|
on Transport Economics |
| By: | Fu, Zhe; Liu, Hao PhD; Lu, Xiao-Yun PhD |
| Abstract: | Connected Automated Vehicles (CAVs) are similar to other automated vehicles with the distinguishing difference being that CAVs obtain information about road conditionsdirectly from other vehicles and infrastructure (e.g., traffic signals, road sensors) rather than relying solely on onboard sensors. Different CAV technologies are currently being tested and evaluated to assess the prospects for future implementation. These tests involve moving CAV-equipped vehicles on a physical test track and recording how the vehicles operate under different traffic conditions (Figure 1). Since it is difficult and expensive to recreate multiple real-world driving conditions on a single test track, virtual environments are typically used to simulate different traffic conditions, such as traffic signal operation, actions by other vehicles on the road, and other scenarios. These virtual hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests can expedite CAV performance evaluation and inform future system implementation; however, existing HIL test systems often lack the ability to manage large amounts of test data, which limits the value and use of these tests. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2020–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt1d63h6pd&r=all |
| By: | Borzyh, Ksenia (Борзых, Ксения) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Rostislav, Kirill (Ростислав, Кирилл) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ponomarev, Yuriy (Пономарев, Юрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Existing restrictions on the unevenness of spatial development and the condition of the transport network, in particular the road network, constrain further development of the industry and outpacing economic growth. Optimality of spending on the construction of new and development of existing transport infrastructure depends on the identification of features (growth and development zones) and existing limitations of the transport network. This study provides a detailed analysis of the current configuration of the road network in Russia, as well as proposals for the development of the road network between the subjects of the Russian Federation using economic and mathematical modeling methods |
| Keywords: | development, tranport network |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:102002&r=all |
| By: | Baum-Snow, Nathaniel; Henderson, J. Vernon; Turner, Matthew A.; Brandt, Loren |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effects of the recently constructed Chinese national highway system on local economic outcomes. On average, roads that improve access to local markets have small or negative effects on prefecture economic activity and population. However, these averages mask a distinct pattern of winners and losers. With better regional highways, economic output and population increase in regional primates at the expense of hinterland prefectures. Highways also affect patterns of specialization. With better regional highways, regional primates specialize more in manufacturing and services, while peripheral areas lose manufacturing but gain in agriculture. Better access to international ports promotes greater population, GDP, and private sector wages on average, effects that are probably larger in hinterland than primate prefectures. An important policy implication is that investing in local transport infrastructure to promote growth of hinterland prefectures has the opposite effect, causing them to specialize more in agriculture and lose economic activity. |
| Keywords: | transportation; urban growth; economic geography |
| JEL: | J1 Q15 |
| Date: | 2020–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:88087&r=all |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report reviews strategic planning in Estonia’s transport sector to support the development of a Transport and Mobility Master Plan 2021-30 for Estonia. It assesses ten key aspects of transport policy with recommendations for reform. The impact of selected proposed reforms are examined under different scenarios modelled for this study. |
| Date: | 2020–09–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:78-en&r=all |
| By: | Taylor Jaworski; Carl Kitchens; Sergey Nigai |
| Abstract: | This paper quantifies the value of US highways and their contribution in shaping regional specialization patterns and facilitating internal and external market integration. We develop a multisector general equilibrium model of interregional and international trade with many locations in the United States (i.e., counties) and many countries. In the model, producers choose shipping routes subject to domestic and international trade costs, endogenous congestion, and port efficiency at international transshipment points. We find that removing the Interstate Highway System reduces real GDP by $619.1 billion (or 3.9 percent) with one quarter due to reduced international market access. We also quantify the value of the twenty longest highway segments and find a range between $2.7 and $55.1 billion with I-5 being the most valuable. Our results highlight the role of domestic transportation infrastructure in shaping regional comparative advantage and gains from international trade. |
