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on Transport Economics |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | Trucks account for one-fifth of transport sector emissions in Europe. To decarbonise, heavy-duty road freight must switch to zero-emission vehicles quickly. This report examines whether battery electric vehicles, electric road systems and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could compete with diesel-driven vehicles. It looks at the total cost of ownership across nine different vehicle-size segments in Europe. The report gives six recommendations to accelerate the transition to zero-emission trucks, including the provision of necessary infrastructure. |
| Date: | 2022–09–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:107-en&r= |
| By: | Volker, Jamey M. B.; Handy, Susan L. |
| Abstract: | The National Center for Sustainable Transportation’s (NCST’s) Induced Travel Calculator (Calculator) has generated substantial interest among policymakers and practitioners as a method for estimating induced vehicle miles traveled (VMT). With Calculator use increasing, the Institute of Transportation Studies at University of California, Davis (ITS-Davis) initiated a project to update the Calculator and improve its functionality based on recent data and empirical research. Efforts included adding three more years of baseline VMT and lane mile data to the Calculator (2017, 2018, and 2019), adding ranges to the Calculator’s induced VMT estimates (+/-20%), and providing an updated review of the induced travel literature. The team also investigated and determined that there is not enough empirical evidence to justify using different elasticities based on initial congestion levels, urban versus rural setting, or lane type (for general-purpose lanes, high-occupancy-vehicle lanes, and high-occupancy toll lanes). Going forward, this report suggests avenues for future induced travel research, including meta-analyses of induced travel studies to estimate pooled effect sizes, more research on the impact of existing traffic congestion and other contextual factors on induced travel effect size, and further studies on induced travel from managed lanes. It will also be important to continue monitoring other induced travel calculators for consistency with NCST’s Calculator. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Induced travel, VMT, travel demand, road construction, traffic, traffic forecasting, calculators, environmental review |
| Date: | 2022–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1hh9b9mf&r= |
| By: | Harold, Brian MBA; Rodier, Caroline PhD; Zhang, Yunwan MS |
| Abstract: | Rural areas in California present unique transportation challenges associated with long travel distances, infrequent transit service, the cost of car ownership, and limited access to app-based rideshare services that are common to more populated urban centers. Researchers at the University of California, Davis, partnered with the eight San Joaquin Valley Metropolitan Planning Organizations to identify and support the development of innovative regional mobility pilot concepts, including an electric vehicle carsharing service known as Míocar. Míocar launched in August 2019 with roundtrip EV carsharing hubs in affordable housing complexes in the southern San Joaquin Valley. This study summarizes the data collected through a telephone survey with current Míocar users from January 2022 through March 2022. The survey asks users to reflect on their use of the service since they enrolled, and it builds upon past data collection efforts for this program by gathering detailed information on member characteristics, transportation needs and capabilities, and Míocar’s role as a transportation option for the users’ households. The results provide qualitative insights into members’ mobility challenges and considerations and the service’s impacts on user travel. Comparisons to existing carsharing programs suggest that Míocar is achieving similar impacts as other programs in some areas, such as reducing personal vehicle use, ownership, and associated greenhouse gas emissions. However, respondents emphasize its role in improving mobility within the rural region. The evaluation provides information for researchers to enhance future evaluations of rural carsharing, and findings may inform member recruitment, training, program design, and other efforts conducted by rural carsharing operators. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Electric vehicles, carsharing evaluation, social equity, environmental justice, rural areas, rural transportation, pilot studies, low income groups |
| Date: | 2022–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5ks6j0qk&r= |
| By: | Allister Loder; Fabienne Cantner; Andrea Cadavid; Markus B. Siewert; Stefan Wurster; Sebastian Goerg; Klaus Bogenberger |
| Abstract: | In spring 2022, the German federal government agreed on a set of measures that aimed at reducing households' financial burden resulting from a recent price increase, especially in energy and mobility. These measures included among others, a nation-wide public transport ticket for 9\ EUR per month and a fuel tax cut that reduced fuel prices by more than 15\,\%. In transportation research this is an almost unprecedented behavioral experiment. It allows to study not only behavioral responses in mode choice and induced demand but also to assess the effectiveness of transport policy instruments. We observe this natural experiment with a three-wave survey and an app-based travel diary on a sample of hundreds of participants as well as an analysis of traffic counts. In this third report, we provide first findings from the second survey, conducted during the experiment. |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2208.14902&r= |
