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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Khammo, Faye (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | We use individual-level panel data from Australia and a novel fixed-effect instrumental variable approach to estimate the causal effect of housing cost on five measures of household transportation; work commute time, relocation, and the respective expenditure share on motor vehicle fuel, public transport and taxi, and total transportation. The instrumental variable exploits arguably exogenous variation in housing costs induced by foreign investments that flow differentially into regions according to the past geographical distribution of immigrants. We find that rises in housing costs, measured by the composite opportunity costs faced by representative renters and owners living in an area, increase an individual’s work commute time and the probability of relocation, and lead to a shift in the individual’s expenditure away from fuel towards public transportation. |
| Keywords: | Housing cost ; Transportation cost ; Commute time ; Household relocation ; Transportation expenditure ; Transportation mode JEL classifications: R20 ; R21 ; R40 ; F21 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:wrkesp:44&r=tre |
| By: | GALARZA MONTENEGRO, Bryan David; SÖRENSEN, Kenneth; VANSTEENWEGEN, Pieter |
| Abstract: | Public transportation out of suburban or rural areas is crucial. Feeder transportation services offer a solution by transporting passengers to areas where more options for public transport are available. On one hand, fully flexible demand-responsive feeder services efficiently tailor their service to the needs of the passengers. On the other hand, traditional feeder services provide predictability and easier cost control. In this paper, a semi-flexible demand-responsive feeder service is considered, which combines positive characteristics of both traditional services as well as fully flexible services. This feeder service has two types of bus stops: mandatory bus stops and optional bus stops. Mandatory bus stops are guaranteed to be visited by a bus within a certain time interval. Optional stops are only visited when there is demand for transportation nearby. The performance of this feeder service is optimized with the use of a heuristic that combines elements of different metaheuristic frameworks. Experimental results on small benchmark instances indicate that the heuristic performs on average 12.42% better than LocalSolver, a commercial optimization solver, with an average runtime of 2.1s. Larger instances can also be solved, typically within two minutes. |
| Keywords: | Meta-heuristics, Public bus transport, Feeder service, Demand-responsive transportation |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ant:wpaper:2023001&r=tre |
| By: | Bilas, Angeline (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the impact of car sharing services (GoGet and Flexicar) on transport equity in Melbourne and Brisbane, Australia, including two lower socio-economic regions of Melbourne. The results show evidence of strong latent demand for car sharing services in these areas, indicating the potential for car sharing to improve access to transport and transport equity for disadvantaged communities. The study also finds that the main barriers to the adoption of car sharing were lack of availability, cost and lack of awareness. The findings suggest that expanding car sharing services could improve transport equity outcomes in low socio-economic areas. |
| Keywords: | car sharing ; transport equity ; low socio-economic regions JEL classifications: N7 ; N77 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:wrkesp:52&r=tre |
| By: | Norman-Lopez, Ana; Wojtowicz, Krzysztof; Garaffa, Rafael; Tamba, Marie |
| Abstract: | In the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) data base (Aguiar et al., 2019), transport sectors (air, land and maritime) are too aggregated for modelling transport policies for specific modes (aviation/rail/road) and operations (passenger/freight). This limitation is already recognised in the literature, with a number of studies focusing on data quality and transport analysis (e.g., Karkatsoulis et al., 2017, Nuno-Ledesma and Villoria, 2019, Robson et al., 2018). This study splits the air and maritime sectors into two sectors each (air passenger, air freight, water passenger, water freight) and the land transport sectors into four new sectors (road passenger, road freight, rail passenger and rail freight). Our contribution to the literature is an open discussion of the data available paying particular attention to GTAP’s structure, and a step by step procedure on how to split the transport sectors and the data we use. Finally, this paper will discuss baseline projections of the disaggregated transport components. Our methodology to split GTAP database is a simple RAS method, which is used twice (separately for each aggregated sector and each region): first to disaggregate the cost structure of a sector and then to disaggregate its use (sales). We run RAS starting with an already aggregated GTAP database (35 sectors and 49 regions), but the method can be applied to any other dimensions. |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333415&r=tre |
| By: | Barajas, Jesus; Wang, Weijing |
| Abstract: | Rural residents face significant mobility challenges because travel destinations are far, opportunities like jobs and access to essential needs are limited, and rural roadways are more dangerous than their urban counterparts. These challenges are exacerbated when households have limited or no access to a vehicle because other transportation options are often expensive, inconvenient, or nonexistent. The confluence of not having access to a vehicle and living in rural areas is often associated with increased social isolation and difficulties in conducting basic activities like grocery shopping and accessing health care. Researchers at UC Davis used US Census microdata to describe socioeconomic and mobility characteristics of carless households and residents in rural California and conducted interviews to understand the barriers to access and travel adaptations among individuals who have limited access to a vehicle. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, rural communities, disadvantaged communities, car-less households, mobility justice |
