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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Cejvanovic, Ferhat; Duric, Aleksandar; Vujic, Tatjana |
| Abstract: | This paper considers the essence, significance and necessity of application of the marketing approach, i.e. planning, organizing and control of marketing activities in tourist and rural tourist policy, intending to add to competitiveness of the tourism offer in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper elaborates theoretic and substantial aspects of marketing element in tourism and rural tourism, with a special view on importance and contribution of marketing approach in competitiveness of tourism and rural tourism offer in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The marketing approach in tourism and rural tourism, presented in this work, may serve as a basis for creating policy and developing marketing approach in B&H tourism and rural tourism. |
| Keywords: | marketing, tourism, rural tourism, conceptual model of tourism development, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ea113a:57505&r=tur |
| By: | Chang, C-L.; McAleer, M.J. (Erasmus Econometric Institute) |
| Abstract: | Tourism is a major source of service receipts for many countries, including Taiwan. The two leading tourism countries for Taiwan, comprising a high proportion of world tourist arrivals to Taiwan, are Japan and USA, which are sources of short and long haul tourism, respectively. As it is well known that a strong domestic currency can have adverse effects on international tourist arrivals, daily data from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2008 are used to model the world price and US$ / New Taiwan $ and Yen/ New Taiwan $ exchange rates, and tourist arrivals from the world, USA and Japan to Taiwan, as well as their associated volatility. The sample period includes the Asian economic and financial crises in 1997, and part of the global financial crisis of 2008-09. Inclusion of the exchange rate allows approximate daily price effects on world, US and Japanese tourist arrivals to Taiwan to be captured. The Heterogeneous Autoregressive (HAR) model does not reproduce the theoretical hyperbolic decay rates associated with fractionally integrated (or long memory) time series models, but it can nevertheless approximate quite accurately and parsimoniously the slowly decaying correlations associated with such models. The HAR model is used to approximate long memory properties in daily exchange rates and international tourist arrivals, to test whether alternative short and long run estimates of conditional volatility are sensitive to the approximate long memory in the conditional mean, to examine asymmetry and leverage in volatility, and to examine the effects of temporal and spatial aggregation. The empirical results show that the conditional volatility estimates are not sensitive to the approximate long memory nature of the conditional mean specifications. The QMLE for the GARCH(1,1), GJR(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1) models for world, US and Japanese tourist arrivals to Taiwan, and the world price and US$ / New Taiwan $ and Yen/ New Taiwan $ exchange rates, are statistically adequate and have sensible interpretations. Asymmetry (though not leverage) is found for several alternative HAR models for the world, US and Japanese tourist arrivals to Taiwan. For policy purposes, these empirical results suggest that an arbitrary choice of data frequency or spatial aggregation will not lead to robust findings as they are generally not independent of the level of aggregation used. |
| Keywords: | international tourist arrivals;exchange rates;global financial crisis;GARCH;GJR;EGARCH;HAR;approximate long memory;temporal aggregation;spatial aggregation;daily effects;weekly effects;asymmetry, leverage;G32 |
| Date: | 2010–03–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:eureir:1765018331&r=tur |
| By: | Ohe, Yasuo; Kurihara, Shinichi; Shimoura, Shinpei |
| Abstract: | As rural tourism evolves into diversification, the connection between the individual and local resource management is becoming an important issue for the sustainable evolution of rural tourism. To explore this point, we investigated conceptually and empirically whether rural tourism operatorsâ individual satisfaction enhances utilization of local resources and, if so, what mechanism works for it by focusing on rural tourism accompanied by an educational program, i.e. a farm-stay with farm and rural experience services implemented as a part of school trips in Matsuura, Japan. From statistical tests and an econometric estimation based on a questionnaire survey of rural tourism operators we found that operatorsâ individual satisfaction gained from interchange with visitors and direct feedback can positively enhance locally exerted effects that stimulate operators to recognize opportunities within their community and raise the potential for local resource use. Thus, we should strengthen this connection to eventually create a new viable activity. |
| Keywords: | rural tourism, operatorsâ individual satisfaction, utilization of local resources, feedback effect from visitors, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ea113a:57340&r=tur |
