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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Matson, Grant; McElroy, Sean; Circella, Giovanni; Lee, Yongsung |
| Abstract: | The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic caused massive travel disruptions across the country. Many people nationwide shifted to telework following stay-at-home orders, while those providing essential operations and services continued to travel to work. The pandemic’s impacts on travel behavior have complex environmental and equity implications. Telecommuting can be a means of decreasing vehicle miles traveled and greenhouse gas emissions associated with commuter travel and can reduce congestion during peak times. However, not all jobs can be performed from home. Policymakers and regulators who are considering policies to encourage telecommuting to achieve greenhouse gas reduction goals need to consider potential inequities that may arise or be intensified by these policies. Researchers at the University of California, Davis examined the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on telecommuting patterns among various socio-demographic groups in the United States. During the early stages of the pandemic in Spring 2020 they reached out to households that had participated in previous longitudinal travel studies to measure changes in household activities, personal preferences, and travel patterns due to the pandemic. This policy brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides policy implications. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Automobiles, Demographics, Shared mobility, Travel behavior, Energy consumption, Greenhouse gases, Mobility, Mode choice, Travel survey |
| Date: | 2021–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5f46r97r&r= |
| By: | Marco Francesconi; Jonathan James |
| Abstract: | Reducing drink drive limits is generally regarded an effective strategy to save lives on the road. Using several new administrative data sources, we evaluate the effect of a stricter limit introduced in Scotland in 2014. This reduction had no effect on drink driving and road collisions. Estimates from a supply-of-offenses function suggests that the reform did not have much ex-ante scope for sizeable effects. The unavailability of cheaper alternative means of transportation and weak law enforcement seem to have been the main channels behind the lack of an impact. We find no externality on a wide range of domains, from alcohol consumption to criminal activities other than drink driving. |
| Keywords: | driving under the influence, road collisions, health, alcohol, crime |
| JEL: | I12 I18 D62 K42 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9159&r= |
| By: | Konagane, Joji; Kono, Tatsuhito |
| Abstract: | This paper explores heterogenous commuters’ train choices with different arrival times and residential locations in a city composed of a single CBD and multiple residential zones. First, we analyze the relation between the cost of train overcrowding and train choice, given three residential location patterns according to income level, which are discussed in Fujita (1989) and Tabuchi (2019). Next, we analyze the necessary conditions for the existence of the residential location patterns on the basis of the relation between train overcrowding and train choice in equilibrium. The obtained necessary conditions depend on the values of time, housing lot sizes, and the overcrowding costs. The overcrowding costs depend on the choices of trains with different arrival times in equilibrium. Finally, in quantitative analysis, we showhowmuch the socialwelfare improves due to the first-best congestion fares, depending on the residential location patterns. In any residential pattern, households with the lowest income increase their utilities the most among all households with different incomes, whereas households with the highest income lose their utilities. |
| Keywords: | Train overcrowding; Schedule delay costs; Heterogeneous households; Muth condition; Congestion fares |
| JEL: | H2 H21 R4 |
| Date: | 2021–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:108507&r= |
| By: | Sonia Oreffice; Dario Sansone |
| Abstract: | We analyze differences in mode of transportation to work by sexual orientation, using the American Community Survey 2008-2019. Individuals in same-sex couples are significantly less likely to drive to work than men and women in different-sex couples. This gap is particularly stark among men: on average, almost 12 percentage point (or 13%) lower likelihood of driving to work for men in same-sex couples. Individuals in same-sex couples are also more likely to use public transport, walk, or bike to work: on average, men and women are 7 and 3 percentage points more likely, respectively, to take public transportation to work than those in different-sex couples. These differences persist after controlling for demographic characteristics, partner's characteristics, location, fertility, and marital status. Additional evidence from the General Social Survey 2008-2018 suggests that these disparities by sexual orientation may be due to lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals caring more for the environment than straight individuals. |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2107.06210&r= |
