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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Müller, Jan Philipp |
| Abstract: | In view of the accelerating climate change, greenhouse gas emissions from freight transportation must be significantly reduced over the next decades. Intermodal transportation can make a significant contribution here. During the transportation process, different modes of transportation are combined, enabling a modal shift to environmentally friendly alternatives such as rail and inland waterway transportation. However, at the same time, the organization of several modes is more complex compared to the unimodal case (where, for example, only trucks are employed). In particular, an efficient management of uncertainties, such as fluctuating transportation demand volumes or delays, is required to realize low costs and transportation times, thereby ensuring the attractiveness of intermodal transportation for a further modal shift. Stochastic service network design can explicitly consider such uncertainities in the planning in order to increase the performance of intermodal transportation. Decisions for the network design as well as for the mode choice are defined by mathematical optimization models, which originate from operations research and include relevant uncertainities by stochastic parameters. As central research gap, this dissertation addresses important operational constraints and decision variables of real-life intermodal networks, which have not been considered in these models so far and, in consequence, strongly limit their application in everyday operations. The resulting research contribution are two new variants of stochastic service network design models: The "stochastic service network design with integrated vehicle routing problem" integrates corresponding routing problems for road vehicles into the planning of intermodal networks. This new variant ensures a cost- and delay-minimal mode choice in the case of uncertain transportation times. The "stochastic service network design with short-term schedule modifications" deals with modifications of intermodal transportation schedules in order to adapt them to fluctuating demand as best as possible. For both new model variants, heuristic solution methods are presented which can efficiently solve even large network instances. Extensive case studies with real-world data demonstrate significant savings potentials compared to deterministic models as well as (simplified) stochastic models that already exist in literature. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:130494&r= |
| By: | Wang, Guihua; Miller, Marshall; Fulton, Lewis |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, cost, heavy-duty trucks, battery electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles |
| Date: | 2022–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt36c08395&r= |
| By: | Frondel, Manuel; Marggraf, Clemens; Sommer, Stephan; Vance, Colin |
| Abstract: | A large proportion of local pollutants originating from the road transport sector is generated during the so-called cold-start phase of driving, that is, the first few minutes of driving after a car has stood inactive for several hours. Drawing on data from the German Mobility Panel (MOP), this paper analyzes the factors that affect the frequency of cold starts, approximated here by the number of car tours that a household takes over the course of a week. Based on fixed-effects panel estimations, we find a negative and statistically significant effect of fuel prices on the number of tours and, hence, cold starts. Using our estimates to explore the spatial implications arising from fuel price increases stipulated under Germany's Climate Programme 2030, we find substantial impacts on the number of avoided tours even for modest fuel price increases of 20 cents per liter, particularly in urban areas. This outcome lends support to using carbon pricing as a means to improve both global climate and local air quality, pointing to a co-benefit of climate policy. |
| Keywords: | German mobility panel,fuel prices,car use |
| JEL: | I10 Q53 R41 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:896&r= |
| By: | Rodier, Caroline; Randall, Creighton; Garcia Sanchez, Juan Carlos; Harrison, Makenna; Francisco, Jerel; Tovar, Angelly |
| Abstract: | Over the last six years, from 2016 through 2021, a wave of new federal, state, and local funding has supported carsharing services that use electric vehicles and install electric vehicle chargers to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and address climate change. In addition, many of these same funding programs allow support for the location of services in underserved communities with fare levels that enable community members to access these services. This study first explores the potential climate change benefits for carsharing services and the need for these services in underserved areas by reviewing the available published literature. Next, the study discusses the evolution of carsharing in the U.S., including non-profit, for-profit, and recent government-funded carsharing, drawing on published reports, newspaper articles, and expert interviews. Finally, the authors draw conclusions of relevance for future government-funded carsharing programs. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Business, Social and Behavioral Sciences, carsharing, electric vehicles, pilot, evaluation, equity |
| Date: | 2022–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5nf0m5mc&r= |
| By: | Crotti, Daniele; Maggi, Elena; Pantelaki, Evangelia |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2022–01–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:317840&r= |
