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on Transport Economics |
| By: | David Austin |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a simulation model of the markets for light-duty electric vehicles (EVs) and the associated public charging infrastructure, as well as the network interactions between them. It illustrates the model’s attributes by simulating the effects of federal subsidies for public electric vehicle chargers and of an extension of tax credits for electric vehicles. I project that by the early 2030s the charger subsidies, which were signed into law in 2021 as part of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, will have increased the size of the charger network enough |
| JEL: | H23 H54 L98 |
| Date: | 2023–09–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbo:wpaper:58964&r=tre |
| By: | Heike Link; Dennis Gaus; Neil Murray; Maria Fernanda Guajardo Ortega; Flavien Gervois; Frederik von Waldow; Sofia Eigner |
| Abstract: | This paper deals with the data generation process implemented for an analysis of the impact of the 9-Euro ticket on mode choice. We discuss the assumptions made and procedures used to process a raw dataset that is based on GPS traces of individuals’ movements and on survey data into the choice-set for a discrete choice model. Several steps of cleaning and merging are described in order to a) obtain a reliable dataset; b) define available modal alternatives with attributes such as distance, duration, and costs; and c) impute the travel purpose for each movement to form. Our main contribution is to show that a systematic analysis of the sample obtained at different stages of data processing is important to make sure that the final sample is unbiased. Furthermore, we contribute by analysing the difference between observed travel time and travel time calculated by routing tools such as Google Maps. We show that the often- employed approach of estimating RP based choice models on the basis of observed travel times for the chosen mode of transport but calculated travel times for the non-chosen alternatives can introduce a structural bias into the sample. |
| Keywords: | Data processing, travel behaviour, GPS traces, discrete choice models, revealed preferences |
| JEL: | C55 C81 R41 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2047&r=tre |
| By: | Schandl, Franziska (Regensburg University); Hudecek, Matthias F. C. |
| Abstract: | Autonomous driving has gained increasing attention in recent years and is already beginning to make its first steps into our daily road traffic [2, 3]. Pilot projects are underway worldwide in which artificial intelligence (AI) replaces humans as drivers. In just a few years, autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to account for 50 % of new vehicles [4]. In this wake, a huge research field has opened around autonomous driving. In recent years, in addition to technical feasibility, the focus has increasingly been on factors that contribute to humans' successful adoption of AVs. The person of the user with his or her individual perception and personality is a crucial adjusting screw for the successful establishment of AVs. In this context, potential uncertainties, worries, and fears regarding new, largely unknown technologies such as AVs also play an important role [5]. The degree of anxiety with which a person encounters AVs can be crucial for the ultimate use and success of this development [6]. Although findings on the positive relationship between anxiety and AV acceptance have been confirmed, results are still inconsistent. Recent findings even suggest that high trait anxiety has a positive effect on AV acceptance [7]. One possible explanation for this finding is that the more anxious people are, the more they value the possibility of giving up control in AVs. However, this assumption has not yet been examined. To better understand anxiety as an essential factor for the acceptance of autonomous vehicles, we investigate in this study the relationship between trait anxiety and acceptance in the context of fear of giving up control. We also focus on to whom control is handed over: the driver in the normal bus or the AI in the autonomous bus. With our findings, we aim to contribute to the successful establishment of AVs. |
| Date: | 2023–08–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:r2ug5&r=tre |
| By: | Yuting Bai; Shuo Wang; Hongxu Zhang |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how transport infrastructure affects GDP growth by reducing trade costs. Our empirical analysis confirms that improving transport infrastructure quality lowers trade costs, and we estimate the elasticity of trade costs relative to transport infrastructure quality. Specifically, a 1% improvement in average transport infrastructure quality between an emerging and a developed economy can reduce bilateral trade costs by up to 0.71%. To estimate the net effect of changes in infrastructure on GDP growth via trade cost, we used the Computational General Equilibrium framework. Our results demonstrate significant potential for improving GDP growth in different groups of countries based on economic development (i.e., developing countries, emerging countries, and developed countries). We identify and examine the broader implications of transport infrastructure development for the global economy. |
| Keywords: | transport, infrastructure, growth, markets |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lan:wpaper:389127674&r=tre |
| By: | Nilsson, Jan-Eric (Swedish National Road & Transport Research Institute (VTI)); Odolinski, Kristofer (Swedish National Road & Transport Research Institute (VTI)); Nyström, Johan (NYFOU) |
