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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Daniel de Wolf (TVES - Territoires, Villes, Environnement & Société - ULR 4477 - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille); Yves Smeers (CORE - Center of Operation Research and Econometrics [Louvain] - UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain) |
| Abstract: | In the current context of the ban on fossil fuel vehicles (diesel and petrol) adopted by several European cities, the question arises of the development of the infrastructure for the distribution of alternative energies, namely hydrogen (for fuel cell electric vehicles) and electricity (for battery electric vehicles). First, we compare the main advantages/constraints of the two alternative propulsion modes for the user. The main advantages of hydrogen vehicles are autonomy and fast recharging. The main advantages of battery-powered vehicles are the lower price and the wide availability of the electricity grid. We then review the existing studies on the deployment of new hydrogen distribution networks and compare the deployment costs of hydrogen and electricity distribution networks. Finally, we conclude with some personal conclusions on the benefits of developing both modes and ideas for future studies on the subject. |
| Abstract: | Dans le contexte actuel d'interdiction des véhicules à énergies fossiles (diesel et essence) adoptée par plusieurs villes européennes, la question se pose du développement des infrastructures de distribution des énergies alternatives, à savoir l'hydrogène (pour les véhicules électriques à pile à combustible) et l'électricité ( pour les véhicules électriques à batterie). Dans un premier temps, nous comparons les principaux avantages/contraintes des deux modes de propulsion alternatifs pour l'utilisateur. Les principaux avantages des véhicules à hydrogène sont l'autonomie et la recharge rapide. Les principaux avantages des véhicules alimentés par batterie sont leur prix inférieur et la large disponibilité du réseau électrique. Nous passons ensuite en revue les études existantes sur le déploiement de nouveaux réseaux de distribution d'hydrogène et comparons les coûts de déploiement des réseaux de distribution d'hydrogène et d'électricité. Enfin, nous concluons par quelques conclusions personnelles sur les avantages de développer à la fois des modes et des idées pour de futures études sur le sujet. |
| Keywords: | battery electric vehicles fuel cell electric vehicles advantages and limitations distribution costs, battery electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, advantages and limitations, distribution costs |
| Date: | 2023–09–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04367656&r=tre |
| By: | Gal Amedi (Bank of Israel) |
| Abstract: | Accessibility is a key factor in the utility from living in different areas. In urban models, accessibility is theoretically expected to be internalized by the residential market, creating an 'accessibility premium' in areas with better accessibility. Previous case-study literature found significant and largely unexplained variation in the transit accessibility premium in different urban contexts. This paper proposes a new approach to uncovering the determinants of this variation in a unified framework, utilizing a theoretically grounded measure of accessibility, and both causal machine learning and standard econometric methods applied to highly granular nationwide data on rents and the transportation network. I find that high residential density, mixed-use zoning, and a demographic composition better reflecting typical transit users imply a larger transit accessibility premium. This premium is also higher in areas with a low level of services compared to a reasonable reference point, and positive only up to a threshold level of services. There is some evidence that proximity to rail systems implies a premium over and above the expected premium implied by a reduction in travel times alone. The estimated effect is usually modest. |
| JEL: | R40 R31 R23 R12 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boi:wpaper:2023.12&r=tre |
| By: | Haapamäki, Taina; Harjunen, Oskari; Kauhanen, Antti; Kuivalainen, Veeti; Riukula, Krista; Valmari, Nelli; Väänänen, Touko |
| Abstract: | Abstract In economics, the regional densification of economic activity is referred to as agglomeration. The effects of agglomeration are often referred to when discussing the wider economic benefits of transportation infrastructure projects. The magnitude of these effects has not been extensively studied in Finland. In this report, we examine the impact of agglomeration on productivity in the Helsinki region, utilizing extensive registry data. We find that improved job to job accessibility increases employees’ wages. However, our findings concerning the value-added at establishment level are less conclusive and statistically insignificant. Our results suggest that increased accessibility leads to increases in other operating expenses such as rents, potentially explaining the lack of statistically significant effect on value-added. Our results suggest that agglomeration benefits are predominantly intraregional, with interregional accessibility having little impact on these benefits. Thus, the ratio between the agglomeration benefits and the direct benefits of transportation infrastructure projects varies depending on the project. Including these benefits directly to cost-benefit analyses risks double counting some benefits. Taxes and similar payments on increased wages due to accessibility increases could be included as a separate item in the cost-benefit analysis. |
| Keywords: | Agglomeration, Productivity, Transport project, Cost-benefit analysis, Accessibility, Wider economic impacts |
| JEL: | R41 R42 R12 |
| Date: | 2024–01–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:report:144&r=tre |
| By: | Bakır, Mahmut |
