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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Radchenko D.M. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Rostislav K.V. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Ponomarev Y.Y (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The transport industry is one of the key components of the Russian economy, not only generating a substantial amount of gross value added, but also ensuring the spatial connectivity of the country's territories. Acceleration of technological progress, introduction of new technologies in various industries require corresponding increase in cargo and passenger transportation, which implies speeding up the development of high-speed transportation, following the path most intensively developing countries took in the last decade. On the global scale, high-speed rail transport is confidently occupying a niche in the range of 400-800 km when organizing mass transportation and ensuring the shortest travel time. In Russia, high-speed rail service is just beginning to develop as part of the goals and objectives set forth in Presidential Decree No. 204 of May 7, 2018 and the Comprehensive Plan for the Modernization and Expansion of Mainline Infrastructure, the Program for organizing high-speed and high-speed rail service in the Russian Federation. At the same time, despite numerous studies of the quantitative effects of investment in transport infrastructure, the effects of high-speed rail service development have not been studied in practice in the domestic economic literature. This determines high relevance of such a study, as well as an assessment of the positive effects of the development of high-speed rail communication in Russia within the framework of scenario analysis. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach and conduct scenario assessments of the socio-economic effects of the development of high-speed railway communication in Russia. Main goals: a review of approaches to assessing the effects of HSR, analysis of strategic plans for the development of HSR in Russia, two-ways effects assessment: at the country panel and at the regional level in a simulation model. The research methods include economic and mathematical modeling and economic analysis based on model complexes built at RANEPA, particularly a prototype spatial simulation model of the Russian economy. The object of the research is the effects of the development of high-speed railway communication in Russia. Key results: based on cross-country data, it is shown that the development of both high-speed and express rail service contributes significantly to economic growth: the elasticity of GDP per capita for the length of high-speed and express rail lines is 0.029–0.036 and 0.042-0.048 respectively, for the presence of HSR - 0.125. Scenario analysis based on a simulation model also demonstrates an increase in population mobility, cost of living, and other indicators in the regions where HSR is projected to be built. |
| Keywords: | spatial development, high-speed rail traffic, transport, rail transport, high-speed rail traffic, high-speed railways, high-speed traffic, high-speed rail. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022019&r=tre |
| By: | Catherine Kariuki; Joel Simiyu |
| Abstract: | In the past few years Africa countries have developed infrastructure to a larger scale than they have ever done in the last 40 years or so since independence. Though the improvement is welcome, two sectors have been completely ignored. Firstly, the physical structures that are the terminus, the bus stops and parking spaces within the terminal. In many instances facilities such as waiting areas, restrooms, organized shopping areas, luggage deposits and freight areas are lacking or poorly planned. Safety and security concerns have arisen, especially for long distance night travel, passengers stay in the buses until day-break or hire a hotel room. Those who venture out, have reported cases of being mugged and others almost killed. Secondly is the issue of policy and institutional goodwill from government entities to provide and maintain such facilities. The current situation shows that interest is only in the levying of parking fees payable by the travel companies, and to meet these demand, allocations of parking spaces are made along main roads creating bottle necks and traffic snarl-ups. These locations are also not ideal for provision of terminals and supporting facilities. The paper looks at the current situation in an effort to find out the existence, adequacy and management of these facilities. It recommends that the public transport sector must provide bus terminus in urban areas that is properly designed, having proper places to eat, waiting rooms/lounges and clean restrooms. All these places should ensure the security of the passengers and their families. There should be adequate parking for passengers’ cars and drop off zones. In the rural areas, the same facilities should be replicated at a smaller scale. When these facilities are provided they must be maintained and managed properly by a facilities or property manager. Hence the need to include the management of these facilities in the management courses taught at institutions of higher learning. The future of mobility in Kenya is not just about building of roads and railway infrastructure, it is about a proper interchange and provision of the last mile. |
