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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Valentina Bosetti (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Mariaester Cassinelli (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Alessandro Lanza (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and CRENoS, Facoltà di Scienze Politiche) |
| Abstract: | Tourism destination benchmarking and the assessment of tourism management performances are a crucial and challenging task in the direction of evaluating tourism sustainability and reshaping tourism activities. However, assessing tourism management efficiency per se may not provide enough information concerning long-term performances, which is what sustainability is about. Natural resources management should therefore be included in the analysis to provide a more exhaustive picture of long-run sustainable efficiency and tourism performances. Indeed, while the environmental endowment of a site is a key feature in tourism destination comparison, what really matters is its effective management. Therefore, in this paper we assess and compare tourism destinations, not only in terms of tourism services supply, but also in terms of the performance of environmental management. The proposed efficiency assessment procedure is based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA is a methodology for evaluating the relative efficiency when facing multiple input and output. Although the methodology is extremely versatile, for the sake of exemplification, in this paper it is applied to the valuation of sustainable tourism management of the twenty Italian regions. |
| Keywords: | Data envelopment analysis, Sustainable tourism indicators |
| JEL: | L83 Q26 |
| Date: | 2006–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2006.12&r=tur |
| By: | Carl Bonham (Department of Economics, University of Hawaii at Manoa); Christopher Edmunds (Department of Economics, University of Hawaii at Manoa; Research Department, East-West Center, Honolulu, HI); James Mak (Department of Economics, University of Hawaii at Manoa) |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews recent trends in travel and tourism in the U.S. and Hawaii to ascertain how the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and subsequent terrible global events affected their tourism flows and the manner and pace of their recovery. We note that tourism in the U.S. has not fully recovered from 9/11 and other international shocks; indeed recovery of international travel to the U.S. may be a long way off. By contrast, Hawaii tourism is enjoying robust growth in the aftermath of 9/11 as growth in tourist arrivals from the U.S. mainland has more than offset declines in Japanese and other international visitors. We suggest that Hawaiis current tourism boom is in part explained by the diversion of U.S. travel from foreign travel. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of vector error correction models to generate dynamic visitor forecasts which we use to ascertain whether tourism in Hawaii has fully recovered from 9/11 and other terrible international events. The paper considers policy options for facilitating the recovery of international tourism to the U.S. |
| Keywords: | Tourism, Terrorism, Impact, Recovery |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hai:wpaper:200602&r=tur |
| By: | Francisco J. Mas (Universidad de Alicante); Juan Luis Nicolau (Universidad de Alicante) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to decompose the process of tourist choice into two stages: taking a holiday and tourism expenditures, using the Heckit model, which avoids the problems of the methodologies applied to date. We propose hypotheses on the effect on the above decisions of tourist characteristics relating to the destination, personal restrictions and socio-demographic and psychographic characteristics. The empirical application, which is carried out in Spain on a sample of 3,781 individuals, finds a two-stage tourist choice process as the expenditure decision is correlated with that of taking a holiday. In addition, these decisions are also explained by individual tourist characteristics. El objetivo de esta investigación consiste descomponer el proceso de elecciónturístico en dos etapas, salir de vacaciones y gasto turístico, utilizando la modelizaciónHeckit que evita los problemas de las metodologías aplicadas hasta la fecha. Para ello,se proponen hipótesis de investigación acerca del efecto en las decisiones anteriores delas características de los turistas relacionadas con el destino, las restriccionespersonales, las características socio-demográficas y psicográficas. La aplicaciónempírica, efectuada en España sobre una muestra de 3.781 individuos, evidencia unproceso de elección turística bietápico ya que la decisión de gasto está correlacionadacon la de salir de vacaciones. Además, estas decisiones vienen explicadas por lascaracterísticas individuales del turista. |
| Keywords: | Proceso de elección turística bietápica, salir de vacaciones, gastos en turismo, modelo Heckit. Two-stage tourist choice process, going on holiday, tourism expenditures, Heckit model. |
| Date: | 2004–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ivi:wpasec:2004-16&r=tur |
