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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Habibi, Fateh; Abdul Rahim, Khalid; Chin, Lee |
| Abstract: | Tourism industry has been an important contributor to the Malaysia economy. In this paper we inspect variations in the long run demand for tourism from United Kingdom and United States to Malaysia. The demand for tourism has been explained by macroeconomic variables, including income in origin countries, tourism prices in Malaysia, and travel cost between the two countries. Annual data from 1972 to 2006 are used for the analysis. Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Johansen’s maximum likelihood tests are used to test for unit root and cointegration. An error correction model (ECM) are estimated to a explain United Kingdom and United States demand for tourism to Malaysia. The results show that the long run equilibrium exists among variables, and the United Kingdom and United States tourists seem to be highly sensitive to the price variable. |
| Keywords: | Tourism demand; cointegration analysis; Error Correction Model |
| JEL: | C22 L83 |
| Date: | 2008–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:13590&r=tur |
| By: | Christoph Vietze (Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Department of Economics, Chair for Economic Policy) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we discuss the determinants which contribute to outbound tourism expenditures. The aim is to show whether and how different socio-economic factors in countries of origin are responsible for the demand, to spent money for tourist activities in foreign countries. While we are able to find a strict robust positive impact of all economic factors like the per capita income and the openness to trade on the tourism expenditures per capita as well as on the tourism expenditure per GDP, most of the sociological factors show rather a weak significance. However, there seems to be somewhat like a corporate openness to tourism as countries which are able to attract high inbound tourism receipts per capita also having high outbound tourism expenditures per capita as well. A further important finding is that people in democratic countries with a high level of civil rights spend a higher share of income for traveling abroad. Our results give us an indirect and encouraging hint that it makes sense for developing countries to sustainable invest in the tourism sector as an increasing willingness to pay for outbound tourism goes hand in hand with an increasing per capita income in the world. |
| Keywords: | tourism, tourism expenditures, economic growth |
| JEL: | F14 F18 |
| Date: | 2009–02–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2009-014&r=tur |
| By: | Macagno, Giulia ((FEEM) Venice); Loureiro, Maria ((IDEGA) Spain); Nunes, Paulo A.L.D. ((FEEM) Venice); Tol, Richard S. J. (ESRI) |
| Abstract: | This analysis provides an example of how biodiversity can be measured by means of different indicators, and how the latter can be used to assess the influence of the biodiversity profile of a region on the tourism flows towards it. Previous studies have considered environmental amenities as one of the determinants of tourism destination choice. The central hypothesis of this paper is that the destination’s biodiversity profile can be considered as a key component of environmental amenities. The main objective of this study is to propose a different perspective on this topic, considering the role of biodiversity on tourists’ choice of destination and duration of stay. Domestic Irish tourist flows have been chosen as a case study. The first step of the analysis required the construction of biodiversity indicators suitable for developing a biodiversity profile of each Irish county. Subsequently, a model was developed so as to explain the total number of nights spent in any location as a function of a set of explanatory variables including information about the sociodemographic characteristics of respondents, biodiversity and the landscape profile of the county of destination and features of the trip. Results show that most of the biodiversity and landscape indicators included in the analysis turn out to be statistically significant in determining tourists’ choices regarding the duration of their trip. As a result, policies pursuing biodiversity conservation appear to have a positive impact on the revenue of regional tourism. |
| Keywords: | species diversity, habitat fragmentation, landscape diversity, trip demand, indicators,ecosystem services, human well-being |
| JEL: | Q57 |
| Date: | 2009–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp281&r=tur |
| By: | Dileep V Mavalankar |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to predict the order of magnitude of possible reduction in tourism revenues if a major epidemic of chikungunya or dengue were to discourage visits by international tourists, and to prove that even a conservative estimate can be comparable to or even greater than the cost of illness and intervention programmes combined, and therefore should not be ignored in the estimation of the overall burden. [IIMA WP No. 2009-02-03]. |
| Keywords: | chikumgunya, dengue, disease burden Gujarat, Malaysia, Thailand, revenues, epidemic, tourism, public funded, direct, indirect, costs, revenues, tourists, illness, india, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1865&r=tur |
| By: | Brander, Luke M. ((Vrije Universiteit) Amsterdam); Rehdanz, Katrin ((Kiel Institute for the World Economy) Germany); Tol, Richard S J (ESRI); van Beukering, Pieter J.H. ((Vrije Universiteit) Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | Because ocean acidification has only recently been recognised as a problem caused by climate change, impact studies are still rare and estimates of the economic impact are absent. This paper estimates the economic impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs which are generally considered to be economically as well as ecologically important ecosystems. First, we conduct an impact assessment in which atmospheric concentration of CO2 is linked to ocean acidity causing coral reef area loss. Next, a meta-analysis is applied to determine the economic value of coral reefs around the world. Finally, these two analyses are combined to estimate the economic impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs for the four IPCC marker scenarios. We find that the annual economic impact rapidly escalates over time, because the scenarios have rapid economic growth in the relevant countries and coral reefs are a luxury good. Nonetheless, the annual value in 2100 in still only a fraction of total income, one order of magnitude smaller than the previously estimated impact of climate change. Although the estimated impact is uncertain, the estimated confidence interval spans one order of magnitude only. Future research should seek to extend the estimates presented here to other impacts of ocean acidification and investigate the implications of our findings for climate policy. |
| Keywords: | Ocean acidification, coral reefs, economic value |
| JEL: | Q51 Q54 Q57 |
| Date: | 2009–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp282&r=tur |