| By: | Giuseppe Tattara (Department of Economics, University Of Venice Cà Foscari) |
| Abstract: | Medical tourism is a term to describe the rapidly-growing practice of traveling across international borders to obtain health care. Services typically sought by travelers include elective procedures as well as complex specialized surgeries. Over 50 countries have identified medical tourism as a national industry. This article deals with the situation of India that is promoting the "high-tech healing" of its private healthcare sector as a tourist attraction. The government hopes to encourage a building trade in medical tourism, selling foreigners the idea of travelling to India for low-cost but world-class medical treatment and India is becoming a "global health destination". This policy however does not develops into better services for the local population as corporale hospitals are clustered in urban settings, their prices are out of reach to the locals and the quota of beds reserved free of charge to the domestic population is often disregarded. |
| Keywords: | Medical tourism, Corporale hospitals, Life expectacy, Economic development, Inequality |
| JEL: | I12 I18 I38 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ven:wpaper:2010_02&r=tur |
| By: | Fernandez, Ana; Richardson, Robert B.; Tschirley, David; Tembo, Gelson |
| Abstract: | FOOD SECURITY RESEARCH PROJECT, LUSAKA, ZAMBIA |
| Keywords: | zambia, food security, tourism, conservation, household income, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, Land Economics/Use, q18, q26, q27, q56, |
| Date: | 2009–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcwp:55053&r=tur |
| By: | Fernandez, Ana; Richardson, Robert B.; Tschirley, David; Tembo, Gelson |
| Abstract: | KEY POLICY POINTS ⢠Tourism is increasingly important in Zambia as a vehicle for economic growth, and has been identified as a key sector for poverty reduction due to its potential to generate off-farm income and employment in rural areas. Growth in arrivals and receipts in Zambia has outpaced average growth rates for developing countries. ⢠Tourism in Zambia relies mostly on the stock of natural resources, including the protected area system which includes national parks and game management areas (GMAs). Co-management agreements between Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) and rural communities present opportunities and threats for households living in GMAs. ⢠Households living in GMAs have lower average income than households in other rural areas. Yet we find that, for prime GMAs (those well stocked with wildlife), the GMA designation leads to higher incomes than households would otherwise be expected to achieve, based on their own characteristics and those of the areas in which they reside. ⢠We further find that the benefits of living in a prime GMA accrue mostly to the wealthier segments of the population. ⢠Though overall effects on households are positive, losses from crop damage by wildlife are a threat to this success: we find that such losses are statistically significant, large enough to be meaningful to households, and greatest in prime GMAs |
| Keywords: | wildlife conservation, rural households, zambia, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, q57, |
| Date: | 2009–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcpb:53453&r=tur |
| By: | Stojanovic, Zaklina; Manic, Emilija |
| Abstract: | The concept of Sustainable Agricultural and Rural Development (SARD) is based on resources effective usage that brings strengthen social cohesion of rural regions. Sustainable agro systems take care of natural resources conservation, as well as of economic and social aspects of rural economy. In order to advance complementary activities, agricultural sector has been often seen as the base for local economical diversification of capacities. The connections between agriculture, nature and tourism are especially important. The EU countries insist on this kind of connections which is the integral part of financial support of common funds, while the candidate countries are using the IPA assistance for rural development programs. Program of cross - border cooperation has been placed within this context, too. The article, also, gives several examples of cross-border cooperation project that might include Serbia with some of the neighboring countries in the area of tourism and rural development. The most important elements of cooperation with comments and issues from the authorâs perspective of view are given in this paper. |
| Keywords: | Multifunctional, Extensive agriculture, SARD, Cross-border cooperation, Rural tourism, Ecotourism, Serbia, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ea113a:57485&r=tur |
| By: | Privitera, Donatella |
