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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Forte, Francesco; Magazzino, Cosimo; Mantovani, Michela |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the negative performance of Calabria’s Regional Program 2000-2006, for the enhancement of cultural goods to attract tourism, as an example of the waste of resources of EU ambitious planning for the economic convergence. The empirical analysis shows that the variables relating to cultural sites, education sites and sites with tourism or tourism potentialities had no significance or even negative influence. The significant variables were the number of non profits present in the municipalities and the criminal hubs. The presence of cultural sites is not statistically significant in the allocation of funds to the criminal hubs, After the program the number of visitors and revenues from museum and archeological sites of Calabria lower than before while on average in Italy has had a great increase. On the other hand tourism in Calabria experienced a differential increase , in spite of the waste of the funds of the European regional policy. |
| Keywords: | Cultural goods; tourism; public policies; public expenditure; Southern Italy. |
| JEL: | R10 H41 Z10 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:25527&r=tur |
| By: | Elina De Simone (-) |
| Abstract: | In cultural tourism two trade-offs are present: a traditional one describing preservation and valorisation effects and a second one about the different levels of quality that can be experienced during a visit. The latter emerged recently over a renewed popularity of the "lone traveller", the flâneur, who searches for the Aura (Benjamin, 1936) away from crowded museums where globalization of tastes may turn them in a sort of "fast food" places. The aim of this work is to describe possible types of visitors and their related economic effects (mostly the crowding out). The various dimensions to the value of heritage in contemporary societies (community values versus the rule of fashion, Musgrave, 1956) will also be discussed. The conclusions drawn here will suggest that the trade offs arising among different types of visitors, make more complex the management of cultural sites, as well as much more problematic the current debate on the relationship between democracy and opportunities for cultural experiences. |
| Keywords: | cultural tourism, cultural consumption, merit good. |
| JEL: | Z1 D1 H4 L83 |
| Date: | 2010–09–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prt:dpaper:7_2010&r=tur |
| By: | Francisco Mas Ruiz (Universidad de Alicante); Juan Luis Nicolau Gonzálbez (Universidad de Alicante) |
| Abstract: | Traditionally, literature estimates the equity of a brand or its extension but it pays little attention to collective brand equity even though collective branding is increasingly used to differentiate the homogenous products of different firms or organizations. We propose an approach that estimates the incremental effect of individual brands (or the contribution of individual brands) on collective brand equity through the various stages of a consumer hierarchical buying choice process in which decisions are nested: “whether to buy”, “what collective brand to buy” and “what individual brand to buy”. This proposal follows the approach of the Random Utility Theory, and it is theoretically argued through the Associative Networks Theory and the cybernetic model of decision making. The empirical analysis carried out in the area of collective brands in Spanish tourism finds a three-stage hierarchical sequence, and estimates the contribution of individual brands to the equity of the collective brands of “Sun, Sea and Sand” and of “World Heritage Cities”. La literatura ha puesto énfasis en el análisis del valor de una marca o sus extensiones, pero se ha centrado menos en el valor de la marca colectiva, aunque su uso empresarial sea cada vez mayor con el fin de diferenciar los productos homogéneos de diferentes organizaciones. Proponemos un enfoque que estima el efecto incremental de las marcas individuales (es decir, la contribución individual de cada marca) en el valor de la marca colectiva a través de un proceso de compra jerárquica en varias etapas en el que las decisiones están anidadas: “si comprar o no”, “qué marca colectiva comprar” y “qué marca individual comprar”. Esta propuesta sigue el enfoque de la Teoría de la Utilidad Aleatoria, y se argumenta a través de la Teoría de Redes Asociativas y el Modelo Cibernético de Decisión. La aplicación empírica desarrollada en el área de las marcas turísticas colectivas detecta una secuencia en tres etapas, y estima la contribución de las marcas individuales en el valor de las marcas colectivas “Sol y playa” y “Ciudades Patrimonio de la Humanidad”. |
| Keywords: | valor de marca colectiva, proceso de elección multi-etápico, Modelo Logit con coeficientes aleatorios collective brand equity, consumer multi-stage choice process, random parameter Logit Model |
| JEL: | D11 M31 |
| Date: | 2010–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ivi:wpasec:2010-07&r=tur |