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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Ji, Yikuan |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the distributional and behavioral impacts of New York City’s congestion pricing policy, launched in January 2025 as the first cordon-based system in the United States. Using detailed trip-level data from the NYC Citywide Mobility Survey and a structure discrete choice model of travel mode choice, I estimate heterogeneous responses to price and service changes across demographic and geographic groups. Empirical results confirm strong disutility for both travel cost and time, with limited substitution between private vehicles and public transit. Counterfactual simulations show that the current toll design alone has minimal effect on reducing vehicle use. However, reinvesting toll revenue into transit—via fare reductions and service improvements—increases subway use, stabilizes bus share, and modestly shifts travelers away from cars. These effects are more pronounced for longer trips and for travel involving Manhattan’s core. In contrast, raising tolls without reinvestment delivers negligible additional impact. These results highlight the need to pair pricing with targeted transit investment to achieve both efficiency and equity goals. Future work will quantify welfare impacts across demographic and geographic subgroups to inform inclusive urban transportation policy. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360946 |
| By: | Gutierrez-Lythgoe, Antonio; Molina, Jose Alberto |
| Abstract: | The transport sector remains one of the main contributors to global GHG emissions, making the shift toward more sustainable mobility a key component of climate-mitigation strategies. While previous research has emphasized the role of infrastructure, technology, and behavioral change, less is known about how public attention toward sustainable transport evolves and diffuses across countries. This paper uses Google Trends data as a high-frequency indicator of public interest in sustainable mobility for 38 OECD countries from 2004 to 2025. To ensure comparability across time and space, we propose the construction of log-ratios between sustainable mobility and conventional car-related searches so that the measure is robust to changes in Google’s user base. We apply the Phillips and Sul convergence framework to test whether attention levels follow common long-run trajectories. Results show strong convergence in electric-vehicle attention, while hybrid- and public-transport interest remain fragmented. Validation analyses confirm that Google Trends indicators correlate with subsequent electric-vehicle adoption, underscoring their value as dynamic proxies for cultural and behavioral dimensions of sustainable mobility. |
| Keywords: | sustainable mobility, Google Trends, convergence behavior, digital behavior, transportation policy |
| JEL: | C53 Q56 R41 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126877 |
| By: | Katharina Ledebur. Ladislav Bartuska; Klaus Friesenbichler; Peter Klimek |
| Abstract: | The automotive industry is undergoing transformation, driven by the electrification of powertrains, the rise of software-defined vehicles, and the adoption of circular economy concepts. These trends blur the boundaries between the automotive sector and other industries. Unlike internal combustion engine (ICE) production, where mechanical capabilities dominated, competitiveness in electric vehicle (EV) production increasingly depends on expertise in electronics, batteries, and software. This study investigates whether and how firms' ability to leverage cross-industry diversification contributes to competitive advantage. We develop a country-level product space covering all industries and an industry-specific product space covering over 900 automotive components. This allows us to identify clusters of parts that are exported together, revealing shared manufacturing capabilities. Closeness centrality in the country-level product space, rather than simple proximity, is a strong predictor of where new comparative advantages are likely to emerge. We examine this relationship across industrial sectors to establish patterns of path dependency, diversification and capability formation, and then focus on the EV transition. New strengths in vehicles and aluminium products in the EU are expected to generate 5 and 4.6 times more EV-specific strengths, respectively, than other EV-relevant sectors over the next decade, compared to only 1.6 and 4.5 new strengths in already diversified China. Countries such as South Korea, China, the US and Canada show strong potential for diversification into EV-related products, while established producers in the EU are likely to come under pressure. These findings suggest that the success of the automotive transformation depends on regions' ability to mobilize existing industrial capabilities, particularly in sectors such as machinery and electronic equipment. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.13178 |
| By: | Carolin Hasse (Johannes-Gutenberg University, Germany); Stefan Irnich (Johannes-Gutenberg University, Germany) |
| Abstract: | The vehicle routing problem with load-dependent cost is an extension of the classical capacitated vehicle routing problem in which the cost of traveling along an arc is dependent on the load carried by the vehicle. For the benefit of generalization, this work considers the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup, time windows, and load-dependent cost (VRPSDPTW-LDC). We utilize both continuous and discontinuous monotonically non-decreasing load-dependent cost functions. These cost structures are justified by real-life applications: First and foremost, transportation cost rises in load due to increasing fuel cost. In addition, cost functions may also show discontinuities due to toll-by-weight schemes, weight restricted passage, and lift axles that may be raised when the vehicle is empty or lightly loaded, therefore decreasing tire wear. We employ a fully equipped branch-price-and-cut algorithm to solve the VRPSDPTW-LDC. A major complication in its development is the consistent handling of the load-dependent cost in the columngeneration subproblem when solved by bidirectional labeling algorithms. Indeed, in the VRPSDPTW-LDC, the precise load on board is not known when a partial path is constructed. We provide a unifying description of the associated resource extension function for forward and backward labeling. In several computational experiments, we analyze algorithmic components of the branch-price-and-cut algorithm, and give managerial insights on the impact of the cost structure on key metrics such as total cost, the number of routes, and the average load carried in an optimal solution. |
| Keywords: | routing, load-dependent cost, simultaneous delivery and pickup, branch-price-and-cut, dynamic-programming labeling algorithm |