| Abstract: | One of the consequences of the institutional separation of railway infrastructure from train operations in Europe is a misalignment of incentives in which the actions of one party may create costs for the other. To internalise otherwise external costs of track-works experienced by train operators and customers, it is essential to reform the way in which project contracts are tendered. This study suggests a self-selection mechanism for tendering rail infrastructure activities. Bidders may therefore submit bids based on the industry’s standard Unit Price Contract or a Fixed-Price Contract. The mechanism is designed to increase the possibility for a welfare maximising trade-off between construction and user costs. Using standard Benefit-Cost principles and parameter values, a case study where five switches are replaced provides substance to the discussion. The study provides a starting point for addressing risk in the construction industry and a blueprint for further development by professionals to fill in gaps and to test the approach under a controlled format before full-scale implementation. |
| Keywords: | Procurement; Risk; Rail infrastructure; Vertical separation; Delay fee; Unit price contract; Fixed-price contract |
| JEL: | H57 R42 R48 |
| Date: | 2023–09–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:vtiwps:2023_010&r=tre |
| By: | Laliotis, Ioannis; Moscelli, Giuseppe; Monastiriotis, Vassilis |
| Abstract: | We investigate how exogenous variation in daylight caused by Daylight Saving Time affects road safety as measured by the count of vehicle crashes. We use administrative daily data from Greece covering the universe of all types of recorded vehicle accidents during the 2006–2016 period. Our regression discontinuity estimates support an ambient light mechanism that reduces the counts of serious vehicle accidents during the Spring transition and increases the count of minor ones during the Fall transition. The effects are driven from the hour intervals that are mostly affected from seasonal clock changes. We then discuss the potential cost implications of those seasonal transitions. In light of the talks about abolishing seasonal clock changes in the European Union (EU), our findings are policy relevant and can inform the public debate as empirical evidence for the block is scarce. |
| Keywords: | daylight saving time; regression discontinuity; vehicle accidents |
| JEL: | I12 I18 R41 |
| Date: | 2023–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:119374&r=tre |
| By: | Sylvain Béal (Université de Franche-Comté, CRESE, F-25000 Besançon, France); Adriana Navarro-Ramos (Université de Saint-Etienne, GATE Lyon Saint-Etienne UMR 5824, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France); Eric Rémila (Université de Saint-Etienne, GATE Lyon Saint-Etienne UMR 5824, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France); Philippe Solal (Université de Saint-Etienne, GATE Lyon Saint-Etienne UMR 5824, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France) |
| Abstract: | We consider the cost sharing issue resulting from the maintenance of a hazardous waste transportation network represented by a sink tree. The participating agents are located on the nodes of the network and must transport their waste to the sink through costly network portions. We introduce the Liability rule, which is inspired by the principles applied by the courts to settle cost-allocation disputes in the context of hazardous waste. We provide an axiomatic characterization of this rule. Furthermore, we show that the Liability rule coincides with the Priority Shapley value, a new allocation rule on an appropriate class of multi-choice games arising from hazardous waste transportation problems. Finally, we also axiomatize the Priority Shapley value on the full domain of multi-choice games. |
| Keywords: | Hazardous waste, transportation network, Liability rule, Priority Shapley value, multi- choice games |
| JEL: | C71 Q53 R42 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crb:wpaper:2023-04&r=tre |
| By: | Tsanko, Ilona |
| Abstract: | I study the impact of subsidies for Plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) on carbon emissions. I show that subsidizing innovations without considering consumer behavior can harm the environment. I provide descriptive evidence on charging instances of PHEV and combine it with a structural model of demand for new passenger vehicles to evaluate the market outcomes had subsidies for PHEV not been in place. I show that PHEV subsidies were used by consumers to purchase larger and heavier vehicles and that consumers of PHEV seldom charge their vehicle. Taking into account the observed consumer behavior, I find that the elimination of subsidies for PHEV would have led to a yearly reduction of 167, 139 tons of carbon emissions which are equivalent to the yearly carbon emissions 52, 916 households emit due to energy consumption. |
| Keywords: | Environmental regulation, Substitution, Carbon emissions, Automobiles, Demand estimation |
| JEL: | D12 H23 H71 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:23033&r=tre |
| By: | Dennis Gaus; Georg Hirte |
| Abstract: | As research indicates a gap between complex scientific measures of accessibility and simpler proxies used by firms, this paper analyses the impact of several market access indicators on the location decision of firms. It compares the role of inter- and intra-industry agglomeration as proxies of access with a newly developed gravity-based indicator incorporating transport distances and industry relations. The estimation results of a nested mixed multinomial logit model, based on a sample of 110, 083 German firms, provide evidence that agglomeration effects play an essential role in firms’ location choice, whereas the complex market access measure does not have a significant impact. This outcome holds true for large as well as small and medium sized enterprises and is confirmed in several robustness checks. Thus, the paper provides guidance to further research on companies’ location decisions, highlighting that access indicators should be chosen specifically for the scientific context, as well as to firms to make more efficient location choices from the perspective of market access. |
| Keywords: | Transportation, accessibility, location choice, agglomeration, market access |
| JEL: | L14 O18 R12 R32 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2045&r=tre |