|
on Transport Economics |
| By: | Woan Foong Wong; Simon Fuchs |
| Abstract: | The movement of goods from origin to destination takes place over multiple modes of transportation. Correspondingly, intermodal terminals play an important role in facilitating transportation over the multimodal network. This paper studies multimodal transport networks and their impact on infrastructure investments. We propose a tractable theory of transportation across domestic transportation networks with multiple modes of transportation by embedding multimodal routes into a spatial equilibrium model with endogenous stochastic route choice. We calibrate the model to US domestic freight flows using high-resolution geographic information system information and detailed data on traffic along road, rail, and international ports. We estimate the strength of intermodal port congestion from ship dwell times and its multimodal impact on railcar dwell times. We then employ the model to evaluate the welfare effects of terminal investments across the United States. We identify important bottlenecks in the US transportation system, with the reduction of the transportation cost by 1 percent in the most important nodes generating welfare gains equivalent to $US200–300 million of additional GDP (in 2012 USD). |
| Keywords: | infrastructure investments; multimodal transport; spatial equilibrium |
| JEL: | F11 R12 R42 |
| Date: | 2022–10–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedawp:95074&r=tre |
| By: | Degrande, Thibault; Vannieuwenborg, Frederic; Verbrugge, Sofie; Colle, Didier |
| Abstract: | To date, the European Commission is working hard on amending Directive 2010/40/EU, in which a new, technologyneutral framework for Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) is proposed. C-ITS promise to reduce traffic congestion, lessen the environmental impact of transportation, and reduce the number of traffic mortalities. To realize those societal goals, adoption of C-ITS in passenger cars is essential. As passenger cars are no fast-moving consumer goods and the European fleet is subject to principles such as production cycles, traditional adoption models are not suitable to estimate expected penetration of C-ITS the fleet. Therefore, this paper provides a model to simulate penetration rates of C-ITS equipped cars in the European passenger car fleet, allowing simulation of both ITS-G5 and C-V2X technology diffusion separately. The model enables the assessment of the impact of policies such as a mandate, market decisions, and other scenarios, on the penetration of CITS in the European fleet. Insights into C-ITS penetration are valuable for a number of stakeholders, such as national and local governments, road authorities, car manufacturers and (network) technology providers, to appraise policy and business decisions. Lastly, the model can also be used to estimate penetration of other new technologies in passenger cars. |
| Keywords: | techno-economic,adoption,cooperative intelligent,transport systems |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse22:265619&r=tre |
| By: | Biao Yin (LVMT - Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Gustave Eiffel); Fabien Leurent (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | A reliable public transport system is beneficial for people traveling in the metropolitan area. Transfer time in multimodal transit networks has been highlighted as one of the measures of public transport service quality. In this paper, we propose a novel method to estimate the passengers' transfer time between the transit modes (i.e., train, metro, and bus) based on the 2018 Household Travel Survey in the Paris region, France. The transit trips with a single transit leg are primarily studied, wherein average wait time and mode speeds are estimated through an integrated linear regression model. Based on these inferences, transfer time is deduced within the trips of multiple transit legs. The decomposition procedure of journey time facilitates the estimation of the time components, and reveals the transfer variability in mode, time, and space. From the results, we find that the transfer to the railway modes, especially to the metro, costs less time on average than the transfer to the bus in the study area. The transfer patterns in the morning and evening peak hours are different regarding the transfer duration and locations. Lastly, the results' reliability, method scalability, and potential applications are discussed in detail. |
| Keywords: | multimodal transit,average wait time,transit speed,transfer time,linear regression model |
| Date: | 2022–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03841390&r=tre |
| By: | Sirikhan, Kulacha |
| Abstract: | This study aims to raise awareness of a viable collective transportation concept that yields the most sustainable and inclusive outcomes. The connected autonomous shared electric vehicle (CASE) has been proposed as a future enabler of collective mobility that emphasizes sharing vehicles among numerous passengers and endorses multi-modal public transportation. This study demonstrates the application of an integrated scenario building approach at both the generic and place-specific levels. Then, the plausible scenarios were developed that best fit the area-based context. The scientific research trends in bibliometric analysis and the discussion on urbanization problems in spatial analysis were synergized to identify critical uncertainties, which are the input in scenario building. The discussion on urbanization problems of mega-urban regions in the SEA context captures additional challenges from a compound of mobility inequalities such as limited accessibility and fragmented paratransit, which could fuel the ignorance of collective urban mobility usage. The plausible scenario quadrants shed light on long-term strategy planning requirements in response to various autonomous mobility deployments and their consequence on urban dynamics. |
