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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Frédéric Dobruszkes; Amparo Moyano |
| Abstract: | This chapter first investigates the geography of actual rail transport worldwide. In doing so, we set up a typology based upon network- and traffic-related indicators per country, with special attention paid to the distinction between passenger and freight traffic. Then the chap-ter covers the factors that explain the geography of infrastructures and traffic, taking into account historic factors that may have come into play a long time ago, given that many actu-al lines were built a considerable time ago. As the chapter elucidates, rail transport is shaped by physical geography, geo-economic factors, the shape of urban systems, intermodal com-petition in line with distances, railways logics, and the importance of network effects and political factors. |
| Keywords: | Rail transport geography; Railways; High-speed lines; Rail infrastructure; Rail traffic; Rail network; Transport history; Transport planning; Intermodal competition; Urban systems |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/333204&r= |
| By: | Sanghamitra Mukherjee |
| Abstract: | This work studies the role of socio-economic and geospatial factors in shaping battery electric vehicle adoption for the case study of Ireland. It provides new insights on the level and timing of likely adoption at scale using a Bass diffusion model combined with a spatial model. The Bass model demonstrates that a country like Ireland may experience peak sales between 2025 and 2030 given current trends, reaching overall uptake levels that are not commensurate with current policy goals, whilst also potentially creating gulfs in regional take-up. The key conclusion from the spatial analysis is that location matters for uptake, through various channels that help or hinder adoption such as resources, information, and policy. Additional investment in public charging infrastructure facilities may also be needed as gaps in coverage exist, especially in rural areas to the West and South-West of the country. Although Ireland enjoys good network coverage overall, this study suggests that more charge points may be needed in some counties and Dublin city and suburbia where the number of charge points is currently disproportionate to a minimum network coverage comparable with the land area, population size, number of private vehicle owners, and travel behaviour. As the urgency for climate action intensifies in the coming decade, our spatio-temporal approach to studying uptake will not only help meet Ireland’s socio-ecological vision for the future, but also provide insights and strategies for comparable countries that are similarly placed in terms of electric vehicle adoption. |
| Keywords: | Battery electric vehicle adoption; Spatial analysis; Consumer behaviour; Bass diffusion model; Ireland |
| JEL: | D1 D9 O3 Q4 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucn:wpaper:10197/12560&r= |
| By: | Asplund, Disa (Swedish National Road & Transport Research Institute (VTI)) |
| Abstract: | This study identifies the welfare optimal frequency of a scheduled public transport service from a methodological perspective, exploring what methods are more suitable for the case of bus services in a small city. The study examines how well various versions of the square-root rule, including established and newly proposed versions, estimate the optimal bus frequencies in the case city of Uppsala, versus estimates generated by a more comprehensive partial equilibrium model. The results indicate that extending the square-root rule by including transfer time, as proposed here, is empirically important. Furthermore, the results indicate that the square-root rule, with this extension, can estimate optimal frequency in Uppsala surprisingly well, and may be suitable for bus lines with two-way demand in the range of 75–200 pax/h. |
| Keywords: | Optimization; Public transport; Service frequency; Square-root rule |
| JEL: | H40 R41 |
| Date: | 2021–10–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:vtiwps:2021_009&r= |
| By: | Aasheesh Dixit; Patanjal Kumar; Suresh Jakhar |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we examine the effect of various contracts between a socially concerned airport and an environmentally conscious airline regarding their profitability and channel coordination under two distinct settings. First, we consider no government interventions, while in the second, we explore government-imposed taxations to curb emissions. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of passenger greening sensitivity, greening cost, and consumer surplus coefficient on conveyance fees, ticket fare, greening level and the channel welfare. Our analysis shows that the revenue sharing and linear two part tariff contracts coordinate the decentralised airport-airline channel. Our findings also reveal that players greening and social efforts can improve both the welfare and efficiency of the channel simultaneously. Importantly, under government interventions, taxation does help improve the greening level of the channel in both coordinating and non coordinating contracts. However, the greening level in the non-coordinating contracts with taxation is still less than the coordinating contracts even without tax. Finally, we also extended the model to include a duopoly airline market with pricing and greening competition. We analyze the effect of competetiton between airlines on airport utility, airline profit, ticket fare and greening level. |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2110.11694&r= |
