily to answer the perennial questions as to When, Where and How (frequently) published papers are cited (see Chang et al. (2011a, b, c)). The RAMs include the most widely used RAM, namely the classic 2-year impact factor including journal self citations (2YIF), 2-year impact factor excluding journal self citations (2YIF*), 5-year impact factor including journal self citations (5YIF), Immediacy (or zero-year impact factor (0YIF)), Eigenfactor, Article Influence, C3PO (Citation Performance Per Paper Online), h-index, PI-BETA (Papers Ignored - By Even The Authors), 2-year Self-citation Threshold Approval Ratings (2Y-STAR), Historical Self- citation Threshold Approval Ratings (H-STAR), Impact Factor Inflation (IFI), and Cited Article Influence (CAI). As data are not available for 5YIF, Article Influence and CAI for one of the 20 journals considered, 13 RAMs are analysed for 19 highly-cited journals in Energy, Environmental and Resource Economics in the ISI category of Economics. Harmonic mean rankings of the 13 RAMs for the 19 highly-cited journals are also presented. It is shown that emphasizing the 2-year impact factor of a journal, which partly answers the question as to When published papers are cited, to the exclusion of other informative RAMs, which answer Where and How (frequently) published papers are cited, can lead to a distorted evaluation of journal impact and influence relative to the Harmonic Mean rankings. |
| Keywords: | Research assessment measures, Impact factor, IFI, C3PO, PI-BETA, STAR, Eigenfactor, Article Influence, h-index. |
| JEL: | Q10 Q20 Q30 Q40 Q50 |
| Date: | 2012–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kyo:wpaper:808&r=tur |
| By: | Celso Garrido |
| Abstract: | En este trabajo se aborda, desde una perspectiva estratégica y global, el análisis de las tendencias y los desafíos de competitividad e innovación para los sectores de telecomunicaciones y turismo en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Este análisis tiene por objetivo identificar las condiciones y las posibilidades que ello presenta para estos sectores, en particular para las PYMES y el desarrollo económico de la región. El documento fue presentado en el V Foro de Competitividad de las Américas para el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo y el Compete Caribbean. |
| Keywords: | Sector privado :: Alianzas público-privadas, Economía :: Desarrollo y crecimiento económicos, Ciencia y tecnología :: Telecomunicaciones, Economía :: Productividad, Sector privado :: PYME, Infraestructura y transporte :: Instalaciones turísticas, competitividad, innovación, telecomunicaciones, turismo, América Latina y el Caribe |
| Date: | 2011–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:61218&r=tur |
| By: | Cristina Martinez-Fernandez; Pawel Chorazy; Tamara Weyman; Monika Gawron |
| Abstract: | The European Union Treaty of Lisbon brought a new dimension to cohesion – the territorial dimension, which has become one of the most frequently discussed aspects for achieving cohesion and, at the same time, one of the challenges for EU policies. The ‘territorial dimension’ determines many socio-economic problems and presents challenges for the European Social Fund (ESF), which has to enhance its flexibility and highlight the capacity and needs of specific territories at national, regional and local levels at the programming and implementation stages. While our understanding of the national and regional levels has advanced, the dynamics with the local level need further consideration, chiefly in the context of Europe 2020 strategy, and regarding the territorial dimension of the European Social Fund and mechanisms of territorialisation.<p> This paper discusses the conceptualisation of territoriality and the different levels of applicability in regional development approaches. The paper draws on OECD and other organisations research and analysis; particularly the work of the OECD Local Economic and Employment Development Programme (LEED). The paper argues that the local level is emerging as the key spatial dimension where EU development instruments apply and therefore a systemic local approach may be needed when designing national and regional cohesion policies and instruments. The paper is divided into 5 sections discussing: 1) The importance of an integrated spatial approach to development; 2) The success of the local approach to development: complexity, integration and the policy mix; 3) Integrating territorial mechanisms for job creation, employability and inclusive growth; 4) Fostering education policies for qualification and skills rich ecosystems; and 5) The way forward. |
| Date: | 2011–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:cfeaaa:2011/23-en&r=tur |
| By: | Jan K. Brueckner (University of California, Irvine); David Neumark (University of California, Irvine & National Bureau of Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | The absence of a competitive market and the presence and strength of public-sector labor unions make it likely that public-sector pay reflects an element of rent extraction by government workers. In this paper, we test a specific hypothesis that connects such rent extraction to the level of local amenities. Specifically, although migration of taxpayers limits the extent of rent-seeking, public-sector workers may be able to extract higher rents in regions where high amenities mute the migration response. We develop a theoretical model that predicts such a link between public-sector wage differentials and local amenities, and we test the model’s predictions by analyzing variation in these wage differentials and amenities across states. The evidence reveals that public-sector wage differentials are, in fact, larger in the presence of high amenities, with the effect being stronger for unionized public-sector workers, who are likely better able to exercise political power in extracting rents. |
| Keywords: | Public-sector pay, unions, amenities |
| JEL: | J3 J45 R12 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ieb:wpaper:2012/1/doc2011-42&r=tur |