| Date: | 2025–11–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jgu:wpaper:2509 |
| By: | Gilles Paché (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | At a time when ultra-fast delivery, especially same-day delivery, has become a benchmark for overconsumption, last-mile logistics exposes fundamental tensions between operational performance and environmental and social sustainability. The rapid expansion of fast fashion, fuelled by platforms such as Shein and Temu, demonstrates that speed and efficiency generate apparent gains while aggravating urban congestion, increasing carbon emissions, and intensifying pressure on delivery workers. Technological solutions, including drones, autonomous vehicles, automated hubs, and artificial intelligence, often create the illusion of sustainable progress, yet the rebound effect neutralizes individual benefits and encourages even more frequent and fragmented consumption. Conventional approaches that focus solely on optimizing flows fail to address the structural drivers of overconsumption. This position paper advocates systemic rethinking of last-mile logistics, emphasizing the integration of sobriety, social equity, and durability into operational strategies. Deconsumption practices: pooling orders, extending product lifespans, promoting second-hand goods, and accepting longer delivery times, function as concrete levers for reducing delivery density while ensuring access to essential goods. Under this perspective, the last mile becomes a political and social arena, where the very conditions for sustainable consumption and urban well-being are being actively redefined, highlighting the limits of purely technical solutions. |
| Keywords: | last-mile logistics, overconsumption, technology, ultra-fast delivery, fast fashion |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05439781 |
| By: | Shota Fujishima |
| Abstract: | This study investigates an adaptive pricing scheme aimed at achieving an efficient state in a traffic congestion game characterized by a diverse population of road users. While the planner possesses knowledge of players' preferences, their ability to observe only aggregate states limits the implementation of differentiated taxes. We propose a pricing approach that aligns taxes with the true values of externalities over time, ensuring global stability of the social optimum through replicator dynamics. Our findings suggest that the planner, despite being unable to accurately assess externalities at each moment, can still navigate the economy toward a long-term social optimum by adjusting the disaggregated state based on aggregate observations, while acknowledging the challenges posed by heterogeneous value of time (VOT) among drivers. We also find that a pricing mechanism that incorporates the current externalities for each period, which could be executed by a planner with full access to the disaggregated state, might fail to achieve the global stability of the social optimum under the same dynamics. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.17157 |
| By: | Gafarov, Bulat; Hasbany, James; Hilscher, Jens |
| Abstract: | We present new estimates of diesel fuel price pass-through into milk prices. We use Nielsen IQ scanner data from 2006 to 2023 to estimate average diesel pass-through to milk prices in California. We estimate monthly impulse response estimates using panel local projection, and controlling for core CPI inflation. This approach is unique as it delivers pass-through statistics down to the consumer level. We find that the pass-through is significantly different for organic milk (lower), conventional milk, and private label milk (higher). Transmission effects peak at 23% and 10% for private label and national brand conventional milk respectively. The effect of diesel price changes on organic milk are not statistically different from zero, suggesting a low share of transportation costs in the overall prices of high-markup milk varieties. The high pass through measurements show that the diesel price surge of 2022 significantly affected milk prices and thus contributed to the recent food inflation and cost of living crisis. |
| Keywords: | Industrial Organization, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360962 |
| By: | Gilles Paché (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | For several years, the growing vulnerabilities of European ports have become increasingly evident, revealing how exposed critical infrastructures are to simultaneous cyber, geopolitical, and organizational risks. The rapid digitization of port operations, coupled with the deep interconnection of global supply chains, has heightened the dependence of freight flows on complex IT systems, in which even minor failures can trigger major disruptions. As a result, ports are becoming high-value targets for actors seeking either to destabilize commercial activity or exploit structural weaknesses. This research note highlights the convergence of several issues: extreme process optimization that undermines system resilience, increasing reliance on heterogeneous technologies, and persistent difficulties in coordinating multiple public and private stakeholders. At the same time, the European Union (EU) faces strategic constraints due to the absence of a unified logistical vision and stark disparities in modernization between major gateways and secondary ports. In response, four priority areas of action emerge: integrating logistical policy into the broader EU industrial strategy, accelerating the digital transformation of port infrastructure, reinforcing cybersecurity and civil-military cooperation mechanisms, and harmonizing operational standards to enhance the overall resilience of the European port system. |
| Keywords: | digitalization, European ports, logistics, maritime governance, risk management, supply chain vulnerabilities, Cybersecurity |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05447905 |
| By: | Coen Hutters; Max B. Mendel |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we demonstrate how multiport network theory can be used as a powerful modeling tool in economics. The critical insight is using the port concept to pair the flow of goods (the electrical current) with the agent's incentive (the voltage) in an economic interaction. By building networks of agents interacting through ports, we create models with multiple levels of abstraction, from the macro level down to the micro level. We are thereby able to model complex macroeconomic systems whose dynamical behavior is emergent from the micro level. Using the LTSpice circuit simulator, we then design and analyze a series of example systems that range in complexity from the textbook Robinson Crusoe economy to a model of an entire economy. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.20600 |