| Abstract: | Many farmers, in addition to normal farming activities, have already turned to agritourism as a source of additional farm income and opportunities. There are numerous benefits to be gained from the development of agritourism: it may strengthen local economy, create job opportunities and develop and promote training and certification programs to introduce young people to agriculture and the environment. Agritourism helps preserve rural lifestyles and landscape and offers the opportunity to provide "sustainable" tourism. Organic agriculture is due to demand for healthy foods with a high quality standard and limited use of chemical substances. Organic agriculture is closely connected to agritourism and tourism. The purpose of this paper is to identify and examine those factors that have helped rural communities to successfully develop agritourism, in particular organic-agritourism, and to discuss its entrepreneurship opportunities. Several focus groups were conducted with local business people and leaders regarding an applicative case of Southern Italy. |
| Keywords: | agritourism, organic agriculture, competitiveness, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ea113a:57347&r=tur |
| By: | Subic, Jonel; Vasiljevic, Zorica; Ivanovic, Sanjin |
| Abstract: | Having in mind that rural areas occupy the greatest part of Serbian territory, where agricultural production represents the basic source of income, development of this sector is of great importance not only for local community, but also for entire Serbian rural area. At the end of previous decade in developed European countries it was promoted a model of rural development which assumes multifunctional nature of European agriculture, as well as its development role in economy and entire society. In the first decade of this millennium Serbia has made decision to develop the same concept. By possession of adequate training for utilization of scientific and research methods in identification of local community advantages and disadvantages, as well as for priorities' determination and strategic plans' creation, representatives of local communities will be able to contribute to better and faster development, as well as to a higher quality life in their own rural areas. Education program designed for agricultural producers aims to improve knowledge of registered farm holders (and their family members) in field of business and management. Specific objectives of the training are to increase sales of goods and services in domestic and foreign market, to increase competitiveness in a particular market, to achieve higher profits, to create new jobs and improve living conditions in rural areas. In this paper there are shown the results of the mini-projects that have been implemented by The Institute of Agricultural Economics - Belgrade in the 2006- 2008 period. Those were special educational projects in agriculture and rural development, whereas extension activities were concentrated onto three topics: farm management, support of rural development and improvement of small farms. Implementation of the first and the third project took place on the territory of the South Banat County, while implementation of the second project was conducted on the territory of the Belgrade city communes. By detailed analysis of needs to solve current problems of sustainable agriculture and rural development, there were identified priorities related to investments, strategic planning and tourism. Given the complexity of the programs implementation, educational activities were aimed at a number of holders or members of their registered farms. The dynamics of implementation of projects included introduction and discussion with a number of farmers, and afterwards formation of small group of educational programs users, preparation and making of materials in written and electronic form, a series of theoretical lectures and in the end determination of the result of joint work. 3 Evaluation of projects was related to the determination of the level to which were achieved set objectives, defining the implementation of projects in accordance with the plan, as well as the impact of educational activities to promotion of knowledge concerning business and management. Evaluation of projects is done from 1 to 5, as the highest grade. |
| Keywords: | Education, Investments, Rural development, Tourism, Local community, Agribusiness, Labor and Human Capital, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ea113a:57404&r=tur |
| By: | Matei, Mirela; Stancu, Adrian; Vukovic, Predrag |
| Abstract: | Global climate changes are taking place and its impacts on economy are already occurring in fields like tourism, agriculture, forestry, infrastructure, insurance industry or capital market. Specialists draw attention that climate change has negative effects and positive effects. For example, in some parts of Europe, especially in north, the agricultural may benefit from temperature rise increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. The most important part of these changes is due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activity. Between greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the largest contributor with a weight around of 80 % of total GHG emissions. The agriculture is the most affected sector by the climate change, but agricultural activities have many implications on environment through emissions of methane and nitrous oxide that result from changes in land use and agricultural production or through the production of bio fuels. |