| JEL: | F11 F14 H54 R13 R42 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:27938&r=all |
| By: | Inge van den Bijgaart (Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden); Davide Cerruti (CER-ETH Center of Economic Research and CEPR, ETH Zurich, Switzerland) |
| Abstract: | We evaluate the effect of vehicle recalls on vehicle transactions in the second-hand market. Using a rich dataset of Dutch vehicle registrations, we exploit the quasi-experimental variation in recalls across nearly-identical cars. We find strong heterogeneities across market segment: vehicles with a lower (higher) list price or some (zero) defects experience an increase (decrease) in transactions after a recall. Based on our theoretical model, this suggests that recalls increase sorting in low-end markets, yet exacerbate adverse selection in high-end markets. Our results shed light on the effect of information arrival in markets subject to uncertainty and information asymmetries. |
| Keywords: | Vehicles, recalls, adverse selection, sorting, information |
| JEL: | D12 D83 L15 L62 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eth:wpswif:20-343&r=all |
| By: | van den Bijgaart, Inge (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University); Cerruti, Davide (Centre for Energy Policy and Economics, ETH Zürich) |
| Abstract: | We evaluate the effect of vehicle recalls on vehicle transactions in the second-hand market. Using a rich dataset of Dutch vehicle registrations, we exploit the quasi-experimental variation in recalls across nearly-identical cars. We find strong heterogeneities across market segment:vehicles with a lower (higher) list price or some (zero) defects experience an increase (decrease) in transactions after a recall. Based on our theoretical model, this suggests that recalls increase sorting in low-end markets, yet exacerbate adverse selection in high-end markets. Our results shed light on the effect of information arrival in markets subject to uncertainty and information asymmetries. |
| Keywords: | Vehicles; recalls; adverse selection; sorting: information |
| JEL: | D12 L15 L62 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunwpe:0792&r=all |
| By: | Yongjoon Park (University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Resource Economics, Stockbridge Hall, 80 Campus Center Way, Amherst, MA, 01003) |
| Abstract: | Carriers often exchange airport slots (a so-called slot swap) in order to expand their hub networks, but the exchange is often faced with competition-related concerns. In this study, I estimate an airline entry model that can analyze the effects of a slot swap on market competition, focusing on the deal between Delta and US Airways in 2011 at Ronald Reagan Washington Airport (DCA) and LaGuardia New York Airport (LGA). Counterfactual analysis suggests that a slot swap deal incentivizes carriers to change their network by actively adding/removing routes and hence has distributional effect on passengers in different routes. Also, remedies that force the exchanging party to give up some of their slots to rivals may increase consumer surplus, but excessive remedies may harm consumers. |
| Keywords: | Airport Slot Swap; Endogenous Entry; Static Games; Airlines; Network Effects |
| JEL: | C54 L44 L13 L93 |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:net:wpaper:2011&r=all |
| By: | Steininger, Bertram (Department of Real Estate and Construction Management, Royal Institute of Technology); Groth, Martin (RWTH Aachen University); Weber, Birgitte (RWTH Aachen University) |
| Abstract: | Cost overruns and delays in infrastructure projects are not a recent problem. They have systematically occurred globally, in different sectors, and over time. We find that various causes are relevant for the cost overrun and delay of Stuttgart 21 – one of the largest railway projects in Germany in the last 100 years. Among them are project scope changes, geological conditions, high risk-taking propensity, extended implementation, price overshoot, conflict of interests, and lack of citizens’ participation. To estimate the costs at an early stage, we apply the reference class forecasting model and thereby forecast the current estimated costs within a confidence interval. To estimate the time, we apply an OLS regression for the different subsections and underestimate or substantially overestimate the duration actually required. |
| Keywords: | Cost overrun; time overrun; infrastructure; reference class forecasting; hyperbolic discounting; principal-agent theory |
| JEL: | H54 O18 R42 |
| Date: | 2020–10–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:kthrec:2020_011&r=all |
