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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Dessouky, Maged; Yao, Siyuan |
| Abstract: | In the United States, the transportation sector is the largest single source of greenhouse gas (GHG) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and heavy-duty trucks contribute a disproportionately large share. Therefore, the trucking industry has been seeking ways to minimize emissions, such as adopting zero-emission vehicles and improving truck operating strategies to reduce truck miles. Battery-powered vehicles have different limitations than those with internal combustion engines. In this study, researchers from the University of Southern California investigated the adoption of battery electric heavy-duty trucks (BEHDTs) in the short-haul freight movement sector and the drayage industry. Drayage is a short-haul pickup and delivery service for transporting freight among ports, warehouses, and other facilities. With drayage routing, vehicles have limited weight and volume capacities and often make many stops. Routing involves optimizing for multiple factors, like fuel, distance traveled, and timeliness. This brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides implications for the field. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Diesel trucks, Drayage, Electric trucks, Electric vehicle charging, Routes and routing, Vehicle mix |
| Date: | 2024–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0q7056s8&r=tre |
| By: | Milena Almagro (University of Chicago); Felipe Barbieri (University of Pennsylvania); Juan Camilo Castillo (University of Pennsylvania); Nathaniel Hickok (MIT); Tobias Salz (MIT) |
| Abstract: | We characterize optimal urban transportation policies in the presence of congestion and environmental externalities and evaluate their welfare and distributional effects. We present a framework of a municipal government that implements different transportation equilibria through its choice of public transit policies—prices and frequencies—as well as road pricing. The government faces a budget constraint that introduces monopoly-like distortions. We apply this framework to Chicago, for which we construct a new dataset that comprehensively captures transportation choices. We find that road pricing alone leads to large welfare gains by reducing externalities, but at the expense of consumers (travelers), whose surplus falls even if road pricing revenues are fully rebated. The largest losses are borne by middle income consumers, who are most reliant on cars. We find that the optimal price of public transit is close to zero and goes along with a reduction in the frequency of buses and an increase in the frequency of trains. Combining these transit policies with road pricing eliminates budget constraints. This allows the government to implement higher transit frequencies and even lower prices, in which case consumer surplus increases after rebates. |
| Keywords: | Urban transportation, public transit subsidy design, road pricing, spatial equilibrium, Ramsey pricing |
| JEL: | L91 L5 L13 H23 R41 R48 |
| Date: | 2024–02–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pen:papers:24-004&r=tre |
| By: | Hoogland, Kelly; Hardman, Scott; Chakraborty, Debapriya; Bunch, David S |
| Abstract: | To mitigate climate change and air pollution, multiple US states and other countries have beensetting and adjusting goals and policies aimed at shifting sales from conventional, fossil-fuel–powered vehicles to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), defined as plug-in hybrid and battery electric (all-electric) vehicles. For example, US policies have offered federal tax credits for the purchase of PEVs, with limits set on how many PEVs from a single manufacturer, which PEVs, and which consumers qualify. A key to developing or adjusting these policies is understanding how financial incentives affect consumers’ decisions to purchase or lease PEVs. To better understand the impact of financial incentives on PEV leasing and purchasing, researchers at the University of California, Davis, analyzed survey responses from approximately 2, 800 California PEV owners. The survey asked: If the federal tax credit were not available would you: purchase or lease the same PEV, switch to a different PEV, switch to a conventional or hybrid (non-plug in) vehicle, or not acquire a vehicle at all? This policy brief discusses findings from those survey responses and provides policy implications. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Automobile ownership, Consumer preferences, Decision making, Electric vehicles, Incentives, Leasing, Taxation |
| Date: | 2024–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt33r245zv&r=tre |
| By: | Thomas Klitgaard |
| Abstract: | China’s aggressive policies to develop its battery-powered electric vehicle (BEV) industry have been successful in making the country the dominant producer of these vehicles worldwide. Going forward, BEVs will likely claim a growing share of global motor vehicle sales, helped along by subsides and mandates implemented in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere. Nevertheless, China’s success in selling BEVs may not contribute much to its GDP growth, owing both to the maturity of its motor vehicle sector and the strong tendency for countries to protect this high-profile industry. |
| Keywords: | battery-powered electric vehicle (BEV); exports; trade; China; Europe; tariffs; protectionism |
| JEL: | F0 |
| Date: | 2024–02–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:97869&r=tre |
| By: | Helena Povoa; Alessandro V. M. Oliveira |
| Abstract: | The number of air transportation passengers during the holidays in Brazil has grown notably since the late nineties. One of the reasons is greater competition in airfares made possible by economic liberalization. This paper presents an econometric model of airline pricing aiming at estimating the impacts of holiday periods on fares, with special emphasis on three-day holiday events. It makes use of a database with daily collected data from the internet between 2008 and 2010 for the major Brazilian city, Sao Paulo. The econometric panel data model employs a two-way error components "within" estimator, controlling for airline/airport-pair fixed effect along with quotation and departure months effects. The decomposition of time effects between quotation and departure month effects is the main methodological contribution of the paper. Results allow for a comparative analysis of the performance of Sao Paulo's downtown and international airports - respectively, Congonhas (CGH), and Guarulhos (GRU) airports. As a result, the price of tickets bought 60 days in advance for flights with two stops leaving from the downtown airport fell by most. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2402.07124&r=tre |
| By: | Quentin Lepetit (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Vincent Viguié (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Charlotte Liotta (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, TU - Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin) |