| Keywords: | climate change, agriculture, greenhouse gas, Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ea113a:57350&r=tur |
| By: | Robalino, Juan; Villalobos-Fiatt, Laura |
| Abstract: | Despite the global environmental benefits of increasing the amount of protected areas, how these conservation policies affect the well-being of nearby individuals is still under debate. Using household surveys with highly disaggregated geographic references, we explored how national parks affect local wages in Costa Rica and how these effects vary within different areas of a park and among different social groups. We found that a park’s effects on wages vary according to economic activity and proximity to the entrance of the park. Wages close to parks are higher only for people living near tourist entrances. Workers close to entrances are not only employed in higher-paid activities (nonagricultural activities) but also receive higher wages for these activities. Agricultural workers, however, are never better off close to parks (neither close to or far from the entrances). Also, workers close to parks but far away from tourist entrances earn similar or lower wages than comparable workers far away from parks. Our results are robust to different econometric approaches (OLS and matching techniques). The location of national park entrances and the possibility that agricultural workers can switch to higher-paid service activities near tourist entrances may be important tools for helping local workers take advantage of the economic benefits of protected areas. |
| Keywords: | wages, national parks, matching, labor markets, conservation policies, parks, poverty |
| JEL: | Q56 Q58 Q24 C21 J31 |
| Date: | 2010–02–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-10-02-efd&r=tur |
| By: | Barbara Despiney (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne); Waldemar Karpa (Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées ParisTech) |
| Abstract: | In 2007 Poland and Ukraine were awarded by UEFA to co-host the 2012 European Football Championships. This first "mega-event" to take place in the transition countries is commonly intended to yield large and lasting economic bebefits to the host cities. This point of view is rarely shared by economists, who are aware of misuse of economic impact estimates. In this paper, we modify the Keynesian-style multiplier model to investigate the effects of Euro 2012-related spending on local economies. Our goal is two-fold : on the one hand, we can easily investigate the impact on each demand component, on the other hand, we wish to calculate the magnitudes of these multipliers in order to judge the credibility of potential regional welfare benefits. This analysis is strenghtened by taking into account the regional supply constraints. Our study also reviews the existent body of work on mega-sporting events and our results are in line with those researches who argue that the true economic impact of these competitions is overestimated by a large margin. Finally, we stress the organizational and institutional dimension of hosting a "mega-event" by the transition and developing countries that are constantly struggled to tackle the colossal tasks of upgrading stadiums and modernizing airports, rail and road networks and hotels. |
| Keywords: | Economic impact, sports, sport economics, mega-events. |
| JEL: | L83 R13 |
| Date: | 2010–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:10006&r=tur |
| By: | Messely, Lies; Dessein, Joost; Lauwers, Ludwig |
| Abstract: | Within the globalizing world, regions and their identities are subjected to great pressure. At present, places are engaged in a process of âterritorial competitionâ in an integrated world economy. The identity of the region can be used as a starting point to brand a region and differentiate it from others. In the regional branding process, the region as a whole becomes a product or brand and offers a âbasketâ of regional products and services. This paper discusses the possibility of regional identity as a mobilizing force for rural development, by studying best practice examples of regional branding. Using the grounded theory approach, we conducted interviews in three case regions: West Cork (Ireland), Groene Woud (the Netherlands) and Pajottenland (Belgium). The study of these cases led to the formulation of critical success factors on the organization of regional branding. |
| Keywords: | Identity, Region formation, Regional branding, Rural development, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Development, |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ea113a:57406&r=tur |
| By: | Doitchinova, Julia; Kanchev, Ivan; Miteva, Albena |
| Abstract: | The purpose of the paper is to analyze and to assess the status of the multifunctional agriculture in Bulgaria and on the basis of the attitudes of the agricultural producers to develop such activity to suggest trends for strengthening their adaptation to CAP conditions. The paper presents the main results from a scientific research of a team from the University of National and World Economy, Department âEconomy of Natural Resourcesâ, Agribusiness Section - Sofia, Bulgaria (2006-2007). |
