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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Stephen J. Redding |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews recent quantitative urban models. These models are sufficiently rich to capture observed features of the data, such as many asymmetric locations and a rich geography of the transport network. Yet these models remain sufficiently tractable as to permit an analytical characterization of their theoretical properties. With only a small number of structural parameters (elasticities) to be estimated, they lend themselves to transparent identification. As they rationalize the observed spatial distribution of economic activity within cities, they can be used to undertake counterfactuals for the impact of empirically-realistic public-policy interventions on this observed distribution. Empirical applications include estimating the strength of agglomeration economies and evaluating the impact of transport infrastructure improvements (e.g., railroads, roads, Rapid Bus Transit Systems), zoning and land use regulations, place-based policies, and new technologies such as remote working. |
| JEL: | R32 R41 R52 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33130 |
| By: | Rafi, Dilara |
| Abstract: | The Middle Corridor, a critical trade route connecting Europe and Asia, has gained importance after geopolitical challenges on the alternative routes, the Northern and Southern Corridors. Azerbaijan plays a strategic role in the Middle Corridor, investing in transport infrastructure and fostering regional cooperation. This paper examines Azerbaijan's efforts to enhance its position as a key global transit hub to strengthen its logistical capabilities, contributing to non-oil sector growth and economic diversification. Through regional partnerships, infrastructure projects, and improved multimodal transport systems, the country aims for capitalizing on its strategic location, further integrating into global trade networks. The paper concludes with recommendations for enhancing Azerbaijan's transit potential, emphasizing the need for digital innovations, regulatory reforms, and increased collaboration with corridor countries and global partners. |
| Keywords: | Middle Corridor, multimodal transport, non-oil sector, economic diversification |
| JEL: | R4 |
| Date: | 2024–10–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122499 |
| By: | Celebi, Ismail |
| Abstract: | Increasing high-speed railway planning in Central Europe and the lack of border effect estimations in this region encouraged a border effect study in this region. With rail transport data collected in 2022, border effects in railway transport between six coun- tries were estimated separately by basing on Czechia and Slovakia. Significant border effects were found between these countries and their neighbours, and these effect were estimated ranging from 0.46 to 0.69 for Czechia, and 0.11 to 0.37 for Slovakia. However, no significant border effect was found between Czechia and Slovakia. These findings support arguments about that countries with common language, culture and history have lower border effects. |
| Date: | 2024–11–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:jqctz |
| By: | JAXA-ROZEN Marc (European Commission - JRC); RÓZSAI Máté (European Commission - JRC); NEUWAHL Frederik (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The climate targets of the European Union (EU) are defined in relation to historical benchmarks: for instance, the European Climate Law requires net domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to be reduced by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990. However, for aviation and maritime transport, primary statistics on emissions are not available at the level of geographical detail needed to suitably track the contribution of international voyages to domestic emissions. To this end, this report describes a calibration methodology that harmonizes available statistics and yields an internally-consistent decomposition of 1990-2021 activity, energy use, and emissions for aviation and maritime transport in the EU and European Economic Area (EEA). The resulting dataset matches Eurostat energy balances and distinguishes intra-/extra-EU and/or intra-/extra-EEA departures for each EU Member State, each EEA country, and the United Kingdom. The dataset is therefore consistent with the scope of EU climate policies and can inform further research and decisionmaking. The dataset is included in the latest release of the Joint Research Centre's Integrated Database of the European Energy System (JRC-IDEES-2021), which is freely accessible through the JRC Data Catalogue under an open-access license. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc139028 |
| By: | Uysal, Sezgin (Masaryk University); Celebi, Ismail |
| Abstract: | The study focuses on the temporal differences (30 years on average) between ethnic groups migrating from the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the U.S. between 1850 and 1910. In our study, we argue that the main factor that led to differences in the timing of emigration was the differences in regional economic development of different ethnic groups living in different regions of the Empire. Migration costs: before the 1864 introduction of steam engine technology in transatlantic maritime transport, emigration costs were not affordable for Hungarians and Slovaks due to the sea and land voyage high ticket prices. Therefore, with more resources, Austrians and Czechs could afford to migrate earlier. However, after the introduction of steamship technology and the technological change in ship engines, travel became more affordable due to reduced ticket prices, faster voyages, and increased capacity. This allowed Hungarians and Slovaks from poorer regions to begin migrating in larger numbers as migration became economically feasible. In this study, we utilise a complete count of the U.S. Census records from 1900 and 1910 (Helgertz et al., 2023; Ruggles et al., 2021), which Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS). On the other hand, we utilise economic indicators, which are regional daily wage, GDP per capita income and living standard data for the Austria-Hungary Empire from Cvrcek (2013) and Schulze (2000). |