| Keywords: | Autonomous Vehicles,The Connected Autonomous Shared Electric Vehicle,CASE,Scenario Building,Mega-Urban Regions,Southeast Asia,Bangkok,Ho Chi Minh City |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse22:265670&r=tre |
| By: | Georgios TSIACHTSIRAS; Deyun YIN; Ernest MIGUELEZ; Rosina MORENO |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the effect of the High Speed Rail (HSR) network expansion on local innovation in China during the period 2008-2016. Using exogenous variation arising from a novel instrument - courier’s stations during the Ming dynasty, we find solid evidence that the opening of a HSR station increases cities’ innovation activity. We also explore the role of inter-city technology diffusion as being behind the surge of local innovation. To do it, we compute least-cost paths between city-pairs, over time, based on the opening and speed of each HSR line, and obtain that an increase in a city’s connectivity to other cities specialized in a specific technological field, through the HSR network, increases the probability for the city to specialize in that same technological field. We interpret it as evidence of knowledge diffusion. |
| Keywords: | high speed rail, innovation, technology diffusion, patents, specialization |
| JEL: | R40 O18 O30 O33 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grt:bdxewp:2022-24&r=tre |
| By: | David Martimort (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales); Guillaume Pommey (Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma]); Jerome Pouyet (THEMA - Théorie économique, modélisation et applications - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CY - CY Cergy Paris Université, ESSEC Business School - Essec Business School) |
| Abstract: | Modern airports provide commercial services to passengers in addition to aeronautical services to airlines. We analyze how the airport's market power impacts the pricing of services when the airport also invests in the quality of its infrastructure. There is a need to regulate the airport and the optimal regulation can be implemented with a price-cap and a subsidy scheme targeted to the investment. The choice between a single-till and a dual-till approach does change neither the optimal regulation nor its implementation. We also investigate the consequences on the optimal regulation of the nature of the airport-airline relationship and of the observability of investment. |
| Keywords: | airports,regulation,commercial services,investment |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03328394&r=tre |
| By: | Winston, Clifford; Karpilow, Quentin (Mercury Publication) |
| Abstract: | This paper argues that California’s self-help county tax legislation, which funds additional highway spending, amounts to a natural experiment that can be used to construct a valid instrument to determine highway congestion’s causal effect on the growth r |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajw:wpaper:03323&r=tre |
| By: | Jurva, Risto; Outila, Tarja; Matinmikko-Blue, Marja; Merisalo, Virve; Jutila, Johannes |
| Abstract: | Digitalization is transforming businesses and daily lives at an increasing rate. Cities and regions are going through a digital transformation process to develop and deploy a range of digital services covering most city functions and operations. The different operations are inter-dependent and are all constrained by new sustainability requirements. This paper investigates digital transformation in the context of future smart transportation systems in cities and regions and focuses on the situation in Finland. The paper analyses the current processes of urban design and planning, transportation planning, and digital infrastructure planning and brings them together towards a future process for smart transport system planning. The paper provides guidelines for the development of this interlinked future process for digital transformation and discusses related challenges. The integrated process highlights the importance of bringing together the traditionally separately considered urban design and planning, transport system planning and digital infrastructure planning processes by starting from shared values, goals and strategies that are built on sustainability principles. This requires the identification of a system owner, which has the overall responsibility of system development and operation. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse22:265637&r=tre |
| By: | Jones, Benjamin; Nguyen-Tien, Viet; Elliott, Robert J.R. |