| Abstract: | This work presents a gridded dataset on real estate and transportation in 192 worldwide urban areas, obtained from the Google Maps API and the web scraping of real estate websites. For each city of the sample, these data have been associated with the corresponding population density and land cover data, extracted from the GHS POP and ESA CCI data respectively, and aggregated on a 1 km resolution grid, allowing for an integrated analysis. This dataset is the first to include spatialized real estate and transportation data in a large sample of cities covering 800 million people in both developed and developing countries. These data can be used as inputs for urban modeling purposes, transport modeling, or between-city comparisons in urban forms and transportation networks, and allow further analyses on e.g. urban sprawl, access to transportation, or equity in housing prices and access to transportation. |
| Keywords: | Cities, Urban form, Land cover, Urban economics, Real estate, Transportation |
| Date: | 2023–02–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04433873&r=tre |
| By: | Frederico A. Turolla; Moises D. Vassallo; Alessandro V. M. Oliveira |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a test of intermodal interaction between coaches and airlines in Brazil in order to check for the efficacy of recent liberalization measures designed to promote competition in both industries. Interstate travel service in the country is heavily provided by coaches, and the system is fully operated by the private sector under public delegation through permits and authorizations. Agency-based regulation was introduced in 2002 along with a price cap regime aimed at enhancing the flexibility to change fares in response to demand and cost conditions. By making use of a reaction function-based model of coach operators' pricing decisions in the interstate travel market, we then estimate the sensitivity of the changes in coach fares to the changes in airline fares in a simultaneous-equation framework. Intermodal interaction among coach operators and airlines is found to be highly significant and probably due to the competition for a small but increasing set of premium, quality-sensitive, coach passengers. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2402.07125&r=tre |
| By: | Paul Hurlet (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Ouassim Manout (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Azise Oumar Diallo (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles) |
| Abstract: | This work addresses the challenges of implementing shared e-scooter services (SSS) in urban areas. Despite their potential for sustainable mobility, issues like road safety and street cluttering persist. Policy regulation is crucial, and recent efforts have focused on free-floating e-scooter parking legislation. To assist decision-making, this paper proposes an agent-based framework to design SSS parking supply and evaluate its impact. The methodology is applied in Lyon, France, where the SSS is gaining more and more territory. The main outcomes show parking regulation can introduce conflicting objectives, with a reduction of SSS use due to an increase in the access and egress walking distance. |
| Keywords: | Shared e-Scooter Services (SSS), Micromobility, Regulation, Parking, Agent-Based Model (ABM), MATSim |
| Date: | 2024–04–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04422427&r=tre |
| By: | Preuß, Sabine; Kunze, Robert; Scherrer, Aline; Zwirnmann, Jakob; Rummel, Alexandra |
| Abstract: | Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) are widely considered a promising option to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in transport. The electricity used for charging is decisive for the environmental assessment of PEV. Most studies assume the average grid mix for charging. A study in 2021 showed that the share of renewables in charging electricity of PEV in Europe was above the grid mix. The present study provides an update of this study to further refine the database and to compare the results from 2021 and 2023. In addition, small methodological adjustments were implemented to improve the estimate of renewable electricity in PEV charging across Europe. Therefore, this article presents results of an extensive survey with over 3, 400 PEV users in 13 countries across the EU. Results reveal that PEV users still charge their PEV mostly at home. However, the share of renewable charging tariffs for home charging decreased compared to the results from 2021. When considering all charging locations (home, work and public charging), the respective share of renewable contracted electricity, and the number of PEV per EU country, the share of renewables in the charging electricity of PEV has further increased and is still above the European grid mix (i.e., balanced total supplier mix). We discuss reasons for this finding by outlining differences between the results of the study from 2021 and the present one. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisisi:283599&r=tre |
| By: | Rafael Rocha Oliveira; Claudio Lucinda |
| Abstract: | Little attention has been given in the literature to the effects of the exit of a potential competitor. The extant papers usually analyze the incumbent response only in markets directly affected. They do not explore the effects of reduced competition in markets threatened by entry. Aiming to fill this gap this work evaluates the extent of a threat potential competitors are in terms of price and quantity supplied. We used the bankruptcy of Avianca, the fourth-largest airline in the Brazilian airline sector as a case study. We find evidence the main incumbents respond with a price increase. When analyzing the quantity supplied, we find no evidence of an incumbent response regarding the number of flights or the number of seats. |
| Keywords: | Threat; Potential competition; Exit; Bankruptcy; Airline companies; Tariffs airlines |
| JEL: | L13 L93 L43 |
| Date: | 2024–02–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2024wpecon4&r=tre |
| By: | Burke, Andrew; Ogden, Joan; Fulton, Lewis; Cerniauskas, Simonas |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2024–02–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt83p5k54m&r=tre |
| By: | Odran Bonnet; Étienne Fize; Tristan Loisel; Lionel Wilner |
| Abstract: | This paper exploits the introduction of the German carbon tax in 2021 as well as excise tax rebates on fuel in both France and Germany, consecutive to the 2022 oil crisis, to infer how fuel tourism responds to changes in relative prices. Based on French high-frequency transaction-level data issued from individual banking accounts, we find substantial displacement between foreign and domestic consumption. When relative prices increase by 1%, the relative cross-border demand decreases by 7.7%. In border areas, the elasticity of tax revenue with respect to foreign prices is as high as 0.5. Moreover, there is no substantial difference in demand response to either carbon or excise tax. Such empirical evidence illustrates the importance of coordinating tax policy within EU. |
| Keywords: | commodity taxation, tax coordination, carbon pricing, fuel tourism, transaction-level data |
| JEL: | H20 H23 H77 R48 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10918&r=tre |