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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Dessouky, Maged; Mahtab, Zuhayer |
| Abstract: | Traffic congestion is a significant problem in major metropolitan areas in the United States. According to the Urban Mobility Report, in 2019 commuters on average lost about 54 hours in traffic congestion. To combat this, major infrastructure projects have been undertaken. However, expansion projects cannot keep up with the increase in usage of personal vehicles and thus fail to address the traffic congestion problem. Carpool ridesharing has shown some promise in combatting this traffic congestion problem. In this system, the drivers are regular commuters who take detours to pick up and drop off passengers to decrease their transportation costs. This system increases the efficiency of the transportation system by providing flexible commutes to people, thus reducing the need for each commuter to use their own personal vehicle. The researchers developed three approaches to rideshare routing. The researchers conducted a computational study using a San Francisco taxicab dataset to determine the effectiveness of the three approaches. To show the impact of flexible meeting points, the researchers also conducted experimental simulations with and without walking and performed sensitivity analyses. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Dynamic programming, Mixed integer programming, Origin and destination, Ridesharing, Routing, Travel time, Waiting time |
| Date: | 2023–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt90g88330&r=tre |
| By: | Colner, Jonathan P.; Cohen D’Agostino, Mollie |
| Abstract: | Congestion pricing is a vehicle tolling system that imposes fees to drive within a congested area, typically a downtown district. Cities that already have congestion pricing policies in place have been studied extensively. Notable examples are Singapore, London, Stockholm, Milan, and Gothenburg. These cities have appreciated a range of benefits from congestion pricing, including reductions in peak traffic, vehicle miles traveled, and emissions, as well as increased revenues for transportation investments. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2023–03–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4q87j713&r=tre |
| By: | Phillips, Willard; Nicholson, George; Alleyne, Antonio; Alfonso, Maurys |
| Abstract: | As the Caribbean subregion seeks to implement strategies for meeting its obligations under the Paris Agreement, the sustainable development of its land transportation subsector has emerged as a significant challenge. This relates to both the need to reduce green house gas emissions, for which the subsector is a major emitter, as well as the necessity for reducing its overall dependence on imported fossil energy. While several policy initiatives have sought to address these issues, the evidence of growing land transportation problems now motivates a closer examination of challenges in the subsector. Among the main issues are increasing motor vehicle concentrations in small island spaces and growing traffic congestion arising from increased private motor vehicle ownership. All of these factors operate to produce economic, social and environmental burdens such as growing imports of vehicles, fuel and spare parts; increased motor vehicle accidents and mortality; and socially deviant behaviors such as road rage. Given the pivotal role of transportation in the advancement of economies and society, this paper suggests policy options for improving land transportation efficiency and sustainability in the Caribbean. This study also seeks to add to the very limited literature related to the issue of land transportation in Small Island Developing States. |
| Keywords: | TRANSPORTE, TRANSPORTE SOSTENIBLE, TRANSPORTE POR CARRETERA, POLITICA DE TRANSPORTE, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, PEQUEÑOS ESTADOS INSULARES EN DESARROLLO, TRANSPORT, SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT, ROAD TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT POLICY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES |
| Date: | 2023–02–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col033:48725&r=tre |
| By: | Stuart Donovan (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Thomas de Graaff (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Henri L.F. de Groot (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | Using commuting data for Brisbane, Australia, we find that accounting for measurement error in travel times causes the magnitude of parameters in mode and location choice models to increase approximately three-fold and 30–40%, respectively. Errors appear to be somewhat systematic, with travel times being underestimated for short journeys and vice versa for long journeys—especially by public transport. We find similar results when we use alternative transport cost measures and independent commuting data from London. Our findings are likely to have important implications for transport and land use policy as well as the many types of economic models in which travel times—and transport costs, more generally—occupy a central role. |
| Keywords: | mode choice, location choice, travel times, measurement error, Australia |
| JEL: | C13 R14 R41 |
| Date: | 2023–03–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20230011&r=tre |
| By: | David R. Agrawal; Weihua Zhao |
| Abstract: | Ride-hailing applications create new challenges for governments providing transit services, but also create new opportunities to raise tax revenue. To shed light on the effect of taxing or subsidizing ride-hailing applications, we extend a pseudo-monocentric city model to include multiple endogenously chosen transportation modes, including ride-hailing applications and endogenous car ownership. We show that most tax and spending programs that cities have currently adopted mildly increase public transit usage. However, the model predicts more significant increases in public transit ridership when ride-hailing applications are subsidized as a “last-mile” provider. Our model indicates that whether ride-hailing services and public transit are substitutes or complements is a policy choice. |
