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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Vesterberg, Mattias (Department of Economics, Umeå University) |
| Abstract: | This study estimates the causal impact of the recent years’ high electricity prices on electric vehicle (EV) adoption. Utilizing Swedish registry data and leveraging regional discontinuities in electricity prices, I demonstrate that higher electricity prices reduce EV demand, but also the demand for combustion-engine vehicles. Additionally, the response to electricity prices varies across different types of EVs and socio-economic groups. Based on these findings, I explore a counterfactual policy that reduces electricity prices for EV buyers, and show that under plausible assumptions, this policy is less cost-effective in boosting EV demand compared to subsidies for EV purchases or charging infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | Electrification; Transportation; Regression discontinuity |
| JEL: | D12 Q41 R41 |
| Date: | 2025–03–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:umnees:1032 |
| By: | Fan Xiao; Frédéric Dobruszkes; Huihui Mo; Jiaoe Wang |
| Abstract: | Studies have contributed to airport competition issues in metropolitan areas; however, most have focused on passengers’ airport choices. Proposing a more systematic framework as well as a measuring method, this study contributes to the understanding of competition and complementarity in multiple airport systems (MASs). In this context, our research revisits MASs from the perspective of air routes and flights. These two approaches were combined. First, a quantitative analysis was conducted to investigate the degree of route overlap between airports belonging to the same MAS, ranging from strong complementarity to strong competition. In the second step, a qualitative analysis focused on the regulatory and policy context in which five MASs (Seoul, Brussels, Shanghai, Miami, and Montreal) were developed. This helps determine how much airports cooperate or compete with each other. Empirical evidence from 37 two-airport MASs worldwide suggests that inter-airport matches occur on less than 20% of routes that offer more than 40% of seats. Qualitative analysis confirmed a range of contexts, from genuine cooperation to forced regulation to de facto complementarity and head-on competition. Our findings broaden the understanding of MAS competition and complementarity profiles worldwide and their reasons. |
| Keywords: | multi-airport region; competition; airline routes; air transport network; transport management |
| Date: | 2025–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/389175 |
| By: | Amparo Moyano; Frédéric Dobruszkes |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the destiny of high-speed rail (HSR) operations as rail liberalisation challenges the cross-subsidy single rail operators established between profitable and non-profitable routes when they monopolised the whole HSR network. When an incumbent HSR operator has to share the cake with newcomers, the resulting decline in revenues and profits may limit the effectiveness of the relevant cross-subsidies. We analyse such scenarios through the case of Spain, in which the state-owned incumbent rail company, Renfe, faces increasing competition in its more lucrative HSR corridors. Scenarios suggest that with only a 30% drop in ticket sales in the northeastern HSR corridor, the financial balance of Renfe’s HSR commercial operations becomes negative. This means that beyond the profits made by new entrants in one or two specific corridors, the outcomes for non-profitable corridors will be quite different: public authorities will have to cover losses and/or Renfe will have to increase ticket prices and/or the frequencies of HSR services will have to be cut. Travellers on the most profitable HSR routes will enjoy greater frequency of services and lower fares, while those on other HSR routes could experience less frequency and higher fares. In geographical terms, rail liberalisation applied to HSR operations may thus have very heterogeneous effects and reinforce spatial inequalities between regions. |
| Keywords: | High-speed rail; Rail market liberalisation; Cross-subsidising; Spatial inequalities |
| Date: | 2025–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/389172 |
| By: | César Ducruet; Dimitris Tsiotas; Bruno Marnot; Barbara Polo Martin; Hidekazu Itoh; Elyass Sayd |
| Abstract: | Port infrastructure and related freight flows that support international trade are not distributed evenly across the globe, but are instead heavily concentrated in a few hubs and gateways. Remoteness from such key nodes is a major barrier to overall development, while overconcentration leads to the congestion and vulnerability of transport and supply chains. Advancing the maritime accessibility of smaller ports in favor of a more balanced development has so far been unsuccessful. Due to its closeness with trade and socio-economic welfare making it highly strategic, maritime connectivity has attracted international efforts to accurately measure it through a wide array of studies in the past two decades . Here we develop a novel analysis of the global maritime network, over the last 140 years (1880-2020), based on untapped vessel movement data published by the insurer Lloyd’s List. Our results demonstrate that while the network has become more optimal to connect the global market, its topological and spatial structure became increasingly sparse and vulnerable to crises and shocks. We also show that contrary to what is commonly claimed, containerization prolonged rather than initiated the contemporary transformation of the maritime network. |
| Keywords: | complex networks; connectivity; international trade; maritime transport; ports |
| JEL: | N90 O18 F14 L90 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2025-14 |
| By: | Erich Muehlegger; Reid Taylor |
| Abstract: | We estimate the effect of competition on incumbent firm pricing by using high frequency price data and the precise geographic location for all gas stations in California. Using an event study design, we find that the entry of a new station is associated with a 2.5 cent decrease in prices at incumbent stores, which equates to a 7 percent reduction in estimated retail markups. The effects are immediate, persistent and show no sign of deterrence or limit pricing behavior. In contrast, nearby exit results in precisely estimated null effects on prices with no evidence of predatory pricing in the lead up to the station departure. We show that these results are consistent across all fuel blends, dissipate with distance and are driven by less concentrated markets. Finally, we explore the asymmetric effects, showing that the difference cannot be attributed to difference in branding, proximity to highway or data quality idiosyncrasies, although we find suggestive evidence that exit tends to happen in more competitive markets and amongst less heavily trafficked stations. |
| Keywords: | competition; entry; exit; retail gasoline; market structure |
| JEL: | D40 L11 L81 Q41 R32 |
| Date: | 2025–03–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:feddwp:99661 |
| By: | Anjali Singh (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Amit Kumar; Kartik Nair; Ritika Verma; Narasimhan Soundarrajan |
| Abstract: | A technology roadmap for EV battery recycling in India is essential to establish a circular economy, reduce environmental hazards and ensure the sustainable use of critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, nickel, and phosphorous. It guides the investment in advanced recycling technologies, promoting efficiency and scalability. This technology roadmap can be a guiding document to strategise and plan the country's infrastructure, promote industry collaboration (EV and battery manufacturers and recyclers), and ensure regulatory compliance to manage the looming EV battery waste. Ultimately, it will strengthen India's self-reliance in raw materials and aligns with global sustainability commitments. |
| Keywords: | Supply Chain, EV Battery, clean energy, icrier, environmental hazards, recycle |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:25-r-08 |