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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Peter Haan; Adrián Santonja; Aleksandar Zaklan |
| Abstract: | We evaluate German purchase subsidies for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) using data on new vehicle registrations in Germany during 2015-2022. We account for confounding time trends and interacting EU-level CO2 standards using neighboring countries as a control group. The program was cost-ineffective, as only 40% of BEV and 25% of PHEV registrations were subsidy-induced, and had strong distributional effects, with greater uptake in wealthier and greener counties. The implied abatement cost of 870 euro per ton of CO2 for BEVs and 2, 470 euro for PHEVs suggests that subsidies to PHEVs were especially cost-ineffective. |
| Keywords: | Decarbonizing road transport, electric mobility, purchase subsidies, policy effectiveness, distributional effects of climate policy |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 H23 R48 |
| Date: | 2023–02–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0011&r=tre |
| By: | Jaller, Miguel; Otero, Carlos |
| Abstract: | Researchers at the University of California, Davis developed a logistics decision-support tool that facilitates the joint routing of pick-ups and deliveries for cooperating entities to reduce environmental impacts and transport costs. The researchers implemented the tool in several hypothetical case studies to better understand the impact of joint routing and zero-emission vehicle policies on transport companies. The tool quantifies the cost and emissions savings from coordinated operations (pick-up and delivery) by estimating reduced fleet requirements and improved utilization factors. Additionally, the tool can consider the technical specifications (e.g., payload, range) and requirements (e.g., charging/fueling) of zero-emission vehicles. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2023–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt51f3p8r0&r=tre |
| By: | Kendall, Alissa; Dayemo, Kristi; Helal, Nadiyah; Iskakov, Galym; Pares, Francisco; Slattery, Margaret; Fulton, Lewis |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, life cycle analysis, policy, social impact, global impact |
| Date: | 2023–03–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt7m2536mp&r=tre |
| By: | Flynn, Justin A.; Circella, Giovanni; Venkataram, Prashanth S. |
| Abstract: | People with disabilities travel less than their peers without disabilities. Much research about the travel patterns of people with disabilities focuses on problems they experience with specific transportation modes, under the assumption that fixing those specific problems is enough to fully include people with disabilities in the broader world. This doesn’t account for the connections of different transportation modes to land use patterns, and it presumes what people with disabilities want without asking them. This project aims to understand the extent to which disability may affect the choices and desires that people have for transportation mode usage frequencies, activity frequencies, and neighborhood features. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Disability, transportation, focus group, survey, mix |
| Date: | 2023–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt149741f5&r=tre |
| By: | Robin Lindsey; Ioannis Tikoudis; Katherine Hassett |
| Abstract: | This report takes stock of scientific findings to date regarding the distributional effects of policies discouraging car use in urban areas. These policies include cordon tolls, distance-based charges, fuel taxes, parking measures and public transport subsidies. The report describes the mechanisms responsible for the distributional effects of these policies and offers insights regarding how such policies can be designed to minimise adverse equity outcomes. It also provides recommendations regarding the design and procedural modifications that standard instruments require in order to be more acceptable to the public and to governments. Finally, it identifies a number of issues that warrant further research in the pursuit of greater equity in the outcomes of urban road transport policies. |
| Keywords: | environmental externalities, fuel tax, income distribution, inequality, road pricing |
| JEL: | D63 H23 Q52 Q54 R40 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–03–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:211-en&r=tre |
| By: | Arslan, A.M.; Agatz, N.A.H.; Srour, F.J. |
