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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Chakraborty, Debapriya PhD; Konstantinou, Theodora PhD; Gutierrez Lopez, Julia Beatriz MSc; Tal, Gil |
| Abstract: | The primary metric for measuring electric vehicle (EV) adoption growth is new car sales. However, to enable mass market penetration, EV adoption in the used car market will play a crucial role. The used vehicle market is relatively under-studied or has been studied mostly for specific regions. This project analyzed US national consumer expenditure survey data that tracks households' expenditure on vehicle acquisition and operation. The study aim is to understand new versus used vehicle choice behavior and the consequent cost of vehicle ownership, with the larger aim of determining how much households who generally buy used vehicles can gain or lose if they transition from a used internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) to a used EV. A choice model and cluster analysis showed that ownership of used vehicles is influenced by family size, income, housing tenure, and age. For lower-income renters, current vehicle ownership and purchase costs tend to constitute a high fraction of their household income, raising concerns related to equity and suggesting that these households in particular should be considered in policies to encourage the EV transition. Moreover, while at present the average price paid for a used ICEV is approximately $18, 000, the price of a comparable used EV can range between $14, 000 (e.g., lower electric range Nissan Leaf) to $50, 000 (high-range Tesla), suggesting the need for incentives to encourage the used EV market. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Electric vehicles, used vehicle industry, automobile ownership, households, choice models, operating costs |
| Date: | 2024–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt3jh4f34x&r=tre |
| By: | Hardman, Scott PhD; Chakraborty, Amrita PhD; Hoogland, Kelly; Sugihara, Claire |
| Abstract: | This project provides a literature review of research on zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) which includes fuel cell vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and plug-on hybrid electric vehicles, the latter are referred to as plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). In the review we focus on PEVs due to a lack of literature on fuel cell vehicles. We consider buyer and consumer perceptions of PEVs including perceived barriers to PEV adoption, consumer knowledge of PEVs, issues associated with incentives, and issues associated with infrastructure. The aim is to understand potential barriers to higher PEV sales and future research needs relating to PEV adoption. The PEV market shows many signs of becoming more robust. This includes PEV buyer demographics shifting toward the demographics of buyers of all types of new cars and improvements in PEV technology. Some challenges may remain, however. These include understanding the needs of households without home charging, engaging female car buyers in PEVs, engaging more of the general population in the PEV transition, substantially reducing PEV purchase prices, and incentive discontinuities potentially impacting adoption. Finally, disparities in rebate allocation, infrastructure deployment, and PEV sales indicate the transition is not yet equitable. This may require specific policy actions to address. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Zero emission vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, incentives, consumer behavior, demographics, electric vehicle charging, automobile ownership |
| Date: | 2022–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8dt5b2q6&r=tre |
| By: | Julius Berger; Waldemar Marz |
| Abstract: | We identify and examine a novel welfare channel of fuel economy standards through the in-teraction with public transit and households’ location choices. A stricter emission standard for cars decreases the marginal cost of driving and triggers a shift in modal choice from public to private transport and a rise in carbon emissions. In the long run, the modal shift exacerbates the increase in the average commute length that results from lower driving costs, as well as traffic congestion. The annual welfare cost for a 50 percent emission reduction goal in a setting calibrated with U.S. data turns out 8 percent (equiv. to 54 USD p.c.) higher than when neglecting public transport. With a larger role of public transport as in Europe, this effect rises to 12 percent (equiv. to 83 USD p.c.). An alternative fuel tax policy, by contrast, induces a modal shift towards public transport and reduces the average commute, urban congestion and the welfare cost of emission reductions. |
| Keywords: | fuel economy standards, public transport, monocentric city, fuel tax, carbon emissions |
| JEL: | H23 Q48 R13 R48 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11061&r=tre |
| By: | Bhuiya, Md. MusfiqurMd. Musfiqur Rahman; Barajas, Jesus M. PhD; Venkataram, Prashanth S. PhD |
