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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | R. Andergassen; G. Candela |
| Date: | 2009–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bol:bodewp:676&r=tur |
| By: | Paulo A.L.D. Nunes (Center for Environmental Economics and Management, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Helen Ding (Ca’ Foscari University of Venice and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Anil Markandya (University of Bath, UK BC3 Basque Centre for Climate Change) |
| Abstract: | In a democratic system, policy makers have to take the preferences of the citizens into account. Since we live in a world with scarce resources, one is asked to make choices regarding the use and management of these resources. In this context, if policy makers decide to invest in the protection of marine ecosystems, less financial resources will be available for other policy areas, for example national health. Moreover, the investment in the protection of marine ecosystems brings along with it the provision of a wide range of benefits to humans though most are not priced in the existing markets – for example climate regulation and provision of habitat for biodiversity. Given that most human activities are priced in one way or other, in some decision contexts, the temptation exists to downplay or ignore these important marine ecosystem benefits on the basis of the non-existence of prices. The simple and simplistic idea in the minds of many policymakers is that a lack of prices is equivalent to a lack of values. Clearly, this is a biased perspective. Against this background, this paper explores the motivation for an economic valuation of this complex resource. The state-of-the-art economic valuation methodologies follow the guidelines proposed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, taking into account the existing scientific knowledge on the functioning of marine ecosystems, marine ecosystem goods and services and its impacts on human welfare. Finally, we critically review some economic valuation studies, arguing that the economic valuation of marine ecosystem services and biodiversity can make sense if and only if important guidelines are observed. |
| Keywords: | Economic Valuation, Marine Ecosystem, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Approach, Europe |
| JEL: | Q50 Q57 |
| Date: | 2009–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2009.68&r=tur |
| By: | Anil Markandya (University of Bath and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); S. Arnold (University of Bath); M. Cassinelli (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); T. Taylor (University of Bath) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines existing measures taken to protect the coastal zones of the Mediterranean Sea and assesses their success. A summary of the main pressures facing these zones is given, followed by an analysis of the legislation covering coastal zone development in ten countries: Algeria, Croatia, Egypt, France, Israel, Italy, Malta, Spain, Tunisia and Turkey. We find that not all of these states have legislation specifically covering coastal zones, but there is concern in all areas that the legislation is not working, We also look at the costs and benefits of controlling coastal development. Firstly, a literature review of valuation studies identifies a range of values placed on developed and undeveloped coastline for both users and local property owners. These values were then used in a model to evaluate policy options to control development of a stretch of coastline. The model indicates that a stricter control regime of coastal development may provide significant benefits. |
| Keywords: | Coastal Zone Management, Legislation, Littoral, Mediterranean, Recreation |
| JEL: | Q5 |
| Date: | 2009–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2009.71&r=tur |