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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Aris Christodoulou (European Commission - JRC); Panayotis Christidis (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Congestion is a major issue for cities and often a determining factor of connectivity within urban areas and intra-city interactions. It is a repercussion of the massive adoption of cars as the main transport mode and an externality related to the nature of cities as it represents the negative aspect of agglomeration, the major driving force of growth in cites. We analyse the causes and impacts of congestion in order to be able to identify viable solutions against it. For this purpose, traffic needs to be studied at fine spatial and temporal resolution levels. We measure congestion at the level of Functional Urban Area considering the full transport network in order to estimate travel times between a large set of origins-destinations as determined by a high resolution population grid (size: 500mx500m). The impact of congestion is measured with the help of the relevant TomTom indicators that provide very detailed information on the variation of speed during the day at road link level. Road traffic also affects accessibility. We measure accessibility using different operationalisations, with and without congestion, for all the populated grid cells in the functional urban areas of Brussels, Seville and Krakow. By analysing urban areas at such a fine spatial level we manage to capture the impacts of congestion in detail. This study is the first step towards the assessment and comparison of traffic in all European cities. |
| Keywords: | accessibility, congestion, fine-resolution analysis, European cities, Functional Urban Area, traffic |
| Date: | 2020–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc118448&r=all |
| By: | Mauch, Michael; Skabardonis, Alex |
| Abstract: | The Freeway Service Patrol (FSP) is an incident management program implemented by Caltrans, the California Highway Patrol and local partner agencies to quickly detect and assist disabled vehicles and reduce non-recurring congestion along the freeway during peak commute hours. The first FSP program was piloted in Los Angeles, and was later expanded to other regions by state legislation in 1991. As of June 2018, there were fourteen participating FSP Programs operating in California, deploying 328 tow trucks and covering over 1,823 (centerline) miles of congested California freeways. The purpose of this research project was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Caltrans FSP program in reducing incident durations and removal of other obstructions that directly contribute to freeway congestion for Caltrans fiscal year 2018-2019. The project provides valuable information to agencies managing the FSP program so that resources are distributed within the various statewide FSP operations in the most efficient and cost-effective manner possible. The tools used and the operational performance measures provided by this research effort will significantly contribute on the ongoing agencies’ efforts to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the FSP program. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Benefit cost analysis, Cost effectiveness, Data collection, Databases, Freeway service patrols, Highway operations, Incident management, Traffic incidents |
| Date: | 2020–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt40d6q74c&r=all |
| By: | Richard Bluhm; Axel Dreher; Andreas Fuchs; Bradley C. Parks; Austin M. Strange; Michael J. Tierney |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the causal effect of transport infrastructure on the spatial concentration of economic activity. Leveraging a new global dataset of geo-located Chinese government-financed projects over the period from 2000 to 2014 together with measures of spatial inequality based on remotely-sensed data, we analyse the effects of transport projects on the spatial distribution of economic activity within and between regions in a large number of developing countries. We find that Chinese-financed transportation projects reduce spatial concentration within but not between regions. In line with land use theory, we document a range of results which are consistent with a relocation of activity from city centers to their immediate periphery. Transport projects decentralize activity particularly strongly in regions that are more urbanized, located closer to the coast, and less developed. . |
| Keywords: | transport costs, infrastructure, development finance, foreign aid, spatial concentration China |
| JEL: | F15 F35 R11 R12 P33 O18 O19 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8344&r=all |
| By: | John W Helsel; Venktesh Pandey; Stephen D. Boyles |
| Abstract: | Dynamic tolls present an opportunity for municipalities to eliminate congestion and fund infrastructure. Imposing tolls that regulate travel along a public highway through monetary fees raise worries of inequity. In this article, we introduce the concept of time poverty, emphasize its value in policy-making in the same ways income poverty is already considered, and argue the potential equity concern posed by time-varying tolls that produce time poverty. We also compare the cost burdens of a no-toll, system optimal toll, and a proposed ``time-equitable" toll on heterogeneous traveler groups using an analytical Vickrey bottleneck model where travelers make departure time decisions to arrive at their destination at a fixed time. We show that the time-equitable toll is able to eliminate congestion while creating equitable travel patterns amongst traveler groups. |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2007.07091&r=all |
| By: | Qian, Xiaodong |
| Abstract: | Bikeshare programs are increasingly popular in the United States and they are an important part of sustainable transportation systems, offering a viable mode choice for many types of last-mile trips. This popularity means that an increasing number of people can enjoy the convenience of cycling and the associated physical health benefits without actually owning a bike (or having access to their own bikes). However, bikeshare systems have not captured high levels of ridership from disadvantaged populations. Many barriers exist that prohibit residents from disadvantaged communities from accessing bikeshare services. These barriers include absence of bikeshare stations within walking distances, lack of financial resources, cultural barriers, and/or unsafe cycling environments. Most of the current research on bikeshare programs focuses on societal benefits (e.g. reducing greenhouse gas emissions by replacing auto trips with bike trips) and bikeshare system management (e.g., bike repositioning between stations). There is some emerging research focused on equity issues in developing bikeshare. However, far less attention has been paid to bikeshare programs’ potential benefits for disadvantaged communities and virtually no quantitative research on how to design bikeshare systems to improve access for these populations. This dissertation work addresses three fundamental bikeshare equity problems. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Bikeshare, Demand estimation, Social equity, Sustainable transportation, Trip distribution |
| Date: | 2019–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4kp5092s&r=all |
| By: | Chantal Roucolle (ENAC - Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile); Tatiana Seregina (ENAC - Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile, TBS - Toulouse Business School); Miguel Urdanoz (TBS - Toulouse Business School) |
| Abstract: | The literature on airlines presents few studies analyzing the airlines network evolution. We believe that this gap is due to the difficulty of capturing the network complexity in a simple manner. This paper proposes new simple and continuous indicators to measure the airlines' network structure. The methodology to build them is based on graph theory and principal component analysis. We apply this approach to the US domestic market for 2005–2018, and obtain three network indicators. The first one measures how close the network is to a single-center structure. The second indicator measures the airline's ability to provide alternative routes. The third indicator captures the network size. We analyze the indicators evolution across time and show their robustness under different scenarios. |
| Keywords: | Airline,Graph theory,Network,Principal Component Analysis (PCA),Indicators |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02616818&r=all |
| By: | Ivanova, Maya; Ivanov, Ivan Krasimirov; Ivanov, Stanislav Hristov (Varna University of Management) |
| Abstract: | The paper analyses the travel intentions of tourists in the post-pandemic world. The sample includes 974 respondents from Bulgaria. The findings show that most of the respondents are ready to travel within two months after travel is allowed in the country. For their first trip, they will travel in the country, by their car and with their family. Hygiene, disinfection and reliable health system in a destination will be important factors in travellers’ decisions. Women and older respondents have higher health safety preferences than men and younger respondents. |
| Date: | 2020–06–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:36rkb&r=all |