| Abstract: | We interviewed eight subject-matter experts in California in 2023 tounderstand how travel behavior and priorities may change in response to direct experience with road collisions. Expertsrepresented a variety of perspectives, including medical doctors, advocates for active transportation safety, and advocates for people with disabilities. Their diverse specialties enabled us to capture a variety of concerns without triggering emotionally sensitive areas for people who have directly experienced road collisions. These experts identified common themes, including mental stress from the prospect of returning to driving—especially on freeways, lesser incidence of long-term changes in travel modes after experiencing a collision, dependence on others for rides in private vehicles, and changing routes or times of day of travel when traveling independently. These experts also explained how people’s mode choices are also affected by general concerns about collisions in the news more than by specific personal experiences with near misses. Interview subjects’ spoke of more specific concerns as well. These included but were not limited to, bicyclists using sidewalks instead of bike lanes when both are present, feeling stigmatized from using public transit or paratransit after experiencing a collision, and concerns with motorists treating bicyclists badly. These initial interviewsclarify areas of focus and methodology for future qualitative and quantitative studies on the intersection oftransportation safety and travel behavior change, particularly as they involve people who have directly experienced road collisions. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vulnerable road users, crash victims, travel behavior, traffic crashes, near crashes, mental stress, trauma |
| Date: | 2024–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt2gf1409z&r=tre |
| By: | Daniel de Wolf (TVES - Territoires, Villes, Environnement & Société - ULR 4477 - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille); Ngagne Diop (TVES - Territoires, Villes, Environnement & Société - ULR 4477 - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille); Moez Kilani (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Abstract We extend a multimodal transport model to simulate an increase of the market share of electric vehicles. The model, which is described in detail in Kilani et al. (Sustainability 14(3):1535, 2022), covers the north of France and includes both urban and intercity trips. It is a multi-agents simulation based on the MATsim framework and calibrated on observed traffic flows. We find that the emissions of pollutant gases decrease in comparable proportion to the market share of the electric vehicles. When only users with shorter trips switch to electric vehicles, the impact is limited and demand for charging stations is small since most users will charge by night at home. When the government is able to target users with longer trips, the impact can be higher by more than a factor of two. But, in this case, our model shows that it is important to increase the number of charging stations with an optimized deployment for their accessibility. |
| Abstract: | Nous étendons un modèle de transport multimodal pour simuler une augmentation de la part de marché des véhicules électriques. Le modèle, décrit en détail dans Kilani et al. (Sustainability 14(3):1535, 2022), couvre le nord de la France et inclut les déplacements urbains et interurbains. Il s'agit d'une simulation multi-agents basée sur le framework MATsim et calibrée sur les flux de trafic observés. Nous constatons que les émissions de gaz polluants diminuent dans une proportion comparable à la part de marché des véhicules électriques. Lorsque seuls les utilisateurs effectuant des trajets plus courts passent aux véhicules électriques, l'impact est limité et la demande de bornes de recharge est faible puisque la plupart des utilisateurs rechargent la nuit à leur domicile. Lorsque le gouvernement est en mesure de cibler les utilisateurs effectuant des trajets plus longs, l'impact peut être plus d'un facteur deux. Mais, dans ce cas, notre modèle montre qu'il est important d'augmenter le nombre de bornes de recharge avec un déploiement optimisé pour leur accessibilité. |
| Keywords: | Transport modeling and simulation, Electric vehicles, Deployment of charging stations, Local pollution, North of France, Spatial distribution, Decision support, CO2 emissions |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04551704&r=tre |
| By: | Tushar Gahlaut; Gourav Dwivedi |
| Abstract: | Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly becoming popular as a viable means of transportation for the future. The use of EVs may help in providing better climatic conditions in urban areas with a pocket friendly cost for transportation to the consumers throughout its life. EVs enact as a boon to the society by providing zero tailpipe emissions, better comfort, low lifecycle cost and higher connectivity. The article aims to provide scientific information throughout the literature across various aspects of EVs in their lifetime and thus, assist the scholarly community and various organisations to understand the impact of EVs. In this study we have gathered information from the articles published in SCOPUS database and through grey literature with the focus of information post 2009. We have also used a hybrid methodology using Best-Worst Method (BWM) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) for comparing EVs, internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and hybrid vehicles in various price segments. The study has helped us conclude that EVs should be preferred over ICEVs and hybrids by the users. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2404.11705&r=tre |
| By: | Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia PhD; Circella, Giovanni PhD; Lecompte, Maria Carolina MSc; Rossignol, Lucia; Ozbilen, Basar |
| Abstract: | This study discusses the potential economic and development impacts that high-speed rail (HSR) may bring to California. The research reviews the reported impacts of HSR implementation in various countries, particularly in Europe, and case studies of selected HSR station-cities in France, Spain, and Italy. The analysis suggests that HSR could bring economic development to the state and stimulate population growth but might eventually lead to gentrification in certainlocations. Not all station-cities experience the same impacts, and certain conditions may foster greater economic development. Station location and connectivity to downtown areas would be particularly important in influencing these impacts, while peripheral stations would be less able to attract land use development and relocation of activities. The availability of rail service to larger cities (and connections to other major markets) and the coordination with urban planning and policy are key to determining the development of areas around HSR stations. The study indicates that for HSR to bring about desired economic development, the planning and design of stations and services must be integrated with the vision and urban plans of each station-city. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, High-speed rail, economic development, rail stations, transportation planning, California |