| By: | Jason U. Huh; Julian Reif |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effect of teenage driving on mortality and risky behaviors in the United States using a regression discontinuity design. We estimate that motor vehicle fatalities rise by 40% at the minimum legal driving age cutoff, implying a mortality risk per additional mile driven 6-9 times higher than the risk faced by adult drivers. We also find a stark 80% increase in female deaths from drug overdoses and carbon monoxide poisoning at the cutoff, caused by changes in both suicides and accidental deaths. Our analysis suggests driving regulations could be an effective tool to improve teenage health. |
| JEL: | H75 I1 R4 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:27933&r=all |
| By: | Austin Knies; Emerson Melo |
| Abstract: | We introduce a route choice model that incorporates the notion of choice aversion in transportation networks. Formally, we propose a recursive logit model which incorporates a penalty term that accounts for the dimension of the choice set at each node of the network. We make three contributions. First, we show that our model overcomes the correlation problem between routes, a common pitfall of traditional logit models. In particular, our approach can be seen as an alternative to the class of models known as Path Size Logit (PSL). Second, we show how our model can generate violations of regularity in the path choice probabilities. In particular, we show that removing edges in the network can decrease the probability of some existing paths. Finally, we show that under the presence of choice aversion, adding edges to the network can increase the total cost of the system. In other words, a type of Braess's paradox can emerge even in the case of uncongested networks. We show that these phenomena can be characterized in terms of a parameter that measures users' degree of choice aversion. |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2010.02398&r=all |
| By: | Abraham Londono Pineda; Jose Alejandro Cano; Lissett Pulgarin |
| Abstract: | This article explores the challenges for the adoption of scrubbers and low sulfur fuels on ship manufacturers and shipping companies. Results show that ship manufacturers, must finance their working capital and operating costs, which implies an increase in the prices of the ships employing these new technologies. On the other hand, shipping companies must adopt the most appropriate technology according to the areas where ships navigate, the scale economies of trade routes, and the cost-benefit analysis of ship modernization. |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2009.09547&r=all |
| By: | Kim, Yongwon; Kim, Yongkyu |
| Abstract: | As the usage of mobile data is significantly increasing, the demand for free public Wi-Fi also continues to grow. The ministry of science & ICT (MSIT) and some municipalities in Korea have been constructing free Wi-Fi networks on mass transportation for the benefit of users. In this study, we estimate the economic value of Wi-Fi for leisure based on demand function, which considers the time cost of using the internet. By using the 2016-2019 Korean Media Panel (KMP) data, we estimated the yearly consumer surplus of Wi-Fi and that of Wi-Fi in city buses. In this way, we showed the cost-benefit analysis could be carried out in public Wi-Fi projects. |
| Keywords: | Wi-Fi,Internet,Consumer Surplus,Panel Analysis |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itso20:224863&r=all |
| By: | Kathrin Goldmann (Institute of Transport Economics, Muenster); Jan Wessel (Institute of Transport Economics, Muenster) |
| Abstract: | Between cities and regions, not only cycling levels differ, but also the reactions of cyclists to adverse weather conditions. Using data from 122 automated bicycle counting stations in 30 German cities, and a composite index of adverse weather conditions that consists of air temperature, precipitation, wind speed, relative humidity, and cloud coverage, we calculate city-specific weather elasticities of the level of utilitarian cycling. The results show that these weather elasticities vary significantly between cities. Our next step is to analyze various determinants of weather elasticities, which reveals that the share of young inhabitants and the density of the cycle network have a positive impact on weather resilience. Based on the notion that resilience to adverse weather conditions reflects a revealed part of a city's bicycle culture, the weather elasticities can be used to create a ranking of bicycle cities. This ranking is positively correlated with a ranking based on the modal share of cycling, as well as with other rankings based on stated preference surveys or external conditions such as infrastructure or cycling safety. |
| Keywords: | Bicycle, weather elasticities, Germany, regional heterogeneity, bicycle city ranking, cycling culture |
| JEL: | R49 |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mut:wpaper:33&r=all |