| Keywords: | Bus terminus; Facility Management; Mobility; transport |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:2022_103&r=tre |
| By: | Borzykh K.A. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Ponomarev Y.Y. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Radchenko D.M. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Salimova D.R. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Air transport accounts for the largest share of passenger turnover compared to other modes of transport, which makes it of particular importance in Russia. The strategic goals to develop the regional airport network, which are fixed by Presidential Decrees No.204 of 2018 and No.474 of 2020, as well as the recent external shock – the spread of the coronavirus pandemic, which resulted in an 85% decrease of domestic air traffic – explain the relevance of studying the factors which affect the development of regional markets for air passenger traffic. The aim of the study is to analyze the determinants of the spatial distribution of air passenger flows in Russia. This research applies a number of scientific methods, such as synthesis, analysis, induction, deduction, etc. It also entails the analysis of relevant literature and open statistical sources, and applies spatial econometrics models to take into account the geographical distribution of air passenger flows. The results of the study are conclusions about the impact of regional socio-economic characteristics as well as spatial interdependence on the volume of air passenger traffic. The model estimates indicate that the actual distribution of regional air traffic is subject to a gravity mechanism. What is more, the spatial heterogeneity of the passenger traffic distribution has been confirmed. One of the major characteristics of the current network configuration in Russia is the pronounced star-shaped structure of air traffic: in 2009-2018 up to 95% of the total passenger traffic from the Russian regions passed through the Moscow hub, whereas the regional opportunities to generate passenger flows bypassing Moscow were limited. According to the scenario analysis, which was carried out to estimate the potential effects resulting from stimulation of air passenger traffic, the strongest effect on the air traffic is provided by stable regional economic growth. This effect becomes even more pronounced if the measure is combined with the support of air carriers through reduction of flight service costs and stimulation of consumers’ demand through subsidies. Further research is aimed at a more detailed scenario analysis of possible effects resulting from the optimization of the regional airport network in Russia. |
| Keywords: | air traffic, spatial analysis, gravity modeling, regional flows, passenger traffic |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022036&r=tre |
| By: | Cevat Giray Aksoy; Jose Maria Barrero; Nicholas Bloom; Steven J. Davis; Mathias Dolls; Pablo Zarate |
| Abstract: | We quantify the commute time savings associated with work from home, drawing on data for 27 countries. The average daily time savings when working from home is 72 minutes in our sample. We estimate that work from home saved about two hours per week per worker in 2021 and 2022, and that it will save about one hour per week per worker after the pandemic ends. Workers allocate 40 percent of their time savings to their jobs and about 11 percent to caregiving activities. People living with children allocate more of their time savings to caregiving. |
| Keywords: | work from home, commute times, allocation of time savings |
| JEL: | D10 J22 L23 R41 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10240&r=tre |
| By: | Purnamasari, Noor Afni |
| Abstract: | The airport is not only a supporting facility for air transportation for aircraft to land and take off, but the airport is also a symbol and gateway to an area and even a regional icon that is very proud of the region. Exposure or exposure on social media is a grant of popularity by someone who has great influence such as an influencer. Usually done by creating content and then uploading it to social media such as Instagram, or other social media platforms and exposure is also known as advertising space. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method. The number of samples in this study were 100 respondents. data collection technique was to give questionnaires to respondents, interviews and documentation. In proving and analyzing this, the validity and reliability tests, simple linear regression tests, and the coefficient of determination are used. Based on the hypothesis Based on the hypothesis and analysis carried out in this study, namely regarding the effect of Instagram social media exposure on service user interest, it can be seen for the variable Instagram social media exposure for a constant value of 31.940 and for the dependent variable air transportation service user interest for a regression coefficient of 0.603, which means that every 1% increase in the value of the dependent variable, the value of the independent variable increases by 0.603, which means that Instagram social media exposure affects the interest of air transportation service users. Based on the results of the determination coefficient test, it can be concluded that social media exposure instagram has a significant influence on the interest of air transportation service users by 41%. |
| Date: | 2023–01–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:sn9gx&r=tre |