| By: | Guillaume Daudin (DIAL - Développement, institutions et analyses de long terme, OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po, LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jérôme Héricourt (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique, LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Lise Patureau (LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | International transport costs do have an additive part. How large is it? Does it matter?This paper provides new answers to these questions. Using information contained in the US imports flows from 1974 to 2019, we develop an empirical model that disentangles the ad-valorem and the additive components of international transport costs. The per-unit component of transport costs rep-resents a sizeable share of total transport costs, between 30% and 45% depending on the year and the transport mode considered. We then investigate the important consequences of additive costs, under two different perspectives. First, modelling varying additive costs modifies the decomposition of transport costs time trend between the reduction in "pure" transport costs and trade composition effects, the latter playing a minor role. Second, we revisit the welfare gains of the transport costreduction in presence of additive costs. In this regard, we shed light on the welfare variations in-duced by the international trade acceleration and the "hyper-globalization", as well as the key role of additive transport costs in determining those welfare variations. Neglecting the additive component substantially underestimates the welfare gains of the transport cost decrease. |
| Abstract: | Les coûts du transport international ont une part additive. Quelle est l'ampleur de cette dernière ? Est-ce important pour l'analyse économique ? Cet article apporte de nouvelles réponses à ces questions. A cet effet, nous développons une méthodologie empirique permettant de distinguer précisément les composantes multiplicative et additive des coûts de transport internationaux, que nous appliquons sur des données exhaustives d'importations pour les États-Unis sur la période 1974-2019. L'analyse révèle que la composante additive représente une partie significative des coûts de transport totaux, comprise entre 30 et 45% selon l'année et le mode de transport considéré. Dans un second temps, nous évaluons les conséquences pour l'analyse économique de cette importance des coûts additifs, sous deux angles différents. Tout d'abord, la modélisation de coûts additifs variables modifie la décomposition de la tendance temporelle des coûts de transport, entre d'une part la réduction des coûts de transport "purs" et d'autre part les effets de composition du commerce, ces derniers jouant un rôle mineur. Par la suite, nous réévaluons les gains de bien-être produits par la réduction des coûts de transport en présence de coûts additifs. A cet égard, nous mesurons les variations de bien-être induites par l'accélération du commerce international observée à partir des années 1980 et le phénomène d'hyper-mondialisation, ainsi que le rôle-clé des coûts de transport additifs dans la détermination de ces variations de bien-être. Nous montrons ainsi que négliger la composante additive des coûts de transport conduit à sous-estimer considérablement les gains de bien-être produits par la décrue de ces coûts. |
| Keywords: | Transport costs estimates,non-linear econometrics,period 1974-2019,additive costs,trade composition effects,gains from trade,coûts de transport,économétrie non linéaire,période 1974-2019,coûts additifs,effets decomposition du commerce,gains au commerce |
| Date: | 2022–01–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-03538476&r= |
| By: | Ruodu Wang; Zhenyuan Zhang |
| Abstract: | We propose a general framework of mass transport between vector-valued measures, which will be called simultaneous mass transport. The new framework is motivated by the need to transport resources of different types simultaneously, i.e., in single trips, from specified origins to destinations. In terms of matching, one needs to couple two groups, e.g., buyers and sellers, by equating supplies and demands of different goods at the same time. The mathematical structure of simultaneous transport is very different from the classic setting of optimal transport, leading to many new challenges. The Monge and Kantorovich formulations are contrasted and connected. Existence and uniqueness of the simultaneous transport and duality formulas are established, and a notion of Wasserstein distance in this setting is introduced.In particular, the duality theorem gives rise to a labour market equilibrium model where each worker has several types of skills and each firm seeks to employ these skills at different levels. |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2201.03483&r= |
| By: | Yasumasa Matsuda; Xin Yuan |
| Abstract: | Recently it is common to collect big spatial data on a national or continental scale at discrete time points. This paper aims at a regression model when both dependent and independent variables are big spatial data. Regarding spatial data as functions over a region, we propose a functional regression by a parametric convolution kernel together with the least squares estimation on the frequency domain by applying Fourier transform. It can handle massive datasets with asymptotic validations under the mixed asymptotics. The regression is applied to Covid-19 weekly new cases and human mobility collected in city levels all over Japan to find that an increase of human mobility is followed by an increase of Covid-19 new cases in time lag of two weeks. |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:toh:dssraa:124&r= |