| By: | Lee, Hyun Jean (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Cheolwon (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Yoon, Hyung Jun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 본 연구는 EU를 중심으로 한 유럽 주요국(독일, 프랑스, 스웨덴, 비세그라드 4국)의 친환경자동차산업의 정책적인 측면을 살펴보고 한국에 대한 함의를 찾고자 했다. EU가 강조하고 있는 자동차용 배터리팩이나 수소연료 등은 아직까지 한국을 비롯한 동북아국가들의 경쟁력이 더 높게 나타나고 있다. 이에 EU 및 회원국들은 친환경자동차 주요 부품의 역내 자체생산이 가능하도록 기술을 확보하여 핵심부품의 해외의존도를 낮추기 위해 자동차산업을 다각도로 지원하고 있으며 친환경자동차의 보급 확대를 위해 배터리·수소·e-모빌리티 전략 등의 부단한 정책노력을 기울이고 있는바, 본 연구를 통해 이를 구체적으로 살펴보고 있다. This study analyzes e-mobility policies of the European Union (EU) and its major member states. Through the analysis the study provides policy implications for the Korean government in promoting eco-friendly automobiles, and strategic insights for Korean companies aiming to access the EU market. The automobile industry of the EU faces multiple challenges today. Aiming to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, the EU will have to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of cars by expanding the use of renewable energy, while maintaining the industry’s competitiveness. Currently, the EU remains comparatively weak in the market for eco-friendly automobiles. The share of European brands in the world’s eco-friendly car market is only 12%. Moreover, Europe is lagging behind Northeast Asian countries, including South Korea, in battery packs and hydrogen fuel cells technology and production. Upon this background, the EU is endeavoring to support the eco-friendly automobile industry to reduce overseas dependence on core components, and to expand the distribution of eco-friendly cars. (the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | EU; e-Mobility; automobile; eco-friendly; greenhouse gas; European Green Deal |
| Date: | 2021–05–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepre:2021_001&r= |
| By: | Marco Scholtz (Thomas More Kempen (BELGIUM) - Thomas More Kempen (BELGIUM)); Kaat de Ridder (Thomas More Kempen (BELGIUM) - Thomas More Kempen (BELGIUM)) |
| Abstract: | Purpose: To determine the influence of COVID-19 and the first 2020 lockdown on Flemish people's initial travel behaviour perceptions, a hypothetical scenario was posed to respondents where they were asked to keep in mind a situation where they might be able to travel again during the summer of 2020 (July/August). This research had two main aims: i) the pre-lockdown travel plans for summer 2020 were determined; ii) the extent to which respondents would adapt their travel behaviour if they were hypothetically allowed to travel again by summer 2020. Methods: This exploratory research was done by means of an online quantitative questionnaire of which 1803(n) complete responses were obtained through convenience and snowball sampling. Results: The results revealed that respondents did have initial travel plans for the 2020 summer (July/August) period, but that they adjusted their planning to mostly travelling nationally/locally, potentially benefitting the local tourism industry. These findings (i) indicate the importance of directing marketing efforts towards the local travel market and (ii) contribute to literature regarding the resilience of the (local) tourism industry. Additionally, the research unveils how the industry should do long-term planning by taking the immediate travel behaviour changes of the Flemish travel consumers into account through regular intervals of consumer research so that it can pick up on possible behavioural trends and ready itself. Implications: Government, together with the industry, can work towards policies that act as a safety net during possible future industry disasters to minimize the negative impacts and foster a swift recovery. |
| Keywords: | Coronavirus,epidemic,lockdown,travel behaviour,tourism |
| Date: | 2021–10–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03373987&r= |
| By: | Waal, Martijn; Arets, Martijn |
| Abstract: | The Netherlands has been known as one of the pioneers in the sharing economy. At the beginning of the 2010s, many local initiatives such as Peerby (borrow tools and other things from your neighbours), SnappCar (p2p car-sharing), and Thuisafgehaald (cook for your neighbours) launched that enabled consumers to share underused resources or provide services to each other. This was accompanied by a wide interest from the Dutch media, zooming in on the perceived social and environmental benefits of these platforms. Commercial platforms such as Uber, UberPop and Airbnb followed soon after. After their entrance to the market, the societal debate about the impact of these platforms also started to include the negative consequences. Early on, universities and national research and policy institutes took part in these discussions by providing definitions, frameworks, and analyses. In the last few years, the attention has shifted from the sharing economy to the much broader defined platform economy. |
| Keywords: | Gig Work; Public Values; Shared Mobility; Sharing Economy |
| JEL: | L86 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110239&r= |
| By: | Jeffrey P. Cohen; Cletus C. Coughlin; Jonas Crews; Stephen L. Ross |
| Abstract: | A busy airport’s closure has large effects on noise, real estate markets, and neighborhood demographics. Using a unique dataset, we examine the effects of closing Denver’s Stapleton Airport on nearby housing markets. We find evidence of immediate anticipatory price effects upon announcement, but no price changes at closing and little evidence of upward trending prices between announcement and closing. However, after the airport closure, more higher-income and fewer black households moved in, and developers built higher quality houses. Finally, post-closing, these demographic and housing stock changes had substantial housing price effects, even after restricting the sample to pre-existing housing sales. |
| JEL: | G14 R21 R31 R41 |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29385&r= |