| Keywords: | ride-hailing, taxation, public transit, traffic congestion, optimal tolls |
| JEL: | C60 H25 H71 L88 L98 R41 R51 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10313&r=tre |
| By: | Eduardo Cardadeiro; João E. Gata |
| Abstract: | During the past several months, passenger air transport has been recovering from its significant retraction during the two years Covid pandemics. If the recent significant drop in air traffic due do the Covid pandemics acted as an external mitigating factor to airport traffic congestion in several major airports around the world, with the post-pandemics air traffic recovery it is likely that airport capacity will, once again, fall short of demand and not keep pace with the growth in air traffic. That is why close to two hundred major airports worldwide, most of them in Europe, face capacity constraints and are “coordinated”. Eurocontrol predicts Europe's capacity shortage in 2050 at 500, 000 flights/year in the baseline scenario, which could rise to 2.7 million in an optimistic scenario. The allocation of airport slots in Europe and elsewhere is still ruled by administrative processes, based on the IATA (International Air Transport Association) Worldwide Airport Slot Guidelines (WASG), which follow historical precedence and time adjustments of historical slots. Market mechanisms in slot allocation, as an alternative to administrative processes, are still rarely used. Several authors have highlighted the inefficiency of the current airport slot administrative allocation system, based on the IATA’s Guidelines. Several authors have suggested improvements in this administrative system, such as congestion pricing mechanisms and other market mechanisms involving auction procedures. Among the various auction mechanisms, scoring auctions and the PAUSE methodology have been suggested in the literature. In this paper, and following our previous work, we explore and extend the application of the PAUSE auction mechanism with bidding based on a score function for the auctioneer, that includes another variable in addition to the total revenue, where this variable can represent e.g., quality of the service provided. We study the application of this auction mechanism, in a gradual fashion, p.e. to the year round three level 3 international airports operating in Portugal. The different airlines using these airports would still follow the current IATA slot allocation guidelines in their use of other airports, including the slot exchange protocols. We show that some of PAUSE auction mechanism’s desirable properties, such as computability, transparency, absence of envy, and the mitigation of the “price-jump problem”, “threshold problem”, “exposure problem”, and “winner’s curse problem”, still hold. |
| Keywords: | Scoring auctions, PAUSE, air travel, airport slot, IATA slot allocation guidelines, market-based allocation mechanism, combinatorial auctions, score function, secondary market. |
| JEL: | D44 D47 L93 R41 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp02602023&r=tre |
| By: | Wang, Xize (National University of Singapore); Renne, John L. |
| Abstract: | Using the 2017 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), this study analyzes America's urban travel trends compared with earlier nationwide travel surveys, and examines the variations in travel behaviors among a range of socioeconomic groups. The most noticeable trend for the 2017 NHTS is that although private automobiles continue to be the dominant travel mode in American cities, the share of car trips has slightly and steadily decreased since its peak in 2001. In contrast, the share of transit, non-motorized, and taxicab (including ride-hailing) trips has steadily increased. Besides this overall trend, there are important variations in travel behaviors across income, home ownership, ethnicity, gender, age, and life-cycle stages. Although the trends in transit development, shared mobility, e-commerce, and lifestyle changes offer optimism about American cities becoming more multimodal, policymakers should consider these differences in socioeconomic factors and try to provide more equitable access to sustainable mobility across different socioeconomic groups. |
| Date: | 2023–02–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:cdw2y&r=tre |
| By: | Venkataram, Prahsanth S; Flynn, Justin A; Circella, Giovanni; Sperling, Daniel |
| Abstract: | A significant fraction of people with disabilities in the United States of America (US) do not drive, and these people disproportionately use public transit and paratransit services compared to drivers with disabilities. Substantial research exists regarding not only the ease for people with disabilities to use public transit and paratransit services but also the availability of such services and the availability of nearby pedestrian infrastructure. However, much less research exists regarding the effects of shared micromobility services, car-free areas, and consolidation of public transit services on the mobility of people with disabilities. This systems-level thinking about not only first-order effects but also second- and higher-order effects is critical for the development of policies that more effectively address the mobility needs of people with disabilities. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2023–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1jc653r5&r=tre |
| By: | Lu, Hongyu; Rodgers, Michael O; Guensler, Randall |