| Abstract: | Customer citizenship behavior, which expresses actions that add value to the business, such as providing feedback to the firms, tolerating disruptions, and helping other customers, is vital in improving the service experience in the airline industry, where services are provided collectively and in a shared environment. In this regard, the topic of how to encourage consumers to engage in customer citizenship behaviors in the airline industry must be highlighted. This thesis research aims to investigate the effect of customer satisfaction and its antecedents on customer citizenship behavior in the airline industry. In this regard, service quality and value for money were used as the antecedents of customer satisfaction based on the Expectation Confirmation Theory. The dimensions of feedback, advocacy, helping, and tolerance were used to operationalize the customer citizenship behavior. In addition, Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory is also incorporated into the conceptual model, as the antecedents of customer citizenship behaviors may vary across national cultures. In doing so, data were collected from Turkish and British airline consumers representing different national cultures, based on a quantitative research design using the survey technique. The web-based questionnaire yielded 420 valid responses from British airline customers and 323 valid responses from Turkish airline customers. Using the 5, 000 bootstrapped resampling technique via partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), a significant effect of service quality and value for money on customer satisfaction was observed for both samples. In addition, customer satisfaction significantly predicts customer citizenship behaviors, namely feedback, advocacy, helping, and tolerance. Then, the permutation test and Henseler’s multigroup analysis were applied to the conceptual model to test whether the hypothesized relationships differs significantly between Turkish and British samples. Accordingly, the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction and the effect of customer satisfaction on advocacy and helping behaviors differ significantly. |
| Date: | 2022–07–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:thesis:5yjb3&r=tre |
| By: | Lilian Loubet (IDEES - Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRIHS - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université); Géraldine del Mondo (LITIS - Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes - ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - INSA Rouen Normandie - Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - NU - Normandie Université); Julius Bañgate (LITIS - Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes - ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - INSA Rouen Normandie - Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - NU - Normandie Université); Eric Sanlaville (LITIS - Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes - ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - INSA Rouen Normandie - Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - NU - Normandie Université); Pierrick Tranouez (LITIS - Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes - ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - INSA Rouen Normandie - Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - NU - Normandie Université) |
| Abstract: | The paper presents a model designed to analyse port governance. It considers that the stakeholders ability to adopt cooperative behaviors constitutes the key element to port development. Its focus is on medium-sized European ports and fifteen cases were studied. Each territory was first subject to a qualitative survey and analysis of the contents of local stakeholders discourse (over 80 interviews conducted). The material is rich, allowing for the comparison between two or even three ports, yet the delicate nature of the relations brought to light adds considerable complexity to the comparison within a larger ensemble. The paper, therefore, proposes a semi-automatic treatment which helps to mitigate this difficulty by means of a computer model based on graph theory. It involves a modelling system based on the relations between the entities of the system. In this context, the relations between stakeholders were analysed in order to create typologies and eventually envisage some standard models of governance. In order to territorialize the subject, six typical cases out of fifteen were used: Le Havre, Nantes-Saint Nazaire, Dunkirk (France), Gdynia (Poland), Klaipėda (Lituania), Hamina- Kotka (Finland). All these port environments modelled according to a single format (i.e. a graph) led to the application of a certain number of metrics which enables them to be compared. Two main metrics were presented in the framework of this paper for illustrative purposes: "Density" and "S_metric". These metrics originating in graph theory, coupled with other indicators (distribution of degrees and number of hubs per port), allowed to measure the relationships' intensity and the distribution of these intensities among the stakeholders, and to identify the main stakeholders or conversely the least influential. |
| Abstract: | Ce travail présente un modèle d'analyse de la gouvernance portuaire considérant que la capacité des acteurs à adopter des comportements coopératifs constitue l'élément moteur du développement. Il se concentre sur les ports moyens européens ; une quinzaine de cas ont été étudiés (plus de 80 entretiens réalisés). Toutefois, si ce matériau riche permet de comparer la gouvernance de deux, voire trois ports, la finesse des relations mises en lumière complexifie considérablement la comparaison au sein d'un ensemble plus important. Aussi cet article propose un traitement semi-automatique participant à pallier cette difficulté au moyen d'un modèle informatique basé sur la théorie des graphes. Il s'agit de modéliser un système en se basant sur les relations entre les entités du système. Ainsi, les relations entre acteurs ont été analysées afin de créer des typologies et d'envisager à terme des modèles types de gouvernance. Afin de territorialiser le propos, six cas emblématiques ont été retenus sur les quinze : Le Havre, Nantes-Saint Nazaire, Dunkerque (France), Gdynia (Pologne), Klaipėda (Lituanie), Hamina-Kotka (Finlande). Tous ces environnements portuaires modélisés selon un même format (i.e. un graphe) donnent lieu à l'application d'un certain nombre de métriques permettant de les comparer. Deux principales métriques ont été présentées à titre illustratif dans le cadre de cet article : la "Densité" et la "S_metric". Elles ont été couplées à d'autres indicateurs (distribution des degrés et nombre de hubs par port) qui ont permis de mesurer l'intensité des relations, la répartition de cette intensité entre les acteurs, d'identifier les acteurs majeurs ou peu influents. |
| Keywords: | governance, port governance, stakeholder, modelling, graph theory, Cooperation, gouvernance portuaire, gouvernance, parties prenantes, modélisation, théorie des graphes, Coopération territoriale |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04154472&r=tre |