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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Bento, Antonio M; Hall, Jonathan D; Heilmann, Kilian |
| Abstract: | Traffic congestion is a major problem in large cities worldwide. This project uses high-frequency data from the Los Angeles metropolitan area combined with an instrument that varies spatially and temporally to estimate the causal impact of an additional vehicle mile traveled on travel times. Specifically, the research team exploits the network structure of the Los Angeles highway system and uses crashes on close alternative routes as exogenous shocks to traffic demand. To do so, the team relies on Google Maps to determine the ideal route and alternatives for over 19, 000 real-world commutes. The researchers estimate that at peak times an additional trip reduces speed by, on average, 0.22%. They find the optimal toll at peak times is 33 cents per mile, with the toll being lower, even zero, off-peak. The researchers show how this toll varies over space and time, as well as report on its distributional effects. This toll would more than double highway speeds during peak times and only requires reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) at the peak by 10%. The resulting social welfare gains are over two billion dollars per year. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Big Data, Congestion, Tolls |
| Date: | 2023–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt6c60v3h7&r=tre |
| By: | Prottoy A. Akbar; Victor Couture; Gilles Duranton; Adam Storeygard |
| Abstract: | We assemble a new global database on motor vehicle travel speed in over 1, 200 large cities in 152 countries. We then estimate comparable city-level indices of travel speed and congestion. Most of the variation in urban travel speed is across countries, not within. National income per capita explains most of this cross-country variation in speed. In rich countries, urban travel is roughly 50% faster than in poor countries. To investigate the link between economic development and mobility, we develop an urban model with endogenous travel, road infrastructure, and land area. The model provides an exact decomposition of how city size, infrastructure, and topography contribute to explaining why urban travel is faster in richer countries. We find that richer countries are faster, mainly because their cities have more major roads and wider land areas. These effects operate by increasing uncongested speed, not by reducing congestion. |
| JEL: | O18 R41 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31642&r=tre |
| By: | Megan R. Bailey; David P. Brown; Blake C. Shaffer; Frank A. Wolak |
| Abstract: | We use a field experiment to measure the effectiveness of financial incentives and moral suasion “nudges” to shift the timing of electric vehicle (EV) charging. We find EV owners respond strongly to financial incentives, while nudges have no statistically discernible effect. When financial incentives are removed, charge timing reverts to pre-intervention behavior, showing no evidence of habit formation and reinforcing our finding that “money matters”. Our charge price responsiveness estimate is an order of magnitude larger than typical household electricity consumption elasticities. This result highlights the greater flexibility of EV charging over other forms of residential electricity demand. |
| JEL: | Q4 Q41 Q5 R48 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31630&r=tre |
| By: | Mathieu Lambotte (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Sandrine Mathy (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Anna Risch (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Carole Treibich (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the role of peer effects at the work place on the individual choice of transportation mode. We collect original data through an online survey on networks and sustainable behaviors among 334 individuals working in ten laboratories of the University of Grenoble Alps in February 2020. Using a linear-in-means model for binary outcomes and distinguishing endogenous and exogenous peer effects, correlated effects and network endogeneity, we find that peers have a significant and positive effect on individual active transportation mode's choice. We show that in our setting, a simulated policy or intervention would be almost twice more effective in spreading active transportation mode through social spillover effects if it targets key players rather than random individuals. |
| Keywords: | Peer effects, Social network, Workplace, Transportation choice, Key players |
| Date: | 2022–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03702634&r=tre |
| By: | Dion, Francois PhD; Yang, Mingyuan; Patire, Anthony PhD |
| Abstract: | This report describes how current methods of estimating truck traffic volumes from existing fixed roadway sensors could be improved by using tracking data collected from commercial truck fleets and other connected technology sources (e.g., onboard GPS-enabled navigation systems and smartphones supplied by third-party vendors). Using Caltrans District 1 in Northern California as an example, the study first reviews existing fixed-location data collection capabilities and highlights gaps in the ability to monitor truck movements. It then reviews emerging data sources and analyzes the analytical capabilities of StreetLight 2021, a commercial software package. The study then looks at the Sample Trip Count and uncalibrated Index values obtained from three weigh-in-motion (WIM) and twelve Traffic Census stations operated by Caltrans in District 1. The study suggests improvements to StreetLight’s “single-factor” calibration process which limits its ability to convert raw truck count data into accurate traffic