| Date: | 2024–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5s93r8wb&r=tre |
| By: | Nassiri, Somayeh PhD; Butt, Ali Azhar PhD; Zarei, Ali; Kim, Changmo PhD; Wu, Rongzong PhD; Lea, Jeremy David; Erdahl, Jessica |
| Abstract: | Between 2017 and 2018, California experienced four devastating fires, including the Camp and Carr Fires. After fires, road infrastructure is crucial for safe removal of hazardous materials and waste to landfills and recycling facilities. Despite the critical role of pavements in this process, there has been little quantitative evaluation of the potential damage to pavements from truck traffic for debris removal. To address this knowledge gap, data on truck trip numbers and debris tonnage following the Camp and Carr Fires were used to calculate changes in equivalent single axle loads and traffic index over the pavement’s design life (the age at which reconstruction would be considered). Simulations were conducted on existing pavement structures to assess potential additional damage based on increased traffic indices. Pavement structural design simulations showed that out of the nine studied highways, one exhibited a reduction in cracking life of about two years from debris removal operations. However, fatigue cracking was significantly accelerated for Skyway, the major road in the Town of Paradise, failing 14.3 years before its design life. A methodology similar to the one presented in this study can be adopted in debris management planning to strategically avoid vulnerable pavements and minimize damage to the highway network. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Wildfires, pavements, disaster resilience, mechanistic-empirical pavement design, debris removal, traffic loads, fatigue cracking, rutting, case studies |
| Date: | 2023–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9w05v56t&r=tre |
| By: | Kacker, Kanishka (Indian Statistical Institute); Gupta, Ridhima (South Asian University); Ali , Saif (Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology) |
| Abstract: | Will reducing traffic congestion bring health benefits? We use high frequency data from Uber for Delhi – a city that experiences high levels of air pollution and traffic congestion - to answer this question. Exploiting information by time of day for every day of 2018 at the neighborhood level that covers over 16000 possible trips during each of these time periods, we employ an econometric framework that models wind direction together with day, month, time-of-day and trip fixed effects to remove important sources of unobserved heterogeneity. Congestion has a non-linear, dynamic impact on pollution raising it sharply by over a standard deviation. The pattern of response shown by the results is consistent with known information regarding vehicular emissions and ambient air pollution, suggesting bias in the estimates to be low. Simulations using parameters from epidemiological studies suggest congestion may be responsible for up to 40% of all premature deaths from pulmonary and heart disease in Delhi. |
| Keywords: | air pollution; traffic congestion; vehicular regulation |
| JEL: | L91 O18 Q53 R41 |
| Date: | 2023–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunefd:2023_010&r=tre |
| By: | Rajat Verma; Eunhan Ka; Satish V. Ukkusuri |
| Abstract: | The growth in availability of large-scale GPS mobility data from mobile devices has the potential to aid traditional travel demand models (TDMs) such as the four-step planning model, but those processing methods are not commonly used in practice. In this study, we show the application of trip generation and trip distribution modeling using GPS data from smartphones in the state of Indiana. This involves extracting trip segments from the data and inferring the phone users' home locations, adjusting for data representativeness, and using a data-driven travel time-based cost function for the trip distribution model. The trip generation and interchange patterns in the state are modeled for 2025, 2035, and 2045. Employment sectors like industry and retail are observed to influence trip making behavior more than other sectors. The travel growth is predicted to be mostly concentrated in the suburban regions, with a small decline in the urban cores. Further, although the majority of the growth in trip flows over the years is expected to come from the corridors between the major urban centers of the state, relative interzonal trip flow growth will likely be uniformly spread throughout the state. We also validate our results with the forecasts of two travel demand models, finding a difference of 5-15% in overall trip counts. Our GPS data-based demand model will contribute towards augmenting the conventional statewide travel demand model developed by the state and regional planning agencies. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2404.13211&r=tre |
| By: | Nadeem Ul Haque (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad); Saba Anwar (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad) |
| Abstract: | The transport and logistics infrastructure plays a critical role in domestic commerce in facilitating buying and selling. In fact, transport infrastructure is the asset that increases the productivity of other players in the ecosystem like trucks (Baldwin & Dixon, 2008). |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:rrepot:2024:9&r=tre |