| Abstract: | The emergence of a mass market for electric vehicles (EVs) offers development opportunities for countries that have abundant resources of cobalt, nickel, lithium, copper, aluminium and manganese. Not surprisingly, developing countries have proposed ambitious plans to expand production of these raw materials. However, an observation from the resource curse literature is that strong institutions are required if they are to mitigate the risk of poorly directed, often excessively procyclical, investment, not least because of the complexity, opacity and price volatility of many raw materials utilised by global EV value chains. This paper examines the outlook for EV demand and associated raw material usage paying attention to the drivers and sensitivities required to assess and track future market transformations. These end use shifts are then placed in the context of the broader supply chain adjustments and trends shaping the demand. For resource exporters, adapting to structural change will require fiscal, regulatory, environmental and institution reforms designed to capture shifting patterns of resource wealth in a way which takes appropriate account of comparative advantages in specific value chains and mitigates adverse environmental and social consequences from their extraction and processing. |
| Keywords: | critical materials; electric vehicle; global value chains; resource mobilisation |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2022–10–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117425&r=tre |
| By: | Sidy Cissokho (CLERSÉ - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Date: | 2022–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03845087&r=tre |
| By: | Miller, Tracy; Hansen, Megan (Mercury Publication) |
| Abstract: | Recent trends suggest that the federal role in funding highways is likely to decline in the future. As a result, state and local governments will likely shoulder a larger portion of the costs of building and maintaining roads and highways. Like the federa |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajw:wpaper:06846&r=tre |
| By: | Philip Kofi Alimo; Abena Tweneboah Danso |
| Abstract: | Purpose - Although the largest proportion of the household budget is spent on housing and transportation (H+T), housing affordability estimates in Ghana have over the years treated housing as a mutually exclusive expenditure, thereby excluding the effects of transportation costs. This can result in under-reporting of the household burden, which ultimately affects planning and policymaking. To curtail under-reporting, the H+T affordability index incorporates transportation costs into the assessment of housing affordability. However, the H+T affordability index is yet to be explored in the real estate literature from Ghana. This study contributes a novel discussion of the H+T affordability index and how it can be applied in Ghana. Approach - Based on a systematic review of 9 peer-reviewed papers on the H+T affordability index, the main variables employed, the lessons, and policy implications have been discussed towards having a modified H+T affordability index that is suitable for Ghana. Findings - Generally, the addition of transportation costs to the housing burden significantly changes the dynamics of the housing burden. Besides, the H+T Affordability Index relies on accessible secondary H+T economic data. In cities where there is a low proportion of renters, the owners' equivalent rent is used as the rental value. The main variables and methodologies employed in past studies have been discussed. Research implications - Our research calls for researchers and real estate professionals in Ghana to consider developing robust housing, trip, spatial, and neighborhood databases to foster future H+T studies. Practical implications - This study contributes insights that can enhance debates on the H+T 21ST affordability index toward improved measurement tools for the household burden in Ghana. Originality/Value of work - This study is the first attempt to discuss how the H+T affordability index can be applied in Ghana's housing market. |
| Keywords: | Affordable Housing; Affordable transportation; Ghana; H+T affordability index; Housing burden; Transportation spending |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afr:wpaper:2022-031&r=tre |
| By: | Dhaval M. Dave; Yang Liang; Johanna Catherine Maclean; Joseph J. Sabia; Matthew Braaksma |
| Abstract: | Teenage drinking is a top public health concern, generating social costs of over $28 billion per year, including substantial external costs associated with alcohol-related traffic fatalities. At the same time, the high rate of electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use among teenagers has become a public health concern, with state and local policymakers turning to e-cigarette taxes as a tool to curb consumption. This paper is the first to explore the spillover effects of e-cigarette taxes on teenage drinking and alcohol-related traffic fatalities. Using data from five nationally representative datasets (the state and national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System) spanning the period 2003-2019, and a difference-in-differences approach, we find that a one-dollar increase in e-cigarette taxes is associated with a 1-to-2 percentage-point reduction in the probability of teenage binge drinking, and a 0.4 to 0.6 decline in the number of alcohol-related traffic fatalities per 100,000 16-to-20-year-olds in a treated state-year. A causal interpretation of our estimates is supported by (1) event-study analyses that account for heterogeneous and dynamic treatment effects, and (2) null effects of e-cigarette taxes on non-alcohol-related traffic fatalities. |
| JEL: | H71 I12 |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30670&r=tre |