| Abstract: | Designated driver services use company vehicles to deliver drivers to customers. The drivers then drive the customers from their origins to their destinations in the customers’ own cars; at the destinations the drivers are picked up by a company vehicle. We typically see teams of drivers assigned to company vehicles serving customers. When, however, the drivers may be dropped off by one vehicle and picked up by another, a challenging, novel pick-up and delivery problem arises. In this paper, we introduce two formulations to solve this problem to optimality using a general purpose solver. In particular, we present a three-index and a two- index mixed integer program formulation to generate optimal, least-cost routes for the company vehicles and drivers. Using these MIPs, we find that the two-index formulation outperforms the three-index formulations by solving more instances to optimality within a given run time limit. Our computational experiments also show that up to 60% cost savings are possible from using a flexible operating strategy as compared to a strategy in which drivers and company vehicles stay together throughout a shift. |
| Keywords: | routing, dial-a-ride, pickup and delivery problem, designated driver services, routing with precedence |
| Date: | 2023–02–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ems:eureri:137161&r=tre |
| By: | Flynn, Justin A.; Circella, Giovanni; Venkataram, Prashanth S. |
| Abstract: | People with disabilities often encounter more and different problems with transportation compared to their socioeconomic peers without disabilities, but their desires for transportation mode choices, usage frequencies, activity frequencies, and neighborhood features have been poorly understood. The authors have begun to rectify those deficiencies with this study, developed in close cooperation with disability advocacy organizations (DAOs). The authors conducted a focus group in 2021 November involving 20 adults with various disabilities across California, including rural, suburban, and urban parts of the major coastal metropolitan areas as well as areas in the interior of the state. Focus group participants’ comments evinced a broad theme of problems for people with disabilities arising from car-oriented land use patterns, as they asked for more street lighting, seating, and shade, more frequent public transit service with more geographic coverage, and similar support for infrequent yet critical longer-distance trips. Based on focus group participants’ suggestions and pre-testing as well as feedback from DAOs, the authors developed a survey of adults across California to capture how disability affects the choices and desires that people make for transportation mode frequencies, activity frequencies, and neighborhood features. The survey collected nearly 2, 000 cleaned responses, reflecting the diversity in disability, geography, and socioeconomic conditions in California. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Disability, transportation, focus group, survey, mix |
| Date: | 2023–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0340w08s&r=tre |
| By: | Jonathan V. Hall; John J. Horton; Daniel T. Knoepfle |
| Abstract: | Following Uber-initiated fare increases, drivers make more money per trip and, initially, more per hour-worked. Drivers begin to work more hours. However, this increase in hours-worked—combined with a reduction in demand from a higher fare—has a business stealing effect, with drivers spending a smaller fraction of working hours transporting passengers. This market adjustment brings the hourly earnings rate back to about the rate that prevailed before the fare increase, in roughly two months. Passengers are partially compensated for higher prices by shorter wait times, but during the period covered by our data, fare increases likely reduced passenger welfare. |
| JEL: | J01 R4 R41 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30883&r=tre |
| By: | Hubert BONIN |
| Abstract: | A strong North-South economic development trend led colonial Africa into transatlantic and transmediterranean maritime transport networks. Shipping and logistics companies became essential tools. Port investment programs have succeeded each other to provide the empire, in Africa and Metropolitan France, with trade bases capable of supporting the growth of import-export trade. |
| Keywords: | colonial Africa, maritime transportation, ports, logistics, overseas power. |
| JEL: | F54 F14 N77 N87 O55 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grt:bdxewp:2023-01&r=tre |
| By: | Nloga Etoundi (Ministère des Transports) |
| Abstract: | In the port context, the costs of stopover and cargo handling are bound to the stopping times. When these are well controlled, they constitute the element of the operational performance of the ports whose any failure would lengthen the transit time and would inevitably increase port passage costs. In spite of a global context favorable to the expansion of maritime traffic, would a variation in port costs have a significant effect on the commercial performance of ports via their level of traffic? Our research aims to assess the existing interferences between port passage costs and operational and commercial performances, in the case of the port of Douala. A two-phase methodological approach allows firstly, in the light of the facts, to establish that the infrastructural constraints of certain ports such as that of Douala, are such as to prolong the time spent by ships at the port, which increases port costs; secondly, it is about the analysis of the possible significance of the relationship between port costs (variable x) and the level of traffic (variable y). |