| Keywords: | multifunctional agriculture, multifunctional agricultural holding, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ea113a:57509&r=tur |
| By: | Tembo, Gelson; Bandyopadhyay, Sushenjit; Pavy, Jean-Michel |
| Abstract: | Key Policy Points - Game Management Areas (GMAs) in Zambia aim to combine nature conservation with economic empowerment of rural households and communities. - We find evidence of consumption gains from living in GMAs and from participating in natural resource management through Community-Resource Boards (CRBs) and Village Action Groups (VAGs). - However, these benefits are unevenly distributed. Only GMAs with limited alternative livelihoods (Bangweulu and South Luangwa) exhibit significant consumption benefits. Also, the benefits accrue mainly to the relatively well off while the poor do not gain even if they participate. - Resources from ZAWA to CRBs seldom reach the VAGs. Richer, more educated community members participate at CRB or higher level while poorer households participate at VAG level. There is need to address impediments to effective participation by the majority of the community members. - Infrastructure development, which is more evident in Kafue and Lower Zambezi park systems, does not necessarily translate into household level consumption gains in the short run. Moreover, the observed infrastructure development in these areas cannot be attributed to the GMA institution. |
| Keywords: | zambia, food security, policy, natural resources, conservation, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, q18, q56, |
| Date: | 2009–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcpb:55055&r=tur |
| By: | Ljubenovic Ralevic, Ivana; Djuric, Dejan; Djuric, Dragana |
| Abstract: | The last decade of the twentieth century was very successful for a number of ex socialist countries of Central Europe. That was the decade of prosperity, progress, and getting closer to the modern and developed European countries. This region (Slovenia, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia) comprises group of countries in transition, which are in the front line in the process oh transformation of their economic systems, implementation of economic reforms and attracting private foreign investments, first of all, foreign direct investment. In contrast to these countries, in the area of former Yugoslavia, the early 1990s were the years of complete disintegration, marked by economic sanctions, huge human causalities, and vast destructions. The dramatic political situation Serbia was in, caused heavy consequences on its social-economic development. The result is that Serbia today is one of the least developed countries in Europe. Position of Serbian economy drastically aggravated in the area of international capital flow. In this paper we analyze one form of international capital flow that can start up the Serbian economy â foreign direct investment. In the period to come, the development of our country will mostly depend on the value of foreign investments. Without direct foreign investments and conditions of low domestic savings, limited opportunities for crediting, lack of management knowledge, modern technology and export routes, there is not going to be any economic development in Serbia. In that sense, the most prominent is the need to affirm our competitory advantages and to remove the existing limitations for foreign investments so that conditions for foreign investors to realize in the fastest way their ideas for investments are created. |
| Keywords: | Capital flow, Foreign direct investment, Serbian economy, Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Public Economics, |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ea113a:57489&r=tur |
| By: | Madureira, Livia; Costa, Susete |
| Abstract: | The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential of MFA model to enhance innovation in rural areas build on the analysis of information from a database of best practices on innovation in EU rural areas collected by the RAPIDO project1. The analysis shows innovation to be strongly related to multiple-activity. This suggests the synergies between functions and land-uses to overlap the competition for resources between activities and that MFA shows a promising approach to enhance innovation in rural areas. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Multifunctionality, Rural areas, Sustainability, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ea113a:57644&r=tur |
| By: | Voicilas, Dan Marius; Cvijanovic, Gorica; Mijajlovic, Nada |
| Abstract: | The present paper intends to present âa short historyâ of a young research network established a few years ago. The network has already a European cover and impact. Its activity was very intense and the results over expectations. Moreover, the cohesion among members makes possible the development of the activity for the future. By this article we want to give an example of a âgood practiceâ in this field. Could be an example for other networks, institutes, research centres and researcher of how an idea can become reality. |
| Keywords: | Europe, Networks, Rural Development, Experience, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ea113a:57402&r=tur |