| By: | Fabio Cerina (CRENoS and University of Cagliari) |
| Abstract: | This study focuses on the dynamic evolution of a small open economy specialized in tourism based on natural resources when tourist services are supplied to foreign tourists who are crowding-averse and give positive value to the environmental quality. We analyse the steady-state properties and run several policy exercises in two versions of our model: in the first, private agents’ income is spent entirely on consumption while, in the second, agents are allowed to invest part of their income in pollution abatement technology (PAT) which artificially increases the rate of regeneration of the environmental asset. A unique locally saddle point equilibrium is found in both versions and for both the market and the centralized solution. Our main findings are that: 1) a corrective income tax raises steady state utility in both versions but is capable of leading the economy in its first-best dynamic path only when agents cannot invest in the PAT; 2) when the PAT is available to the government but not to agents, an income tax which finances abatement expenditures may increase steady state utility with respect to the market solution when the natural regeneration rate of the environment and the degree of crowding-aversion are both low enough; 3) when PAT is available, the market chooses to devote a higher fraction of income to abatement than the central planner but in both cases this fraction is positive only if the natural rate of regeneration is not too large; 4) when PAT is available an income pollution tax does not affect the dynamic path of the market economy. |
| Keywords: | Tourism specialization, Sustainability, Environmental quality, Crowding, Pollution abatement |
| JEL: | L83 O41 Q26 Q56 |
| Date: | 2006–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2006.11&r=tur |
| By: | Francisco J. Mas (Universidad de Alicante); Juan Luis Nicolau (Universidad de Alicante) |
| Abstract: | This paper assumes that the decision to go on holiday and the length of stay are non independent, thus the objective of this paper is to propose a two-stage tourist choice process: going on holiday and length of stay. To do this, we rely on the Random-Parameter Logit Model, which accounts for the unobserved heterogeneity of tourists and allows representation of different correlation patterns among non independent alternatives. We propose hypotheses on the effect on the above decisions of tourist characteristics relating to the destination, personal restrictions and socio-demographic and psychographic characteristics. The empirical application, which is carried out in Spain on a sample of 3,781 individuals, evidences the proposed two-stage tourist choice process. In addition, these decisions are also explained by individual tourist characteristics. |
| Keywords: | Tourism Marketing, Going on holiday, Length of stay, Random-Parameter Logit Model |
| Date: | 2004–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ivi:wpasad:2004-46&r=tur |
| By: | Claudio A. Piga (Dept of Economics, Loughborough University) |
| Abstract: | The paper studies the characteristics and the effects of a tax imposed by a local government on the land used to create new tourists' accommodations. First, a dynamic policy game between a monopolist in a tourist area and a local government is considered. In each period the former has to decide the size of land undergoing development whereas the latter has to choose the tax to levy on each newly developed area unit. Linear Perfect Markov strategies are derived for both the non-cooperative and the public monopoly case. In equilibrium a public monopoly would develop land more rapidly than a private monopoly. Furthermore, the more the monopolist discounts the future, the more the long run use of the natural resource is reduced. Second, the properties of the tax are studied considering an oligopolistic market structure. The tax alone does not lead to the socially optimal level of land use. However, its combined eect with another policy instrument such as a quota induces the optimal level of resource use. |
| Keywords: | Tourism, Taxation, Land Use, differential game, time consistency. |
| JEL: | H21 Q32 R52 L83 L50 |
| Date: | 2006–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lbo:lbowps:2006_2&r=tur |
| By: | Timothy C. Haab; Robert L. Hicks; John C. Whitehead |
| Abstract: | Marine Recreational Fishing Statistics Survey (MRFSS) economic add-on data has been collected since 1994. The data are comprised of two geographically identical datasets for the Southeast region (1997, 2000), five identical datasets for the Northeast region (1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000), and one dataset for the Pacific region (1998). Measures of the economic value of fishing sites and harvest have been derived from demand models estimated with data from the Northeast and the Southeast regions. In this paper we present a demand model estimated for the Pacific region (i.e., west coast). For consistency, the model is based on the 1994 and 1997 studies. Measures of the economic value of fishing sites and harvest are developed. We demonstrate how the model can be used for fisheries management decisions. |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:06-03&r=tur |