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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Francesca Cracolici (University of Palermo, Italy); Piet Rietveld (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Peter Nijkamp (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | Recently the notion and the measurement of destination competitiveness have received increasing attention in the economics literature on tourism. The reason for this interest emerges from both the increasing economic importance of the tourist sector and the increasing competition on the tourist market as a consequence of the transition from mass tourism to a new age of tourism that calls for a tailor-made approach to the specific attitudes and needs of tourists. The central subject of this paper – inspired by the conceptual competitiveness model developed earlier by Crouch and Ritchie – concerns the efficiency of tourist site destinations. Using a dataset of 103 Italian regions for the year 2001, an economic efficiency analysis based on a production frontier approach has been made in the present study. The study deploys a measure of tourist site competitiveness in terms of its technical efficiency using parametric and non-parametric methods, a stochastic production function and data envelopment analysis, respectively. |
| Keywords: | competitiveness; Italian tourist industry; envelopment analysis |
| JEL: | L83 |
| Date: | 2006–10–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:uvatin:20060097&r=tur |
| By: | Maria Francesca Cracolici (University of Palermo, Italy); Peter Nijkamp (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to provide a statistical analysis of the relative economic performance of Italian tourist areas. It uses two modelling approaches to estimate the competitiveness of these regions, viz. data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist method. Our results show that the competitiveness position of several Italian regions has not improved over the years under consideration. |
| Keywords: | competitiveness; Italian tourist industry; envelopment analysis |
| JEL: | L83 |
| Date: | 2006–10–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:uvatin:20060096&r=tur |
| By: | Elisabetta Strazzera (DRES and Crenos, University of Cagliari, Italy); Margarita Genius (Department of Economics, University of Crete, Greece); Riccardo Scarpa (Department of Environment, University of York, U.K.); George Hutchinson (Department of Agricultural and Food Economics, Queens University, U.K.) |
| Abstract: | Contingent Valuation studies are often characterized by a considerable amount of protest responses, which may have an important effect on the final estimates if the protest responses are not randomly distributed across the sample. If the standard procedure of censoring protest responses is adopted, the estimates may be biased. Sample selection models can detect and –if necessary- correct selectivity bias. We apply a sample selection model to data on valuation of forest resources for recreational use, where WTP responses are obtained through a mixed dichotomous choice-open ended elicitation method. Dealing with continuous data for WTP allows us to apply the Heckman 2-steps method, and compare it to the full ML estimator. Either method has its own drawback: computational complexity for the ML method, susceptibility to collinearity problems for the 2-steps method. The latter is observed in our model. The results show that censoring protest responses in this study would lead to overestimates of the willingness to pay. |
| Keywords: | Contingent Valuation; Protest responses; Sample selection; MLE; Two-steps method. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crt:wpaper:0106&r=tur |
| By: | Bruce K. Johnson; John C. Whitehead; Daniel S. Mason; Gordon J. Walker |
| Abstract: | A Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) survey in Alberta, Canada allows estimation of the household willingness to pay (WTP) for enhancements in the province’s extensive sport and recreation programs. The estimated annual WTP of $18.33 per household for small enhancements in the programs far exceeds the estimated willingness to pay of households in the United States to avoid the loss of major league sports teams, as determined in previous CVM studies. Those opposed to gambling, which helps to fund the Alberta programs, are more likely to favor using income taxes to finance expansions. |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:06-14&r=tur |