| Date: | 2023–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9bk401q1&r=tre |
| By: | Anuradha Singh; Jyoti Yadav; Sarahana Shrestha; Aparna S. Varde |
| Abstract: | This is a study on the potential widespread usage of alternative fuel vehicles, linking them with the socio-economic status of the respective consumers as well as the impact on the resulting air quality index. Research in this area aims to leverage machine learning techniques in order to promote appropriate policies for the proliferation of alternative fuel vehicles such as electric vehicles with due justice to different population groups. Pearson correlation coefficient is deployed in the modeling the relationships between socio-economic data, air quality index and data on alternative fuel vehicles. Linear regression is used to conduct predictive modeling on air quality index as per the adoption of alternative fuel vehicles, based on socio-economic factors. This work exemplifies artificial intelligence for social good. |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2303.08286&r=tre |
| By: | Palm, Matthew; Allen, Jeff (University of Toronto); Farber, Steven |
| Abstract: | This study analyses shift work commuting. We ask: who works evening and night shifts, how do they commute, and how does working these shifts impact activity participation and wellbeing? We answer these questions using two national datasets. Our results offer four overarching findings. First, we find significant demographic differences along lines of race, poverty status, immigration, and household type, differences reflecting occupational segregation. Black, Filipino, South Asian, and Indigenous commuters are significantly overrepresented. Second, evening and night shift workers are more likely to commute as car passengers or by bus or walking. Third, we find limited evidence that shift workers make fewer overall trips throughout the day. Fourth, we find that while shift workers have significantly lower life satisfaction, auto ownership may ameliorate this impact. In light of these results, we conclude that improving the transport situation for shift-workers is essential to advancing both wellbeing and transportation justice. |
| Date: | 2023–03–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:uy96s&r=tre |
| By: | Ross Mckitrick (Department of Economics and Finance, University of Guelph, Guelph ON Canada) |
| Abstract: | Like many jurisdictions, Canada has set a target of 2035 to eliminate sales of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in favour of electric vehicles (EVs), for the purpose of reducing greenhouse gases. Past literature has focused on the engineering and economic aspects of integrating EVs into the passenger transportation system. Herein I examine the implications for the ICEV market of a phased-in EV mandate. I show using partial equilibrium analysis that, during the interval when both types of cars are available, auto companies will overproduce EVs and earn scarcity rents on ICEVs that partially offset the revenue loss from the mandate. I then present a numerical general equilibrium model of the Canadian economy to assess the macroeconomic consequences of banning ICEVs. The results depend critically on the pace at which EVs achieve cost parity with ICEVs on a quality-adjusted basis. An EV mandate will have temporary but manageable economic consequences if technology improves so rapidly that the mandate is effectively unnecessary. But if the mandate outpaces achievement of cost parity the economic consequences will be quite severe and make it unlikely the policy could be maintained. For example it would likely cause the auto manufacturing sector to shut down. The analysis also provides insight into why automakers have been so willing up to now to develop EV product lines even though they have long lost money on them and expect to continue doing so. |
| Keywords: | Electric vehicles, climate policy, computable general equilibrium model. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gue:guelph:2023-01&r=tre |
| By: | Wang, Zhan; Martha, Geraldo; Liu, Jing; De Lima, Cicero Zanetti; Hertel, Thomas |
| Abstract: | Transportation cost has played an increasingly important role in Brazil agriculture, as the agricultural production frontier expands to inland area with less developed transportation network. High transportation cost would result in less agricultural profitability, which further reduces input use and causes lower yield. To deal with this problem, Brazil has set ambitious plan on improving transportation infrastructure, but its impact on agricultural production and deforestation remains unknown. To research the implications of transportation cost for Brazil agriculture and environment, we developed an innovation method of estimating transportation cost on spatial level for Brazil, and research the impact of projected transportation cost reduction with a grid-resolving partial equilibrium model on Brazilian agriculture, on national, state level and spatial level. Results indicates that the reduction of transportation cost causes moderate increase in both crop production and cropland expansion. However, that impact shows strong variance on State level, causing concentration of input allocations and output production to states of Mato Grosso and Bahia. Finally, spatial pattern within each state are also identified, which would contribute to local-targeted agricultural and transportation policy making. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333501&r=tre |
| By: | van Beek, Andries (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research); Groote Schaarsberg, Mirjam; Borm, Peter (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research); Hamers, Herbert (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research); Veneman, Mattijs |
| Keywords: | industrial decarbonization; regional CO2 transport hubs; multi-actor infrastructure; cost allocation |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiucen:4f99c444-6676-4887-b7b8-5f9413b4b9a2&r=tre |