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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Alessandro Avenali (Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti (DIAG), University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy); Tiziana D'Alfonso (Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti (DIAG), University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy); Alberto Nastasi (Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti (DIAG), University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy); Pierfrancesco Reverberi (Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti (DIAG), University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy) |
| Abstract: | Air transport and HSR are not simple competitors. Indeed, air and HSR services can be complements on long-haul routes served by connecting flights through a hub airport. This complementarity creates room for cooperation between airlines and HSR operators, particularly relating to international connecting passengers. Airport managers are also interested in such agreements since they affect, among others, air traffic volumes and the demand for slots on the part of the airlines. In this framework, we develop a theoretical model to study transport operators’ incentives to cooperate, and the strategic role of airports in facilitating or dampening airline-HSR cooperation via the airport per passenger fee. In our model, transport operators cooperate to offer a bundle of domestic HSR and international air services via a multimodal hub airport. We show that the scope for cooperation depends on two main factors, that is, the related sunk costs and mode substitution between air and HSR services. |
| Keywords: | Airline ; high speed rail ; cooperation ; competition ; airport per passenger fee ; sunk costs |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aeg:report:2019-09&r=all |
| By: | Kathleen Cohen (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and Student at John Hopkins University) |
| Abstract: | New mobility trends such as shared mobility, autonomous vehicles, and mobility as a service are poised to disrupt the way the world moves. Since transport behavior is rooted in human behavior, how these trends are adopted will be influenced by behavioral preferences as well as cultural trends. This literature review looks at the behavioral preferences that will influence the uptake and impact of new mobility in the three largest markets: the United States, Europe, and China. The author finds that factors such as cost, time, comfort, convenience, safety, identity creation, and environmental concern are all important in transport modal choice. Larger societal trends such as changing preferences amongst younger generations as well as differences between urban and rural riders will also influence uptake of new mobility. Ultimately, the sustainability of new mobility in terms of reduced emissions and congestion will depend upon the adoption of shared models over private car ownership, which will require behavioral changes that could be incentivized with smart public policy. |
| Keywords: | Mobility, Human Behavior, Transport, Sharing Mobility |
| JEL: | O O18 |
| Date: | 2019–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2019.24&r=all |
| By: | HASHIMOTO Yuki; KOMAE Kazutomo |
| Abstract: | This study finds that the increased number of "welfare vehicles" or wheelchair-accessible and other adaptive equipment-equipped vehicles and licensed transportation services using these vehicles has contributed to the declining demand for taxis since the 1990s. According to the analytical results using prefecture panel data, a 10% increase in these vehicles has caused a 0.9% decrease in the number of passengers carried and a 1.3% decrease in annual fare revenue. Also, a 1% decrease in fare revenue has caused a 1.3% decrease in driver's average earnings, reflecting the payment structure for taxi drivers, which strongly depends on their fare revenue. "Welfare vehicles" which are licensed by the government in order to complement transportation by public transportation such as taxis and buses, in fact, have met the transportation needs of the elderly with mobility difficulty, implying that the transportation service provided by "welfare vehicles" have substituted for taxis demand to some extent. |
| Date: | 2019–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rdpsjp:19053&r=all |
| By: | Levon Amatuni; Juudit Ottelin; Bernhard Steubing; Jos\'e Mogollon |
| Abstract: | Car-sharing platforms provide access to a shared rather than a private fleet of automobiles distributed in the region. Participation in such services induces changes in mobility behaviour as well as vehicle ownership patterns that could have positive environmental impacts. This study contributes to the understanding of the total mobility-related greenhouse gas emissions reduction related to business-to-consumer car-sharing participation. A comprehensive model which takes into account distances travelled annually by the major urban transport modes as well as their life-cycle emissions factors is proposed, and the before-and-after analysis is conducted for an average car-sharing member in three geographical cases (Netherlands, San Francisco, Calgary). In addition to non-operational emissions for all the transport modes involved, this approach considers the rebound effects associated with the modal shift effect (substituting driving distances with alternative modes) and the lifetime shift effect for the shared automobiles, phenomena which have been barely analysed in the previous studies. As a result, in contrast to the previous impact assessments in the field, a significantly more modest reduction of the annual total mobility-related life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions caused by car-sharing participation has been estimated, 3-18% for three geographical case studies investigated (versus up to 67% estimated previously). This suggests the significance of the newly considered effects and provides with the practical implications for improved assessments in the future. |
