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on Transport Economics |
| By: | MELIS, Lissa; SÖRENSEN, Kenneth |
| Abstract: | We introduce a novel optimization problem to support the planning and routing of ondemand buses in an urban context. We call this problem the on-demand bus routing problem. Given are a fl eet of identical buses with fixed capacity, a set of bus stations and travel times between them, and a set of transportation requests. Each transportation request consists of a set of potential departure and a set of potential arrival bus stations, as well as a time window, i.e., an earliest departure time and a latest arrival time. The aim of the on-demand bus routing problem is to (1) assign each passenger to a departure and arrival bus station and (2) develop a set of bus routes to fulfill each request in time while minimizing the total travel time of all users. We present the on-demand bus routing problem, as well as a straightforward large neighborhood search heuristic to solve it. The results found by the heuristic for the on-demand bus system are compared to those of a simulated traditional public bus system with fixed lines and timetables. A thorough analysis of the comparison demonstrates that total user ride times can be significantly lower in an on-demand public bus system and shows that an on-demand bus system works best with a large number of small buses. |
| Keywords: | Transportation, Routing, Public transport, Metaheuristic |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ant:wpaper:2020005&r=all |
| By: | MONTENEGRO, Bryan David Galarza; SÖRENSEN, Kenneth; VANSTEENWEGEN, Pieter |
| Abstract: | With the rise of smart cities in the near future, it will be possible to collect relevant data from passengers in order to improve the quality of transport services. In this paper, a mathematical model and algorithm are developed to plan the trips of the buses in a demand-responsive feeder service. A feeder service transports passengers from a lowdemand area, like a sub-urban area, to a transportation hub, like a city center. The feeder service modeled in this paper considers two sets of bus stops: mandatory stops and optional stops. Mandatory stops are always visited by a bus, while optional stops are only visited when a client nearby makes a request for transportation. Passengers are assigned to a bus stop within walking distance. This in turn, gives the service both exibility through the changing timetables and routes of the buses and some predictability due to the mandatory stops. To optimize the performance of the service, mathematical modeling techniques to improve the model's runtime are developed. It is concluded that a combination of column generation and the separation of sub-tour elimination constraints decreases the computing time of small and midsize instances significantly. |
| Keywords: | Flexible bus services, On-demand transportation, Feeder service, Demandresponsive transportation, Combinatorial optimization, Column generation |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ant:wpaper:2020006&r=all |
| By: | Dias, Lucas (Departamento de Economia, Universidade de São Paulo); Haddad, Eduardo (Departamento de Economia, Universidade de São Paulo); Maggi, Andrés (Harvard University) |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the efficiency of the Brazilian road network using data on road speeds and distances and a spatial general equilibrium model with costly trade. We find that Brazil would gain 0.31% of welfare if better organize its road network for intranational trade and that the most populated regions are relatively oversupplied of transport infrastructure compared with the remote and poor areas. We further find long lasting effects of the highways’ project designed to integrate Brasília with the rest of the country in the 1960s. Regions connected by the so-called Radial Highways are currently oversupplied of transport infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | Optimal Road Network; Intranational Trade |
| JEL: | F10 O18 R40 |
| Date: | 2021–01–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:nereus:2020_015&r=all |
| By: | Inge van den Bijgaart; David Klenert; Linus Mattauch; Simona Sulikova |
| Abstract: | Transport has significant externalities including carbon emissions and air pollution. Public health research has identified additional social gains from active travel, due to health benefits of physical exercise. Per mile, these benefits greatly exceed the external costs from car use. We introduce active travel into an optimal fuel taxation model and analytically characterise the optimal second-best fuel tax. We find that accounting for active travel benefits increases the optimal fuel tax by 49% in the US and 36% in the UK. Fuel taxes should be implemented jointly with other policies aimed at increasing the uptake of active travel. |
| Keywords: | transport externalities, congestion, active travel, fuel, health behaviour, optimal taxation |
| JEL: | H23 I12 Q53 Q54 Q58 R41 R48 Z28 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8762&r=all |
| By: | Rathi, Aman; Singh, Ambesh Pratap; Narayanaswami, Sundaravalli |
