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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Mau, Karsten (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Macro, International & Labour Economics); Seuren, Rosalie |
| Abstract: | We analyze the trade effects of a new unfolding transport infrastructure in connection with China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Using panel data for the years 1996-2018, featuring 27 exporting countries and 96 industries, we exploit variation in the timing and number of railway connections to estimate whether European countries benefit from increased export revenues and product variety of their shipments to China. We find that both increase and that also indirectly connected countries benefit. Using additional data on the mode of transport, we find that industries with intermediate time-sensitivity appear to increase their utilization of rail-freight to China the most and confirm that the overall increase in exports is driven by these industries. |
| JEL: | F14 F15 R41 |
| Date: | 2020–09–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:umagsb:2020024&r=all |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report presents seven case studies of cities that are implementing data-driven road safety policies. It highlights relevant experiences aimed at reducing the number of traffic casualties and protecting vulnerable road users in cities. The case studies from Barcelona, Bogota, Buenos Aires, Fortaleza, London, New York and Rotterdam illustrate the diverse approaches to better understand road crashes and to prevent road traffic deaths and serious injuries. |
| Date: | 2020–09–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:76-en&r=all |
| By: | Aldred, Rachel; Goodman, Anna |
| Abstract: | This paper reports on analysis of active travel interventions in Outer London. We find stronger impacts of effects (decreased car ownership and use, increased active travel) in intervention areas where Low Traffic Neighbourhoods (LTNs) were introduced. Decreased car ownership and use is only found in such areas. Sample size for LTN areas is small and hence uncertainty about effect magnitude is large, but effect direction is consistent. This suggests that to reduce car use as well as increase active travel, LTNs are an important part of the intervention toolbox. |
| Date: | 2020–08–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ebj89&r=all |
| By: | Kniesner, Thomas J. (Claremont Graduate University); Sullivan, Ryan (Naval Postgraduate School) |
| Abstract: | Our research estimates Covid-19 non-fatal economic losses in the U.S. using detailed data on cumulative cases and hospitalizations from January 22, 2020 to July 27, 2020, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As of July 27, 2020, the cumulative confirmed number of cases was about 4.2 million with almost 300,000 of them entailing hospitalizations. Due to data collection limitations the confirmed totals reported by the CDC under-count the actual number of cases and hospitalizations in the U.S. Using standard assumptions provided by the CDC, we estimate that as of July 27, 2020, the actual number of cumulative Covid-19 cases in the U.S. is about 47 million with almost 1 million involving hospitalizations. Applying value per statistical life (VSL) and relative severity/injury estimates from the Department of Transportation (DOT), we estimate an overall non-fatal unadjusted valuation of $2.2 trillion for the U.S. with a weighted average value of about $46,000 per case. This is almost 40% higher than the total valuation of $1.6 trillion (using about $11 million VSL from the DOT) for all approximately 147,000 Covid-19 fatalities. We also show a variety of estimates that adjust the non-fatal valuations by the dreaded and uncertainty aspect of Covid-19, age, income, and a factor related to fatality categorization. The adjustments show current overall non-fatal valuations ranging from about $1.5 trillion to about $9.6 trillion. Finally, we use CDC forecast data to estimate non-fatal valuations through November 2020, and find that the overall cumulative valuation increases from about $2.2 trillion to about $5.7 trillion or to about 30 percent of GDP. Because of the larger numbers of cases involved our calculations imply that non-fatal infections are as economically serious in the aggregate as ultimately fatal infections. |
| Keywords: | value of a statistical injury, VSI, value of a statistical life, VSL, COVID-19, pandemic, willingness to pay, benefit-cost analysis, CDC |
| JEL: | I18 J17 J28 H51 |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13632&r=all |
| By: | Schaefer, David; Britz, Wolfgang; Kuhn, Till |
| Abstract: | ABMSIM, an agent-based model, is extended and applied to model short- and long-distance manure transports induced by the revised German Fertilization Ordinance (FO). It quantifies impacts on manure transports (max. 150 km), regional nutrient balances, and farm types, covering the farm population (~34,000 farms) of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (~35,000 km2). The large study area is realized by using an estimated meta-model based on simulation results with the detailed bio-economic farm model FarmDyn. Results indicate that manure exports increase due to FO measures related to P2O5 surpluses in pig farms, whereas increased transport distance is found in dairy and pig farms due to competition in the manure market. The study underlines that ABM applications for larger populations and landscapes are possible by reducing the computational load through meta-models. Future research can address improved meta-models based on econometric estimation or machine learning as well as feedback between manure market and its participants. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2020–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubfred:305270&r=all |
| By: | Aldred, Rachel; Woodcock, James; Goodman, Anna |
| Abstract: | Introduction: This paper analyses three years’ data from the People and Places longitudinal study. This study examines the travel behaviour impact of major investments in active travel infrastructure in three Outer London boroughs (the ‘mini-Hollands programme’). Methods: The People and Places survey, conducted annually in May-June, treats the mini-Holland interventions as a ‘natural experiment’. Participants in other Outer London boroughs form a control group. The survey had over 3,000 respondents at baseline (May-June 2016). Three follow-up waves each had over 1400 repeat respondents. A difference-in-differences analysis was used to compare changes in active travel uptake in intervention and control groups. Further analysis examines likelihood of meeting targets for past-week active travel and all physical activity. Finally, the article conducts a health economic benefit assessment based on uptake of active travel at Wave 3. Results: At all waves, living close to mini-Holland interventions (‘high-dose’ areas) was consistently associated with increased duration of past-week active travel, compared with the control group (44.0 extra minutes in Wave 2, 41.0 in Wave 1, and 41.5 in Wave 3). Changes in active travel behaviour were stronger in the high-dose area than in the low-dose area. Most of the increase was in walking. People living in high-dose areas were 13% more likely at Wave 3 to achieve 140 minutes active travel than people in control areas. People living in high- or low-dose areas in mini-Holland boroughs were more likely to be physically active for 5 days in the past week. The 20- year health economic benefit in high-dose areas from three years’ of interventions (costing £80 million) is £724 million. Conclusion: Ambitious interventions can yield substantial health economic benefits from changes in active travel. This includes early uptake of walking as well as cycling. Most of the increase was in walking but the ratio varied by year. |
| Date: | 2020–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:5ny4c&r=all |
| By: | Giao, Ha Nam Khanh; Thy, Nguyen Thi Anh; Vuong, Bui Nhat; Tu, Tran Ngoc; Vinh, Pham Quang; , Le thi Phuong Lien |
| Abstract: | This research has four specific objectives: (1) Identifying factors that affect customer satisfaction of less than container load (LCL) cargo service of logistics companies in HoChiMinh city (HCMC), (2) Measuring the level of impact of the factors, (3) Testing the difference in satisfaction among groups of customers with different characteristics in terms of type of business and time of using LCL cargo service, and (4) Proposing some management implications to improve the quality of LCL cargo services, by interviewing 210 customers who enjoyed the LCL cargo service in HCMC for at least the last 6 months, using the convenient sampling method. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the reliability of the scale through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Exploratory factor analysis, Multiple linear regression analysis The result identified the 06 factors that influence positively on customer satisfaction of LCL cargo service of logistics companies in HCMC, by decreasing the importance: Service process, Image, Resource, Price, Management, Outcomes. The results show that there is no difference in customer satisfaction of LCL cargo service by types of business as well as time of using service. The research suggests some management implications to the management of logistics companies in HCMC to enhance the customer satisfaction. |
| Date: | 2020–08–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:7xqy5&r=all |