| By: | César Ducruet (EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); David Guerrero (AME-SPLOTT - Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail - Université Gustave Eiffel) |
| Abstract: | This research focuses on the relationships between inland cities and port gateways. A quantitative analysis of 64 inland capital cities situated in coastal countries is proposed based on indicators that relate to ports, transport, trade and urban factors. The identified trends suggest that there is a trade-off between remoteness and openness to trade which leads us to postulate the existence of three typologies of inland cities: major logistics hubs, constrained metropolises and underdeveloped corridors. We conduct a more quantitative review of y intermodalism and port choice issues with reference to via a selection of six case studies. The observed spatial configurations have implications for logistics and governance. |
| Keywords: | CORRIDOR,PORT HINTERLAND,SPATIAL FRICTION,TRADE OPENNESS,URBAN SYSTEM,TRANSPORT MARITIME |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03764224&r= |
| By: | Laurent Guihéry (CY CPU UFR LSH - CY Cergy Paris Université - UFR Lettres et sciences humaines - CY - CY Cergy Paris Université) |
| Abstract: | In its 2011 white paper, European transport policy recommends strengthening the dynamics of competition in passenger rail transport in the E.U. Since December 18, 2021, Trenitalia has been serving Lyon and Paris in open access as an extension of the Milan - Turin - Lyon - Paris line. For the moment, the offer concerns three round trips per day between Milan and Paris (five beginning of June). Offices and ticket vending machines have been installed in the Lyon and Paris stations. This is a revolution in France, a country that is one of the last in Europe to implement, slowly and cautiously, the recommendations of the European Union. Our paper will focus on the start-up of this service by attempting to evaluate the first six months of operation. |
| Keywords: | Railway,Competition,France,SNCF,Trenitalia |
| Date: | 2022–06–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03753714&r= |
| By: | Anand, Vaibhav |
| Abstract: | Scientific and technological advances are resulting in improved forecasts of risk, but do better forecasts result in better risk management? I investigate to what extent the improvements in lead time of winter weather advisories affect the frequency of motor vehicle crashes. I construct a data set of winter weather advisories, weather monitor readings, and vehicle crashes at the county-date level in 11 states in the US during 2006-2018. Using within county variation in lead time, I show that receiving winter advisories earlier reduces crash risk significantly. I also examine two potential mechanisms that might lead to these effects. First, using the mobile phone location data from SafeGraph, I show that longer lead times result in fewer visits by people to places outside their homes. Second, using snow plow truck location data, I show that road crews perform a greater level of winter maintenance activities when advisories arrive with longer lead time. Overall, this study provides evidence that improvements in forecast lead times result in meaningful economic benefits to society, and these benefits come from both the individual and institutional response to longer lead times. |
| Keywords: | Weather forecast, risk mitigation, auto crash |
| JEL: | D80 D81 H41 Q50 Q54 Q55 Q58 R00 R41 |
| Date: | 2022–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:114491&r= |
| By: | KO Ryuya; OHASHI Hiroshi |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the economic consequences of code-sharing agreements (CSA) in the airline market. CSA can be viewed as a vertical contract between airlines, which sometimes co-own the code-shared flights. Our structural model aims to understand how and to what extent CSA distorts market competition among airlines. With an application to Japanese domestic airlines, structural estimates of our demand and supply models indicate that CSA would significantly lessen market competition, by sharing increased revenues from raised fares. We further extend our model to consider endogenous product quality. Although the loss of consumer welfare due to CSA is alleviated by enhanced product quality, the anti-competitive effect of CSA is persistent. |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:22080&r= |
| By: | Panova, Elena |
| Abstract: | We consider the problem of sharing the cost of efficient uncongested tree-network among users with differentiated willingness to pay for the good supplied through the network. We nd that the associated value sharing problem is convex, hence, the core is large and we axiomatize a new, computationally simple core selection based on the idea of proportionality. |
| Keywords: | sharing network cost; core; proportional allocation |
| JEL: | C71 |
| Date: | 2022–09–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:127271&r= |