volume estimates across an area, and suggests how improved truck-related calibration data can be extracted from the truck classification counts obtained from Caltrans’ WIM and Traffic Census stations. The report compares uncalibrated StreetLight Index values to observed truck counts to assess data quality and evaluates the impacts of considering alternate calibration data sets and analysis periods. Two test cases are presented to highlight issues with the single-factor calibration process. The report concludes that probe data analytical platforms such as StreetLight can be used to obtain rough estimates of truck volumes on roadway segments or to analyze routing patterns. The results further indicate that the accuracy of volume estimates depends heavily on the availability of sufficiently large samples of tracking data and stable and representative month-by-month calibration data across multiple reference locations. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Trucks, traffic volume, traffic counts, fleet management, weigh in motion, data collection, data quality |
| Date: | 2023–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt4cw749bp&r=tre |
| By: | Fatemeh Nazari; Yellitza Soto; Mohamadhossein Noruzoliaee |
| Abstract: | Transportation systems will be likely transformed by the emergence of automated vehicles (AVs) promising for safe, convenient, and efficient mobility, especially if used in shared systems (shared AV or SAV). However, the potential tendency is observed towards owning AV as a private asset rather than using SAV. This calls for a research on investigating individuals' attitude towards AV in comparison with SAV to recognize the barriers to the public's tendency towards SAV. To do so, the present study proposes a modeling framework based on the theories in behavioral psychology to explain individuals' preference for owning AV over using SAV, built as a latent (subjective) psychometric construct, by three groups of explanatory latent constructs including: (i) desire for searching for benefits, i.e., extrinsic motive manifested in utilitarian beliefs; (ii) tendency towards seeking pleasure and joy, i.e., intrinsic motive reflected in hedonic beliefs; and (iii) attitude towards three configurations of shared mobility, i.e., experience with car and ridesharing, bikesharing, and public transit. Estimated on a sample dataset from the State of California, the findings can shed initial lights on the psychological determinants of the public's attitude towards owning AV versus using SAV, which can furthermore provide policy implications intriguing for policy makers and stakeholders. Of note, the findings reveal the strongest influential factor on preference for AV over SAV as hedonic beliefs reflected in perceived enjoyment. This preference is next affected by utilitarian beliefs, particularly perceived benefit and trust of stranger, followed by attitude towards car and ride sharing. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2309.03283&r=tre |
| By: | Ladjouzi Soumiya (ENSM - Ecole nationale supérieure de management - pôle universitaire Koléa - Ecole nationale supérieure de management - pôle universitaire Koléa); Abbache Mounsif (ENSM - Ecole nationale supérieure de management - pôle universitaire Koléa - Ecole nationale supérieure de management - pôle universitaire Koléa) |
| Abstract: | The study we have conducted concerns the analysis of the digital transformation in the public transport sector. Hence, our problematic was articulated around the presentation of an inventory of fixtures as of the use of electronic payment "Etuspay" in urban public transport (buses) in the Wilaya of Tiaret. In order to do that, we used a quantitative methodthrough a survey of 50 inhabitants of the region. The results obtained show that public transport users adhere to the new "Etus pay" system and that the parameter of trust in this method hardly constitutes an obstacle to its use. |
| Keywords: | Public Transport Electronic Payment Etus Pay Bus Tiaret. JEL Classification Codes: R41 E42, Public Transport, Electronic Payment, Etus Pay, Bus, Tiaret. JEL Classification Codes: R41, E42 |
| Date: | 2023–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04183383&r=tre |
| By: | Sarah Ferehoun (ENSI); Chorouk Drissi El Bouzaidi (UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi); Fadoua Laghzaoui (UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi); Jihad Jamï (UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi) |
| Abstract: | In many cities around the world, public transport faces problems such as congestion, delays, high costs and safety. With the rise of sustainable development, technology and rationalization, mobility management has taken on an increasingly demanding and complex role. The aim of this article is to highlight this gap, seeking to understand how mobility management can reconcile territorial requirements within a sustainable framework. To achieve this, a qualitative study was conducted, taking the case of the city of Marrakech as the most advanced in this field. To do so, observation, document analysis and semi-structured interviews with city authorities were completed. The results have been enabled to highlight the contribution of electric buses and their positive social, economic and ecological impact, as well as the contribution of local authorities' involvement in the sustainable approach through the introduction of electric buses. Based on these results, this paper can serve city managers and the various stakeholders involved in managing transport, as it contributes to enhancing urban mobility. This is why this paper identifies concrete measures analysis the situation of public transport in order to improve urban mobility, in particular by adopting more sustainable transport solutions such as electric buses. |