| Abstract: | This white paper summarizes the development of MOVES-Matrix 3.0 based on EPA’s latest MOVES model known as MOVES3 (version 3.0.4). The research team updated the programs to account for changes in data structures and source sub-types and applied the same conceptual design used in MOVES-Matrix 2.0. The review of the MOVES3 and MOVES 2014b databases indicated a finer definition of the regions in terms of the unique combinations of fuel supply regions vs. Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) programs, with 40 fuel scenarios and 87 I/M scenarios in MOVES3 and 22 fuel scenarios and 84 I/M scenarios in MOVES 2014b. The increased number of fuel scenarios is due to the increased number of formulation regions and the one-to-many corresponding relationship between counties vs. fuel formulation regions by year. A total of 122 regions are defined in MOVES3 compared with 109 regions in MOVES 2014b, and the team anticipates at least 10% more running time to generate matrices for MOVES3, given the larger number of regions and the more complicated source type VSP/STP variables. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Motor Vehicle Emission Rate Modeling, Motor Vehicle Energy Use Modeling, MOVES2014, MOVES3, MOVES-Matrix |
| Date: | 2023–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt7qd6w47w&r=tre |
| By: | Andrew Seltzer; Jonathan Wadsworth |
| Abstract: | The advent of commuting in 1930s London opened up opportunities to working-class people. Andrew Seltzer and Jonathan Wadsworth show how public transport boosts the labour market. |
| Keywords: | Economic geography, Technological change, labour market, UK Economy, Wages, Social mobility |
| Date: | 2023–02–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepcnp:6444&r=tre |
| By: | André de Palma; Zhi-Chun Li; De-Ping Yu (Université de Cergy-Pontoise, THEMA) |
| Abstract: | We propose an analytically solvable model for the residential location choices of heterogeneous households in a linear monocentric city corridor with bottleneck congestion. Residents have heterogeneous income, and make a joint choice of residential location and departure time. There is a bottleneck with a fixed or with a stochastic location between central downtown and adjacent suburb of the city. The urban system equilibrium and the effects of bottleneck capacity expansion on the city system are analytically investigated, together with the design of the bottleneck capacity. We show that the residents spatially sort themselves along the city corridor from CBD outward in a descending order of their values of time. Expanding bottleneck capacity leads to an increase in the commuting costs of the downtown residents but a decrease in the commuting costs of the suburban residents. All residents of the city benefit from the bottleneck capacity expansion, with the highest benefit for the relatively mid-income residents, and the lowest benefit for the lowest-income or the highest-income residents, depending on the status quo of the bottleneck capacity. Expanding the bottleneck capacity leads to urban sprawl, and a decrease in total net land rent. Ignoring the effects of the bottleneck capacity expansion on the urban spatial structure overestimates the social surplus. The bottleneck location's stochasticity smoothes the residential distribution, increases the system's transportation cost, and decreases household utility and social surplus. |
| Keywords: | Residential location choice, linear monocentric city, heterogeneous residents, stochastic bottleneck, bottleneck capacity expansion |
| JEL: | R13 R14 R41 R42 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ema:worpap:2023-01&r=tre |
| By: | Mathieu Lambotte; Sandrine Mathy; Anna Risch; Carole Treibich |
| Abstract: | We investigate the role of peer effects at the work place on the individual choice of transportation mode. We collect original data through an online survey on networks and sustainable behaviors among 334 individuals working in ten laboratories of the University of Grenoble Alps in February 2020. Using a linear-in-means model for binary outcomes and distinguishing endogenous and exogenous peer effects, correlated effects and network endogeneity, we find that peers have a significant and positive effect on individual active transportation mode’s choice. We show that in our setting, a simulated policy or intervention would be almost twice more effective in spreading active transportation mode through social spillover effects if it targets key players rather than random individuals. |
| Keywords: | Peer Effects, Social Network, Workplace, Transportation Choice, Key Players |
| JEL: | D91 R41 C31 |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gbl:wpaper:2022-02&r=tre |
| By: | Mats Petter Kahl (Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre) |
| Abstract: | In this article, I analyze whether German gasoline stations passed on the gasoline tax reduction to consumers. I use a difference-in-differences approach with France as the control group, as well as data for all countries in the European Union. The German fuel discount was in effect from June to August 2022. It was intensely debated in the general public whether German gasoline stations had increased prices before the tax reduction. Such a price increase would have made it easier for gasoline stations to disguise a price increase. Further questions follow: How long did it take for the full tax reduction to be passed on to consumers? Did gasoline stations reduce the pass-on after a few weeks? As I am the first to use complete French and German high-frequency data for the entire treatment period, I can examine how the pass-through of the tax cut evolved over time. I find substantial variance in pass-through rates over time. The average pass-through is very high but remains incomplete for all fuel types. |
| Keywords: | pass-through, gasoline market, tax reduction, fuel taxes, petrol prices |
| JEL: | H22 L13 L41 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lue:wpaper:419&r=tre |