| Date: | 2024–11–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:7vfxn |
| By: | Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | The integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles into smart logistics represents a transformative approach to supply chain management, offering solutions that address critical challenges in sustainability, ethical labor practices, and transparency. With the increasing awareness of climate change, social inequalities, and governance issues, companies worldwide are turning to advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to embed ESG principles into their logistics operations. This article explores the role of smart logistics in promoting sustainability and aligning supply chains with ESG goals. It highlights the environmental aspect by showcasing how AI and big data-driven route optimization can reduce fuel consumption and lower carbon emissions. The use of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid trucks is also discussed, particularly for last-mile deliveries, as part of efforts to minimize the carbon footprint of logistics operations. Additionally, smart warehouses equipped with IoT devices, automation, and AI-driven systems significantly contribute to improving energy efficiency and reducing waste, further advancing the sustainability agenda. Social responsibility in the context of ESG is equally emphasized, particularly regarding labor practices in global supply chains. Technologies such as blockchain enhance transparency by allowing companies to trace the origin of products and verify adherence to fair labor standards. AI and data analytics are also crucial for monitoring supplier compliance with social standards, reducing risks associated with unethical practices. Governance, the third pillar of ESG, plays a critical role in promoting transparency and accountability across supply chains. Smart technologies help improve oversight, ensure compliance with regulatory requirements, and mitigate risks related to corruption and fraud. In conclusion, the article underscores the importance of integrating ESG principles into smart logistics as a strategic imperative for companies looking to enhance their competitiveness, resilience, and long-term success in the global marketplace |
| Keywords: | Logistics, Warehouse, Management |
| JEL: | L90 L91 L92 L98 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122690 |
| By: | Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | The present research has delved deeper into the complex relationship of customer care calls with purchasing behavior in a WM system and has developed actionable insights to optimize operations. In this regard, the following critical factors have been considered: product attributes-cost, weight, and discount-on one hand, and delivery performance in terms of timeliness and reliability on the other, with a view to understand their impacts on customer satisfaction and interactions. Key takeaways are that high volumes of customer care calls reflect operational failure; there is a delay or expectation mismatch, and hence one needs strong process optimization. Also, heavy products, since perceived to be reliable, have fewer customer enquiries; lighter, cheap products cause more frequent queries since impulsive buying and lack of information occur. It further identifies timeliness of delivery as a main determinant of customer satisfaction while delays in delivery result in heightened discontent and rising demands for support. The study underlines the strategic relevance of advanced analytics, machine learning, and real-time monitoring to finally resolve the recurring inefficiencies. This may also be a good basis on which recommendations could be made concerning the use of predictive analytics for demand forecasting, effective logistical frameworks, and methods of customer service that would be in line with product-specific needs. Discounts become a two-edged factor: enhancing satisfaction but threatening brand value when used too frequently. In the end, strategies with discounts should be put into balance, proactive customer engagement should be there, with crystal clear communications with them, and the products to be more correctly described. The given study also identified how a warehouse clears the expectation from customers by applying data-driven strategies for better efficiency, customer satisfaction, and long-term loyalty. The above findings provide a comprehensive road map on how to integrate technology and customer-centric strategies in modern warehouse management. |
| Keywords: | e-Commerce, Warehouse, Logistics, Machine Learning, Tobit. |
| JEL: | L90 L91 L92 L93 L94 L98 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122693 |
| By: | Stephen J. Redding |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews recent research in spatial economics. The field of spatial economics is concerned with the determinants and effects of the location of economic activity in geographic space. It analyses how geographical location shapes the economic activities performed by agents, their interactions with one another, their welfare, and the effects of public policy interventions. Research in this area has benefited from the simultaneous development of new theoretical techniques, new sources of geographic information systems (GIS) data, rapid advances in computing power, machine learning and artificial intelligence, and renewed public policy interest in infrastructure and appropriate policies towards places “left-behind” by globalization and technology. Among the insights from this research are the role of goods and commuting market access in determining location choices; the conditions under which the location of economic activity is characterized by multiple equilibria; the circumstances under which temporary shocks can have permanent effects (hysteresis or path dependence); the heterogeneous and persistent impact of local shocks; the magnitude and spatial decay of agglomeration economics; and the role of both agglomeration forces and endogenous changes in land use in shaping the impact of transport infrastructure improvements. |
| JEL: | F15 R10 R12 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33125 |