| Date: | 2019–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1910.11570&r=all |
| By: | Laliotis, I.; Moscelli, G.; Monastiriotis, V. |
| Abstract: | Although is commonly understood that light conditions affect driving behaviour, detailed evidence is scarce especially for EU countries. In this paper we use the exogenous variation in daylight caused by Daylight Saving Time (DST) shifts to examine the role of light conditions on vehicle accidents. We use a rich dataset from Greek administrative data covering the universe of all types of recorded vehicle accidents over the period between 01 January 2006 to 31 December 2016. Relying on a regression discontinuity design we attempt to provide a causal evaluation regarding the impact of exogenous time shifts on the number of vehicle crashes. Our results are supportive of an ambient light mechanism that reduces the counts of serious vehicle accidents during the Spring transitions and increases the count of minor ones during the Fall transition, especially during the most impacted hours within the day. We discuss the implications of our study both for the importance of light ambience conditions for car accidents and for the particular case of the adoption and preservation of DST policies. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cty:dpaper:19/14&r=all |
| By: | Friberg, Richard (Stockholm School of Economics); Steen, Frode (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration); Ulsaker, Simen A. (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of cross-border shopping on grocery demand in Norway using monthly store×category sales data from Norway’s largest grocery chain 2011-2016. The sensitivity of demand to foreign price is hump-shaped and greatest 30-60 minutes’ driving distance from the closest foreign store. Combining continuous demand, fixed costs of cross-border shopping and linear transport costs `a la Hotelling we show how this hump-shape can arise through a combination of intensive and extensive margins of cross-border shopping. Our conclusions are further supported by novel survey evidence and cross-border traffic data. |
| Keywords: | Cross-border shopping; competition in grocery markets; product differentiation |
| JEL: | F15 H73 L66 R20 |
| Date: | 2018–12–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhheco:2019_020&r=all |
| By: | Hasan, Ifthekhar; Noth, Felix; Tonzer, Lena |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether cultural norms shaped by religion drive consumer decisions after a corporate scandal. We exploit the unexpected notice of violation by the US Environmental Protection Agency in September 2015, accusing the car producer Volkswagen (VW) to have used software to manipulate car emission values during test phases. Using a difference-in-difference model, we show that new registrations of VW (diesel) cars decline significantly in German counties with a high share of Protestants following the VW scandal. Our results suggest that the enforcement culture rooted in Protestantism affects consumer decisions and penalises corporate fraud. |
| Keywords: | religion,corporate scandal,consumer choice,climate change |
| JEL: | D12 O30 Q50 Z12 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:212019&r=all |
| By: | Halse, Askill Harkjerr; Fridstrøm, Lasse |
| Abstract: | Is regional policy to blame for the negative economic return on many road projects, or can road investments give value for money also in remote areas? In Norway, a large majority of planned road projects have negative net benefits according to cost-benefit analysis (CBA). In this paper, we point at geographic characteristics that can explain this, comparing Norway with its neighbors Sweden and Denmark. We then show econometric evidence that such factors also explain a substantial part of the variation in the benefit-cost ratio within Norway. Projects in areas that are far from the largest cities or have difficult topography have lower net benefits. This implies that there is a trade-off between economic efficiency and investing in roads in rural areas with difficult topography. We also discuss the role of road design requirements, decision-making processes and the electoral system for road investment policy. |
| Keywords: | Cost-benefit analysis, road investments, regional policy, distributive politics |
| JEL: | D61 D7 D72 R42 |
| Date: | 2019–01–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:94389&r=all |
| By: | Lieuw-Kie-Song, Maikel.; Abebe, Haile.; Sempundu, Theogene.; Bynens, Eddy. |
| Keywords: | 1, 2, 3 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:995043788802676&r=all |
| By: | Morgan Kelly; Cormac Ó Gráda; Peter Solar |
| Abstract: | Shipping was central to the rise of the Atlantic economies, but an extremely hazardous activity: in the 1780s, roughly five per cent of British ships sailing in summer for the United States never returned. Against the widespread belief that shipping technology was stagnant before iron steamships, in this paper we demonstrate that between the 1780s and 1820s, a safety revolution occurred that saw shipping losses and insurance rates on oceanic routes almost halved thanks to steady improvements in shipbuilding and navigation. Iron reinforcing led to stronger vessels while navigation improved, not through chronometers which remained too expensive and unreliable for general use, but through radically improved charts, accessible manuals of basic navigational techniques, and improved shore-based navigational aids. |
| Keywords: | Shipping; Insurance; Industrial Revolution |
| JEL: | N N73 G22 |
| Date: | 2019–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucn:wpaper:10197/11167&r=all |