| By: | Prateek Bansal; Roselinde Kessels; Rico Krueger; Daniel J Graham |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically impacted people's travel behaviour and out-of-home activity participation. While countermeasures are being eased with increasing vaccination rates, the demand for public transport remains uncertain. To investigate user preferences to travel by London Underground during the pandemic, we conducted a stated choice experiment among its pre-pandemic users (N=961). We analysed the collected data using multinomial and mixed logit models. Our analysis provides insights into the sensitivity of the demand for the London Underground with respect to travel attributes (crowding density and travel time), the epidemic situation (confirmed new COVID-19 cases), and interventions (vaccination rates and mandatory face masks). Mandatory face masks and higher vaccination rates are the top two drivers of travel demand for the London Underground during COVID-19. The positive impact of vaccination rates on the Underground demand increases with crowding density, and the positive effect of mandatory face masks decreases with travel time. Mixed logit reveals substantial preference heterogeneity. For instance, while the average effect of mandatory face masks is positive, preferences of around 20% of the pre-pandemic users to travel by the Underground are negatively affected. The estimated demand sensitivities are relevant for supply-demand management in transit systems and the calibration of advanced epidemiological models. |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2107.02394&r= |
| By: | Wyatt Brooks; Joseph P. Kaboski; Illenin O. Kondo; Yao Amber Li; Wei Qian |
| Abstract: | In this paper we study whether or not transportation infrastructure disrupts local monopsony power in labor markets using an expansion of the national highway system in India. Using panel data on manufacturing firms, we find that monopsony power in labor markets is reduced among firms near newly constructed highways relative to firms that remain far from highways. We estimate that the highways reduce labor markdowns significantly. We use changes in the composition of inputs to identify these effects separately from the reduction of output markups that occurs simultaneously. The impacts of highway construction are therefore pro-competitive in both output and input markets, and act to increase the share of income that labor receives by 1.8--2.3 percentage points. |
| JEL: | J0 J42 O1 O18 |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28977&r= |
| By: | Siyuan wei (Naresuan University, Thailand Author-2-Name: Vatcharapol Sukhotu Author-2-Workplace-Name: Naresuan University 99, Moo.9, Thapo sub-district, Mueang district, Phitsanulok province 65000, Thailand Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This paper aims to analyse the impact of the China-Laos railway on export trade from China to Thailand. The paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the new route and other routes base on driven factors, identifies what trade industry is suitable for this new route and provides some reference for Thai trade exporters. This will enable Thai export traders to understand the new transportation route formed by the railway and improve the trade volume and competitiveness of Thai products through this route. Methodology/Technique - Literature review method, secondary data method, in-depth interview method. Findings - It is found that the new route formed after the completion of the China-Laos railway has many advantages base on driven factors and many industries are suitable for the use of this new route. Novelty - Few people know much about the China-Laos railway, and even less about the analysis of its impact on Thailand's trade. The author's in-depth interview method allows him to get in touch with experts who are very relevant to the China-Laos railway, providing valuable insights. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Thai Products; Driving Factors; Route Selection; China-Laos Railway; In-depth Interviews; Secondary Data Method |
| JEL: | F16 F18 F19 |
| Date: | 2021–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber204&r= |
| By: | Pumplun, Luisa; Wiefel, Jennifer; Wächter, Katharina; Barth, Niklas; Buxmann, Peter |
| Date: | 2021–07–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:127451&r= |
| By: | Teeris Thepchalerm (Business Excellence and Logistics Research Centre, School of Management, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 Moo.1 Thasud Subdistrict, Muang Chiangrai District, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand Author-2-Name: Phutawan Ho Author-2-Workplace-Name: Business Excellence and Logistics Research Centre, School of Management, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 Moo.1 Thasud Subdistrict, Muang Chiangrai District, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This article aims to preliminarily examine and summarize the impact of COVID-19 on airline business and to briefly investigate how the airlines respond. Methodology/Technique - The researchers synthesize data and information collected from industry organizations' reports and related academic literature. A traditional narrative literature review was implemented to examine and summarize the impacts of COVID-19 on the airline business. Findings - The results show that COVID-19 has operational, market, and financial impacts on airline business. In response to the COVID-19 situation, the airlines have updated their operational procedures and searched for alternative revenue streams. The authors also provide suggestions for future research. Novelty - COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease. Very few scholars have conducted studies on the impacts of COVID-19 on airline business. This article contributes to the academic literature by categorizing the impacts of COVID-19 on airline business. Future studies can further investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on airline business using this article as a starting point. Type of Paper - Review. |
| Keywords: | Airlines; COVID-19; Air Transport; Aviation; Infectious Disease. |
| JEL: | M10 R41 |
| Date: | 2021–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber202&r= |