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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Pike, Susan; Handy, Susan |
| Abstract: | This study explores the factors associated with observed changes in transportation mode shares over the period from 2012 to 2017 (corresponding with the period between the two most recent household travel surveys conducted in California). In contrast with the goals of the California Department of Transportation and the State Transportation agency, walking, biking, and using transit all decreased during this period, and driving and the use of personal vehicles increased. There are a number of factors typically associated with transportation mode choices, including socio-demographics, attitudes, life stages, land use and infrastructure availability. Further, large scale events may also have an effect on travel trends; for example, the Great Recessionmay have impacted individuals’ ability to own a personal vehicle and therefore increased the use of alternative means of transportation during the years leading up to our survey period. Similarly, the 2013 passage of legislation allowing for non-citizens to obtain a driver’s license in the state of California, may have impacted mode shares over the study period. This paper compares these and other factors impacting mode shares in 2012 and in 2017 to answer part of the question about why we see this decrease in the use of active modes over this period and what types of planning, programs, and policy actions may help to reverse this trend and get California back on track to increase walking, biking and the use of public transit. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Travel mode shares, Changes in walking and biking, California mode shares, NHTS, CHTS, Survey Methods |
| Date: | 2023–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9cg0f12x&r=tre |
| By: | Flötteröd, Gunnar (Swedish National Road & Transport Research Institute (VTI)); Sjöstrand, Henrik (Swedish National Road & Transport Research Institute (VTI)); Kristofersson, Filip (Swedish National Road & Transport Research Institute (VTI)); Westin, Jonas (Umeå University) |
| Abstract: | There is a lack of standardized methods for socio-economic evaluations within the maritime transport sector. This paper presents a model for analysing and quantifying the intensity and severity of ship conflicts using AIS (Automatic Identification System) data and expert assessments. Also, a case study applying the proposed method to the Southern Gothenburg Archipelago is carried out. The goal is to contribute to cost-benefit analyses within the maritime transport sector by a better understanding of how different actions, such as the widening of fairways or new regulation, impact maritime safety. The importance of validating the model by comparing its results with independent sources of reported maritime accidents is emphasized, and the challenges of using existing accident statistics for this purpose is discussed. The basic model described in the paper can be built upon by differentiating parameters by region and vessel type, account for seasonality etc. Furthermore, a downstream consequence analysis model is needed to enable a monetary valuation of (the consequences of) identified conflicts. Finally, the same principles as laid out here for conflict analysis can also be adopted to the identification of groundings. |
| Keywords: | Socio-economic evaluation; Cost-benefit analysis; Maritime safety; AIS; Ship conflicts; Geometric probability; Probabilistic risk analysis |
| JEL: | C69 D61 R41 R42 |
| Date: | 2023–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:vtiwps:2023_012&r=tre |
| By: | Chen, Liming (Asian Development Bank); Hasan, Rana (Asian Development Bank); Jiang, Yi (Asian Development Bank); Parkhomenko, Andrii (University of Southern California) |
| Abstract: | We study the interaction between transit improvements and land use policies in the context of Bengaluru, one of India’s largest cities. The city inaugurated a metro system in 2011. Yet it has low building heights even near metro stations, reflecting low floor-area ratio limits. We construct a rich dataset that includes information on travel times between 198 wards, parcel-level land use, and building heights from satellite images. We then build a quantitative spatial model where heterogeneous workers choose among different commuting modes. The simulations show that the metro system increases citywide output and welfare, even net of costs. However, the net gains are several times larger when floor-area ratio limits are relaxed near metro stations (transit-oriented development) or in the city center. Moreover, the metro and transit-oriented development are complementary—their joint effect on incomes, prices, and welfare is greater than the combined effect of the two policies implemented separately |
| Keywords: | : urban; transit; land use; building heights; transportation; transit-oriented development; spatial equilibrium; development; India |
| JEL: | R31 R33 R41 R42 R52 |
| Date: | 2023–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0702&r=tre |
| By: | Gerhardt, Michaela V.; Kanberger, Elke D.; Ziegler, Andreas |
| JEL: | R4 Q5 D12 C35 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc23:277675&r=tre |
| By: | Vial Lecaros Felipe; Zárate Román D.; Pérez Pérez Jorge |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the effects of a subway expansion on labor market outcomes in Santiago, Chile. First, we estimate these effects through a reduced-form analysis. We find changes in work locations and wages consistent with a reduction in firms' labor market power in areas where the subway expanded. We then lay out a model with labor market oligopsonies to calculate the welfare gains from the subway expansion. The model allows decomposition of welfare gains into i) efficiency gains from improved worker-firm matching and ii) gains from reducing labor misallocation due to labor market power. We analyze the distributional implications of the subway expansion. We find that workers benefit as firms see reduced profits. In a model with labor market power these welfare gains are larger than in a competitive model. |
| Keywords: | transit infrastructure;labor market power;spatial misallocation;quantitative spatial economics |
| JEL: | J44 R12 R42 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2023-17&r=tre |
| By: | Luttmann, Alexander; Ladd, Daniel |
| Abstract: | Over the past forty years, one of the most important datasets in industrial organization has been the Airline Origin and Destination Survey (DB1B). Most studies relying on these data remove tickets with fares less than $20, assuming that these are heavily discounted frequent flyer awards (FFAs). We investigate the validity of this approach by first defining the size of the frequent flyer market using annual Form 10-K filings. Exploiting a federal regulation, we then outline a novel approach to identify FFAs in the DB1B. Our method indicates that the $20 cutoff used by researchers is too high and may be lowered to $12 for tickets appearing in the DB1B after February 1, 2002. Using the FFAs we identify, we show how the characteristics of award tickets differ from paid tickets and how these characteristics have changed over time. We then demonstrate how various market and product quality characteristics influence the share of passengers traveling on FFAs. Finally, we find that price dispersion increases on routes with higher shares of frequent flyer passengers, implying that airline loyalty programs enhance market power. |
| Keywords: | Airlines, competition, loyalty rewards, frequent flyer tickets, product quality |
| JEL: | L11 L13 L14 L93 M31 R40 R49 |
| Date: | 2023–11–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119214&r=tre |