| Abstract: | Dans le contexte portuaire, les coûts d'escale et de manutention des cargaisons sont liés aux temps d'escale. Lorsque ces derniers sont bien maîtrisés, ils constituent l'élément de la performance opérationnelle des ports dont, toute défaillance allongerait les délais de transit et augmenterait inéluctablement les coûts de passage portuaire. En dépit d'un contexte mondial favorable à l'expansion du trafic maritime, une variation des coûts portuaires aurait-elle un effet significatif sur la performance commerciale des ports via leur niveau de trafic ? Notre recherche a pour objectif d'apprécier les interférences existantes entre les coûts de passage portuaire et les performances opérationnelle et commerciale, dans le cas du port de Douala. Une démarche méthodologique en deux phases permet premièrement à la lumière des faits, d'établir que les contraintes infrastructurelles de certains ports tels celui de Douala, sont de nature à prolonger le temps y passé par les navires, ce qui accroît les coûts portuaires ; deuxièmement, il est question de l'analyse de l'éventuelle significativité de la relation entre d'une part, les coûts portuaires (variable x), et, d'autre part, le niveau de trafic (variable y). |
| Keywords: | port costs, operational performance, commercial performance, coûts portuaires, performance opérationnelle, performance commerciale |
| Date: | 2023–02–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03915038&r=tre |
| By: | Matthew Turner; Neil Mehrotra; Juan Pablo Uribe |
| Abstract: | We pose the problem of managing the interstate as an optimal capital stock problem and define user cost as the charge per vehicle mile travelled that rationalizes observed investments in lane miles and pavement quality. We find that user cost is the sum of the opportunity cost of lane miles, pavement quality, and depreciation. Each depends on the price of lane miles and pavement quality. We estimate these prices and evaluate user cost. Despite large increases in the price of lane miles and pavement quality, user cost declines almost 50% from 1992-2008 due to lower interest rates and higher usage. Increased materials costs largely explain the increasing price of pavement quality, and we reject several common hypotheses for the increase in the price of lane miles. |
| JEL: | E22 R42 R53 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30989&r=tre |
| By: | Jaller, Miguel; D’Agostino, Mollie; Otero-Palencia, Carlos |
| Abstract: | Today there are companies experimenting with autonomous mobile vehicle and equipment technologies. These technologies come in various forms, from small delivery robots to large automated heavy-duty trucks and cargo movers. Some of these have been part of the labor force in factories, warehouses, and distribution centers worldwide for some industries, and their expansion is likely. A recent white paper from UC Davis assesses the landscape for freight automation and its potential labor impacts in the freight and warehousing sector; this policy brief summarizes the key findings and policy implications of that research. While there are still more questions than answers, it is known that as the technology matures, the future for workers will depend on policymaker and industry actions. While these actions can have potentially negative effects for some workers (e.g., job loss or reduced job quality), they can have positive effects for others (e.g., improved safety, security, job quality, and new high-quality jobs). View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Business, Engineering, Automation, Freight transportation, Impacts, Jobs, Labor force, Market penetration |
| Date: | 2023–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt6sf4z68w&r=tre |
| By: | Berliant, Marcus |
| Abstract: | Workers generally commute on a daily basis, so we model commuting as a repeated game. The folk theorem implies that for sufficiently large discount factors, the repeated commuting game has as a Nash equilibrium any feasible strategy that is uniformly better than the minimax strategy payoff for a commuter in the one shot game, repeated over the infinite horizon. This includes the efficient equilibria. An example where the efficient payoffs strictly dominate the one shot Nash equilibrium payoffs is provided. Our conclusions pose a challenge to congestion pricing in that equilibrium selection could be at least as effective in improving welfare. We examine evidence from St. Louis to determine what equilibrium strategies are actually played in the repeated commuting game. |
| Keywords: | Repeated game; Nash equilibrium; Commuting; Folk theorem |
| JEL: | R41 |
| Date: | 2023–02–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116529&r=tre |