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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Christian Tilk (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz); Michael Forbes (The University of Queensland St Lucia) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the active-passive vehicle-routing problem (APVRP).The APVRP coversarange of logistics applications where pickup-and-delivery requests necessitate a joint operation of active vehicles (e.g., trucks) and passive vehicles (e.g., loading devices such as containers). It supports a flexible coupling and decoupling of active and passive vehicles at customer locations in order to achieve a high utilization of both resources. This flexibility raises the need to synchronize the operations and the movements of active and passive vehicles in time and space. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, we present a branch-and-cut algorithm for the exact solution of the APVRP that is based on Benders decomposition. Second, our approach can be generalized to deal with other vehicle-routing problems with timing aspects and synchronization constraints. Especially for the more complicated cases in which completion time or duration of routes is part of the objective, we show how stronger optimality cuts can be deï¬ ned by identifying minimal responsible subset. Computational experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the previousstate-of-the-artfortheAPVRPandcomputeoptimalsolutionsformorethan70previously unsolved benchmark instances. |
| Keywords: | Routing, synchronization, branch-and-cut, Benders decomposition, truck and trailer |
| Date: | 2019–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jgu:wpaper:1915&r=all |
| By: | Barajas, Jesus |
| Abstract: | Car use is critical to improving access to opportunities, especially for low-wage immigrants whose jobs are dispersed and when transit service is minimal. But many states have restricted the ability of undocumented immigrants to obtain drivers licenses, making it potentially difficult for them to improve their economic standing. The effects of these laws have been tested for their association with traffic safety but not on mode choice itself. Using the two most recent versions of the National Household Travel Survey, I fit a series of difference-in-difference models to estimate the effect of permissive immigrant driver licensing on travel outcomes. Permissive licensing increased the rate of giving rides by about 13% and increased the rate of getting a ride by about 6.5%, but changes to driving alone were insignificant. Results suggest permissive licensing has beneficial accessibility impacts for all immigrants in addition to positive safety and economic externalities documented elsewhere. |
| Date: | 2019–12–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:sw7rp&r=all |
| By: | Frédéric Dobruszkes |
| Abstract: | Scholars and experts in air transport generally assume the distance flown between airports is the shortest route (also known as the great-circle distance or the orthodromic route). Howev-er, in the real world, planes follow longer itineraries. This paper reviews the factors of de-tours, based on interviews with pilots and experts in air navigation. Factors relate to (1) technical constraints, (2) natural processes (including meteorological conditions) and obsta-cles, (3) geopolitical factors and (4) social factors, which are all explored in this paper. Their temporary vs. permanent and spatial impact (small vs. long detours) varies signifi-cantly among factors and among cases, as well as their avoidable nature. Appropriate poli-cies could lower detours. In addition, these results echo academic debates on the meaning of distance. |
| Keywords: | Air transport geography; Airline routes; Detours; Distance flown; Great-circle distance |
| Date: | 2019–07–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/293810&r=all |
| By: | Luisa Dörr; Florian Dorn; Stefanie Gäbler; Niklas Potrafke |
| Abstract: | We examine how new airport infrastructure influences regional tourism. Identification is based on the conversion of a military air base into a regional commercial airport in the German state of Bavaria. The new airport opened in 2007 and promotes travelling to the touristic region Allgäu in the Bavarian Alps. We use a synthetic control approach and show that the new commercial airport increased tourism in the Allgäu region over the period 2008-2016. The positive effect is especially pronounced in the county where the airport is located. Our results suggest that new transportation infrastructure promotes regional economic development. |
| Keywords: | Airports, tourism, regional development, transportation infrastructure, synthetic control method |
| JEL: | O18 Z38 L93 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ifowps:_318&r=all |
| By: | Jean-Philippe Meloche |
| Abstract: | Economists have long argued that road pricing improves the efficiency of infrastructure development. However, pricing projects for roads remain scarce, often for lack of political support. This research focuses on the mechanisms through which technological innovation, and, more specifically, the emergence of satellite-based navigation systems, contributes to the success of road pricing projects in four jurisdictions considered as first movers: Singapore, United States (Oregon), Germany and Norway. Interviews with local experts helped determine how the problem, policy and political streams converge to enable implementation of road pricing projects in these countries. The first movers’ experience demonstrates that new technologies and increasing traffic problems are factors that contribute to an increasing need for pricing, but do not eliminate political hurdles. This suggests that it is better to plan things far ahead of time and move forward slowly in the hope of one day successfully implementing a road pricing project. |
| Keywords: | Road Pricing,Public Policy,Implementation,New Technologies,Window of Opportunity GNSS, |
| Date: | 2019–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirwor:2019s-35&r=all |
| By: | Nima Golshani; Ehsan Rahimi; Ramin Shabanpour; Kouros Mohammadian; Joshua Auld; Hubert Ley |
| Abstract: | Public transit disruption is becoming more common across different transit services, which can have a destructive influence on the resiliency and reliability of the transportation system. Utilizing a recently collected data of transit users in the Chicago Metropolitan Area, the current study aims to analyze how transit users respond to unplanned service disruption and disclose the factors that affect their behavior. |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2001.01718&r=all |
| By: | Nikita Jacob (Centre for Health Economics, University of York, UK); Luke Munford (School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK); Nigel Rice (Centre for Health Economics, University of York, UK); Jennifer Roberts (Department of Economics, University of Sheffield) |
