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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Zheng, Han; Hongtao, Li |
| Abstract: | This paper offers a variant of the Ricardian model able to structurally interpret the estimate of country-specific variable—transportation infrastructure. Guided by this new theoretical framework, this paper shows that transportation infrastructure enhances international trade more than internal trade. Further quantitative analysis suggests 10% increase in transportation infrastructure induces 3.9% increase in real income and more than 95% of the gains concentrate on the infrastructure improving country. This paper also suggests that transportation infrastructure improvement increases real income mostly through internal trade cost reduction. All the above results suggest that better infrastructure leads to sizable gains providing additional empirical support to policies aiming to improve transportation infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | Gravity model, Transportation infrastructure, Internal trade cost |
| JEL: | F10 F14 |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hiasdp:hias-e-124&r=tre |
| By: | Connor R. Forsythe; Akshaya Jha; Jeremy J. Michalek; Kate S. Whitefoot |
| Abstract: | Many transportation policies indirectly affect vehicle travel and resulting externalities by inducing changes in vehicle scrappage rates. We leverage the staggered removal of state-level safety inspection programs across the United States within an instrumental variables (IV) framework to produce the first estimates of the fleet-size elasticities of fleet travel distance and gasoline consumption. Our first-stage estimates indicate that the removal of safety inspections caused a 3-4% increase in fleet size on average. Our IV estimates of the fleet-size elasticities of fleet travel distance and gasoline consumption have 95% confidence sets that imply rejection of an assumption commonly used in prior analyses that these elasticities are equal to one. Calculations based on fleet-size elasticities of one result in substantial overestimates of the externality costs from increases in travel and fuel use from delays in scrappage due to the removal of safety inspections. |
| JEL: | H23 H70 Q58 R48 |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30546&r=tre |
| By: | Burra, Lavan Teja; Sommer, Stephan; Vance, Colin |
| JEL: | C54 H54 O18 Q58 R48 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc22:264130&r=tre |
| By: | Luo, Zunian |
| Abstract: | Electric vehicle adoption is considered by policymakers to be a promising pathway for addressing climate change. However, the market for charging stations suffers from a market failure: a lack of EV sales disincentivizes charging station production, which in turn inhibits mass EV adoption. Charging station subsidies are discussed as policy levers that can stimulate charging station supply to correct this market failure. Nonetheless, there is limited research examining the extent such subsidies are successful. Using annual data on electric vehicle sales, charging station counts, and subsidy amounts from 57 California counties and a staggered difference-in-differences methodology, I find that charging station subsidies are highly effective: a 1% increase in subsidies expands the supply of stations by 2.5%. This finding suggests that governmental intervention can help correct the market failure in the charging station market. |
| Keywords: | Electric Vehicles; Charging Stations; Climate Change; Difference in Differences |
| JEL: | L62 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–10–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115088&r=tre |
| By: | Brehm, Johannes; aus dem Moore, Nils; Gruhl, Henri |
| JEL: | H23 L91 Q54 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc22:264085&r=tre |
| By: | Zheng, Han |
| Abstract: | Shipping companies often charges nonlinear and discriminatory pricing for transportation. This paper shows that this nonlinear and discriminatory pricing in the shipping industry could hamper the welfare gains from trade due to withinindustry allocation across heterogeneous firms. I extend a standard heterogeneous firm trade model with variable markups by incorporating monopolistically competitive shipping companies that charge nonlinear and discriminatory pricing against manufacturers. In a standard setting, shipping companies optimally charge a higher transport price to the more productive firms, weakening within-industry reallocation toward productive firms. Elimination of this discriminatory practice could potentially increase the gains from trade. |
| Keywords: | Price discrimination, Shipping industry, Heterogeneous firms, The gains from trade |
| JEL: | F12 L91 R13 R41 |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hiasdp:hias-e-123&r=tre |
| By: | Boshuai Zhao; Roel Leus |
| Abstract: | Truck platooning is a promising transportation mode to save fuel consumption in the freight industry. In this paper, we consider a truck platooning system for which we jointly optimize the truck routes and schedules from the perspective of a central platform. We improve an existing decomposition-based heuristic by \cite{Luo2020}, which iteratively solves a routing and a scheduling problem, with a cost modification step after each scheduling run. We propose different formulations for the routing and the scheduling problem and embed these into Luo and Larson's framework, and we examine ways to improve their iterative process. In addition, we propose another scheduling heuristic to deal with large instances. The computational results show that our procedure achieves better performance than the existing one. Moreover, based on sensitivity analysis, we find that settings with long routes, differing path lengths, clustered demands, and sparse networks allow to achieve the greatest benefits of truck platoons. |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2210.05562&r=tre |
| By: | Md. Mohaimenul Islam Sourav; Mohammed Russedul Islam; H M Imran Kays; Md. Hadiuzzaman |
| Abstract: | This research aims at building a multivariate statistical model for assessing users' perceptions of acceptance of ride-sharing services in Dhaka City. A structured questionnaire is developed based on the users' reported attitudes and perceived risks. A total of 350 normally distributed responses are collected from ride-sharing service users and stakeholders of Dhaka City. Respondents are interviewed to express their experience and opinions on ride-sharing services through the stated preference questionnaire. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to validate the research hypotheses. Statistical parameters and several trials are used to choose the best SEM. The responses are also analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (RII) method, validating the chosen SEM. Inside SEM, the quality of ride-sharing services is measured by two latent and eighteen observed variables. The latent variable 'safety & security' is more influential than 'service performance' on the overall quality of service index. Under 'safety & security' the other two variables, i.e., 'account information' and 'personal information' are found to be the most significant that impact the decision to share rides with others. In addition, 'risk of conflict' and 'possibility of accident' are identified using the perception model as the lowest contributing variables. Factor analysis reveals the suitability and reliability of the proposed SEM. Identifying the influential parameters in this will help the service providers understand and improve the quality of ride-sharing service for users. |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2210.04086&r=tre |