| Abstract: | Ports are critical infrastructure and contribute significantly to international trade. They play a crucial role in connecting developing countries to the global market and boost the business and growth of the economy. This infrastructure is growing and becoming more complex. Hence, there is a demand for performance indicators to measure competitiveness and undertake strategic planning for improving them. Port performance tools can be an internal strategic management tool and benchmarking tool across the network of ports. This study is on evaluating operational efficiency of a port, and application of the approach for Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) and diagnose and recommend areas of improvement. |
| Date: | 2020–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:14642&r=all |
| By: | Cohen D’Agostino, Mollie; Pellaton, Paige; White, Brittany |
| Abstract: | Congestion pricing can be an equitable policy strategy. This project consisted of a review of case studies of existing and planned congestion pricing strategies in North America (Vancouver, Seattle, and New York) and elsewhere (Singapore, London, Stockholm, and Gothenberg). The analysis shows that the most equitable congestion pricing systems include 1) a meaningful community-engagement processes to help policymakers identify equitable priorities; 2) pricing structures that strike a balance between efficiency and equity, while encouraging multi-modal travel; 3) clear plans for investing CP revenues to equalize the costs and benefits of congestion relief; and lastly, 4) a comprehensive data reporting plan to ensure equity goals are achieved. This project was developed to support the San Francisco County Transportation Authority in its efforts to conduct the Downtown Congestion Project. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Congestion pricing, social equity, travel demand, planning methods, performance measurement, policy analysis, case studies |
| Date: | 2020–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt17h3k4db&r=all |
| By: | Anders Bondemark (Lund University [Lund]); Henrik Andersson (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Anders Wretstrand (Lund University [Lund]); Karin Brundell-Freij (Lund University [Lund]) |
| Abstract: | One of the reasons to subsidise public transport is to improve the mobility of low-income groups by providing affordable public transport; however, the literature describes a situation whereby those with a low income are unable to afford the cheapest tickets per trip, i.e. travelcards, as they usually require a considerable up-front cost. In this study, we use a large dataset from the Swedish National Travel Survey to investigate whether, and if so how, income explains monthly travelcard possession among individuals for whom this would have been the least expensive option. We find a robust positive relationship between income and travelcard possession among low-income earners, indicating that those with a low income pay more to use public transport than more affluent individuals. As the accessibility of low-income groups is an important motivation for public transport subsidies, the findings from this study have important policy implications. |
| Keywords: | Fares,Public transport,Income,Liquidity constraints |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03044001&r=all |
| By: | Sitharamaraju, K.; Beerelli, Santhosh Kumar; Yelne, Saket Anil; Narayanaswami, Sundaravalli |
| Abstract: | Indian Railways is the backbone of India's public transportation network. The Railway Ministry is one of the vital ministries of the Government of India with the mandate to provide economic and efficient rail transportation in India to achieve the twin goals of economic integration and regional development. Based on a detailed study of IR projects and large infrastructure projects in other sectors, we propose certain key recommendations. |
| Date: | 2020–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:14643&r=all |
| By: | Kumari, Pavitra; Aithal, Sreeramana |
| Abstract: | Mangalore International Airport serves as Karnataka's second busiest airport. As industries become busier, the role of airport personnel becomes vital. Because they play a big part in the transportation service at the airport. When the pressure exerted by work increases it negatively affects their physical and mental health. Stress in one direction or another is felt by many people. The agenda of this review article is to scrutinize the stressors and strategies employed by staff in overcoming work-related stress. This article contains an expected ideal condition, current status, and research gap. Based on the identified research gap and its qualitative analysis using the ABCD framework, a research agenda is identified. The article also provides valuable information on the topic and, by documenting it, can assist prospective researchers. |
| Keywords: | Stress, Stressors, Strategies, Mental Health, Aviation industry |
| JEL: | I1 I12 I3 I30 J80 J81 J89 M1 M12 M19 M53 |
| Date: | 2020–12–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:104792&r=all |