| Abstract: | Governments around the world are encouraging people to switch away from sedentary modes of travel towards more active modes, including walking and cycling. The aim of these schemes is to improve population health and to reduce emissions. There is considerable evidence on the latter, yet relatively little on the former. This paper investigates the impact of mode choice on measures of physical and mental health as well as satisfaction with health. Using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study from 2009-2016, our empirical strategy exploits changes in the mode of commute to identify health outcome responses. Individuals who change modes are matched with those whose mode remains constant. Overall we find that mode switches affect both physical and mental health. Specifically we find an increase in physical health for women and an increase in mental health for both genders, when switching from car to active travel. In contrast, both men and women who switch from active travel to car are shown to experience a significant reduction in their physical health and health satisfaction, and a decline in their mental health when they change from active to public transport. |
| Keywords: | Commuting mode; health; panel data econometrics |
| JEL: | C1 I1 |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shf:wpaper:2019023&r=all |
| By: | Baris Yildiz; Hande Yaman Paternotte; Oya Ekin Karasan |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:kbiper:639284&r=all |
| By: | Fromm, Hansjörg; Ewald, Lukas; Frankenhauser, Dominik; Ensslen, Axel; Jochem, Patrick |
| Abstract: | Free-floating carsharing, i.e., carsharing that allows pick-up and return of a car anywhere within a specified area in a city, has now been available in European cities for more than 10 years. As an important example of the sharing economy, carsharing strives for a more efficient use of resources with positive economic, social, and environmental impacts. After a decade of operation and user experience, an evaluation seems appropriate. car2go and DriveNow, who merged into SHARE NOW in 2019, are the largest carsharing operators in the world. They commissioned this study to identify the impact of carsharing on vehicle holdings, modal shift, vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT), and greenhouse gas emissions. The study was conducted in 2018 and 2019. It is based on a survey among car2go and DriveNow customers in 11 European cities. A previous study was performed by the University of California, Berkeley, for 5 North American cities in 2016 [7]. [...] |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kitiip:36&r=all |
| By: | Hollingsworth, Alex; Rudik, Ivan (Cornell University) |
| Abstract: | Leaded gasoline is still widely used in the United States for aviation and automotive racing. Exploiting regulatory exemptions and a novel quasi-experiment, we find that leaded gasoline increases ambient lead concentrations, elevated blood lead rates, and elderly mortality. The estimated effects indicate the social cost of a gram of lead added to gasoline is over $1,100. Our results are the first causal estimates linking adult mortality to leaded gasoline, highlight the historic value of banning on-road leaded gasoline, demonstrate the costs of continued regulatory exemptions, and provide policy-relevant cost estimates of lead emissions at the lowest ambient levels to date. |
| Date: | 2019–09–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:rdy6g&r=all |
| By: | Simon J. Berrebi; Kari E. Watkins |
| Abstract: | This paper uses stop-level passenger count data in four cities to understand the nation-wide bus ridership decline between 2012 and 2018. The local characteristics associated with ridership decline are evaluated in Portland, Miami, Minneapolis/St-Paul, and Atlanta. Poisson models explain ridership as a cross-section and the change thereof as a panel. While controlling for change in frequency, jobs, and population, the correlation with local socio-demographic characteristics are investigated using data from the American Community Survey. The effect of changing neighborhood socio-demographics on bus ridership are modeled using Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics data. At a point in time, neighborhoods with high proportions of non-white, carless, and most significantly, high-school-educated residents are the most likely to have high ridership. Over time, white neighborhoods are losing the most ridership across all four cities. Places with high concentrations of residents with college education and without access to a car also lose ridership at a faster rate in two of the cities. The sign and significance of these results remain consistent even when controlling for intra-urban migration. Although bus ridership is declining across neighborhood characteristics, these results suggest that the underlying cause must be primarily affecting the travel behavior of white bus riders. Shifts in neighborhood socio-demographics, however, were found to be modest in most cities and unlikely to be causing the nation-wide ridership crisis. In Miami, the increasing proportion of white residents surrounding bus stops could be a factor aggravating the decline. |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2001.02200&r=all |
| By: | McFadden, Marissa; Ullman, Hannah; McRae, Glenn |
| Abstract: | Predicting a workforce crisis for the past twenty years, the transportation field has launched a wide variety of initiatives to increase the future talent pipeline that would choose transportation as a field of choice for study and future careers. This project follows on the premise that increasing awareness of career opportunities is essential to attracting new entrants at an early age, and that awareness building should be dynamic. This includes providing views of who works in the transportation field, what their experiences are, and what they value about their work. This paper hypothesizes that first-person glimpses into transportation careers are just as essential for job seekers as knowing job specs, qualifications, pay scales and opportunities for advancement. In-depth career profiles of workers were developed and showcase individuals, from diverse backgrounds and interests, engaged in work critical to the future of our transportation systems and infrastructure as an inducement to consider future education and training work needed to enter such a field. A number of other initiatives have created occupation and career profiles in public and private agencies. As with other awareness building and talent pipeline development initiatives such efforts need to be made accessible to a wider more diverse audience and metrics for tracking their effectiveness should be developed and implemented. Coordinating and testing these efforts are part of a future stage of program. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Aged, Best practices, Curricula, Graduate study, Job opportunities, Jobs, Labor force, Retirement, Sustainable transportation, Transportation careers, Universities and colleges |
| Date: | 2019–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt82r0k1ch&r=all |