| Abstract: | Dans de nombreuses villes du monde, le transport public est confronté à des problèmes tels que la congestion, les retards, les coûts élevés et la sécurité. Avec l'avènement des principes du développement durable, de la technologie et de la rationalisation, la gestion de la mobilité est devenue de plus en plus exigeante et complexe. Cet article a pour objectif de traiter cette lacune, en étudiant comment le management de la mobilité peut concilier entre les exigences du territoire et les orientations durables. Pour ce faire, une étude qualitative a été menée en prenant le cas de la ville de Marrakech comme étant la plus avancée en la matière. L'observation, l'analyse des documents et des entretiens semi-directifs avec les responsables de la ville ont été réalisé, les résultats obtenus font ressortir l'apport des bus électriques et leur impact positif sur le volet social, économique et écologique, ainsi que l'apport de l'insertion des collectivités territoriales dans l'approche durable via la mise en place des bus électriques. Sur la base de ces résultats, ce papier met en évidence des recommandations et des pistes concrètes qui peuvent être mises en œuvre pour améliorer la mobilité, en particulier en adoptant des solutions de transport plus durables telles que les bus électriques. |
| Keywords: | Urban mobility, public transport, electric bus, sustainability, Marrakech, Mobilité urbaine, transport public, bus électrique, durabilité |
| Date: | 2023–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04192340&r=tre |
| By: | Thomas Kurian |
| Abstract: | 1 billion people worldwide live over 2 km from a paved road. Consequently, I investi-gate medium-run impacts of rural road construction on structural transformation in India- identifying how responsive such benefits are based on a) external market condi¬tions and b) in-village electrification. I leverage a regression discontinuity design and triple difference strategy, exploiting discontinuities in population-based eligibility and staggered rollout of the Indian PMGSY rural road program- which aimed to provided all-weather road (AWR) connectivity to 115, 000 villages nationwide. I combine the program with a unique natural experiment induced by the US fracking boom, which created a parallel agricultural commodity boom in the price of guar, a crop provid¬ing a necessary fracking input. I compare heterogeneous impacts of AWRs in villages with high and low-intensity exposure to the fracking boom, and separately investigate heterogeneity of roads by village electrification access, exploiting variable implemen-tation intensity of the nationwide RGGVY electrification program. My results im¬ply structural transformation benefits of AWRs are relatively unresponsive to village electrification, whereas external economic conditions can drastically influence these impacts. RD analysis showcases labor reallocation gains from AWRs were entirely concentrated in non-Boom villages- where roads caused a 12.1-7 percentage-point reduction in share of workers employed in agriculture, and 9.2-8 percentage-point in-creased share employed in non-agricultural manual labour. Conversely, AWRs caused significantly reduced (net zero) structural transformation benefits in boom villages. My findings are robust to multiple specification tests, varying electrification levels, and suggest substantial within-village heterogeneity, with largest discrepancies in new labor market entrants. A plausible mechanism is reduced out-migration impacts of AWRs in boom-villages. These results confirm theoretical predictions that local eco¬nomic conditions can drastically influence the impact of infrastructure investments suggesting the need for effective spatial and temporal targeting. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2023-03&r=tre |
| By: | IHARA Ryusuke |
| Abstract: | How does telecommuting affect urban structure? This paper presents a new economic geography (NEG) model with inter-regional commuting. In a two-region model, workers choose their regions of residence and workplaces. Residing outside of the working region increases commuting costs, but reduces housing costs. The widespread use of telework reduces inter-regional commuting costs, which disperses the distribution of residents and promotes the concentration of employment. Such a change in labor distribution can improve social welfare. Applying the model to the Urban Employment Areas in Japan, the following simulation analysis is conducted. First, the values of commuting and transportation costs are calibrated to explain the actual distribution of workers and employment between core and suburban regions. Then, the impact on urban structure of lower commuting costs due to the widespread use of telework is simulated. In addition, the impact of changes in productivity due to the introduction of telework is also examined. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:23064&r=tre |
| By: | Se-il MUN; Lei QIN; Yue ZHOU |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to evaluate empirically how station spacing affects the density along the transit line and the compactness of the urban area. We derive the population density equation as a function of station spacing, based on urban economics model of residential land use. We estimate the population density equation using data for grids in Wuhan, China. Based on the estimated equation, we conduct counterfactual simulations for several cases of station spacing to evaluate the extent to which shorter station spacing contributes to land use compactness. |
| Keywords: | Microcredit; Mass Transit System; Compact land use; Station spacing; Population distribution |
| JEL: | R14 R21 R31 R42 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kue:epaper:e-23-003&r=tre |